The Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized that we should take Scientific Outlook on Development as the guide and base ourselves on the reality of rural development in China to build a rural social security system with China characteristics. In 2009, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee clearly pointed out: "Pay close attention to formulating guiding opinions and establish a new rural social endowment insurance system that combines individual contributions, collective subsidies and state subsidies." On September 1 day, 2009, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Launching the Pilot Project of New Rural Social Endowment Insurance (Guo Fa [2009] No.32), and decided to launch the pilot project of new rural social endowment insurance (hereinafter referred to as the new rural social endowment insurance) from 2009. On 20 10/month, Guangxi issued the "Implementation Plan for the Pilot Work of New Rural Social Endowment Insurance in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"). By 2020, the new rural social endowment insurance (hereinafter referred to as the new rural social endowment insurance) will basically be fully covered, and the "safety belt" of social endowment insurance for the elderly in Guangxi rural areas will be gradually tightened to achieve "a sense of security". This paper intends to discuss several key issues of establishing a new rural social endowment insurance system in Guangxi.
First, the urgency of establishing a new rural social endowment insurance system in Guangxi
The "newness" of the new rural social endowment insurance system is mainly reflected in changing "individual contributions as the mainstay, collective subsidies as the supplement, and the state gives policy support" into "individual contributions, collective subsidies, and government subsidies". The requirements are as follows: First, starting from rural reality, starting at a low level, and the standards of financing and treatment should be compatible with economic development and affordability in all aspects; Second, individuals, collectives and governments should share responsibilities reasonably, and their rights and obligations should be adapted; Third, the combination of government guidance and farmers' wishes will guide farmers to participate in insurance generally. This is a new fund sharing mechanism, which breaks through the long-standing tradition that China does not directly give financial support to rural social endowment insurance because of insufficient financial strength. The establishment of a new rural social endowment insurance system is an important part of accelerating the establishment of a social security system covering urban and rural residents, which is of great significance for ensuring the basic livelihood of rural residents, promoting rural poverty reduction, gradually narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and maintaining rural social stability. At the same time, it is also of great significance to improve psychological expectations, promote consumption and stimulate domestic demand.
(A) the conditions for establishing a new rural social endowment insurance system are basically met.
1. The age of aging is coming to us. The world's aging trend is accelerating. A report recently released by the United Nations pointed out that at present, 1 out of every 9 people in the world is over 60 years old. It is estimated that by 2045, the number of elderly people over 60 will exceed1youth under 4 for the first time in the world, and by 2050, the proportion of elderly people will rise to 2200. At present, the population of China is aging. China entered the aging stage on 1999. By the end of 2008, the elderly population reached1600,000, accounting for 12% of the total population. According to the forecast, it will reach 200 million in 20 14, 300 million in 2026, 400 million in 2037 and 437 million in 20051year, accounting for 3 1%. By then, nearly 3 people 1 will be the elderly. With the advancement of urbanization and industrialization, the rural population is aging, and the problem of farmers' old-age security is becoming increasingly prominent.
2. China's overall economy is in a period of rapid development, and it has the ability and means to redistribute national income. Establishing a new rural social endowment insurance is a redistribution of national income. The basic pension provided by the state finance to the rural elderly will directly increase farmers' income, let the rural population enjoy the fruits of reform and development, and effectively promote the harmonious development of rural society.
3. The rural economy is developing day by day, farmers' income is growing rapidly, the gap between urban and rural areas is narrowing, farmers' awareness of rights protection is increasing, and their awareness of participating in insurance is increasing. Rural areas in developed areas, rural areas in urban suburbs and some relatively high-level rural areas in underdeveloped areas have gradually strengthened their economic strength and basically met the conditions for establishing a new rural social endowment insurance system.
(2) The aging of rural population in Guangxi is becoming increasingly serious, and the problem of providing for the aged is prominent.
Guangxi is an underdeveloped area and a typical province with a large agricultural population. By the end of 2008, there were 1 12 agricultural counties (districts) in China, with an agricultural population of 41760,000, accounting for 82.7% of the total population. Article 2 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly clearly stipulates that the elderly refer to citizens over the age of 60. In recent years, the total number of elderly people in Guangxi has gradually increased, and the aging trend has accelerated. According to statistics, by the end of 2008, there were 6.33 million elderly people over 60 years old in the whole region, accounting for 13.59% of the total population. It is 1.6 percentage points higher than the national level and is increasing by 3. 5% per year. Among them, there are 6 175800 rural elderly people aged 60 and above, accounting for 97.56% of the total elderly population aged 60 and above. The rural elderly population aged 60 and above obviously accounts for the majority of the elderly population in our district. If the problem of rural old-age care is not solved well, it will restrict Guangxi's economic and social development. With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, rural young and middle-aged laborers are constantly migrating to cities. The problem of aging population in rural areas is more prominent than that in cities, and the situation of providing for the aged in rural areas is very severe. There are more and more "empty-shell villages" and "empty-nest families" in rural areas, and the problem of providing for the aged in rural areas will become more severe. However, the traditional rural old-age insurance model and function are gradually weakening, and the family-style old-age insurance with traditional morality and family ties is being impacted. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a new rural social endowment insurance system.
(3) The traditional family pension model has gradually changed, and the pension function has gradually weakened.
According to the survey, there are still 1 100 million rural elderly people in China who rely on the model of "raising children to prevent old age" in the farming society to spend their old age. However, the economic foundation and cultural concept of modern society have changed, and land and descendants are no longer the only complete life guarantee; And these children and grandchildren who bear the heavy burden of life can't fully bear the burden of providing for the aged brought by these rural elderly who are about to lose their ability to work. With the in-depth development of reform and opening up, especially since the implementation of market-oriented reform in rural areas, the miniaturization, empty nest and intergenerational of rural families are widespread in contemporary rural areas, and the risk of rural old-age care is increasing. The traditional family pension mode and pension function have been gradually weakened, and they are facing severe challenges: First, the income of farmers' labor services is difficult, and the pressure on children's support is increasing; Second, the mobility of rural labor force is increasing day by day, and the floating population moves frequently in different places, which has a negative impact on rural family pension; Third, the relative poverty in rural areas has brought difficulties to the family's old-age security ability. These problems need to be solved by establishing a new rural social endowment insurance system. At the same time, with the deepening of rural economic system reform and the accelerated development of urbanization and industrialization, the traditional pension functions (individual pension, family pension, collective pension and land pension security, etc.). ) are weakening. At present, the traditional function of providing for the aged is gradually weakening. For underdeveloped Guangxi, it is more important and urgent to speed up the establishment of a new rural social endowment insurance system according to the unified deployment of the country and the actual situation in Guangxi.