The development of modern science and technology has greatly promoted the mutual penetration and infiltration of different disciplines, causing technological changes and reactions in the engineering field. In the field of mechanical engineering, due to the rapid development of microelectronics and computer technology and its penetration into the mechanical industry, great changes have taken place in the technical structure, product organization, function and composition, consumption mode and management system of the mechanical industry, and industrial consumption has entered a development stage characterized by "mechanical electrification".
First, the core technology of mechatronics
Mechatronics includes software and hardware technologies. The hardware consists of mechanical body, sensor, information processing unit and driving unit. Therefore, in order to accelerate the development of mechatronics, we must start from the following aspects:
(A) mechanical ontology technology
Mechanical ontology must be considered from several aspects, such as improving performance, reducing quality and improving accuracy. Modern mechanical products are generally based on steel materials. In order to reduce the weight, we should not only improve the structure, but also consider the application of non-metallic composite materials. As long as the weight of the mechanical body is reduced, it is possible to complete the miniaturization of the drive system, thus improving the rapid response characteristics in control, reducing energy consumption and improving efficiency.
(2) Sensing technology
The problem of sensor focuses on improving reliability, flexibility and accuracy, which is directly related to anti-interference. In order to prevent electrical interference, there is a tendency to use optical fiber cable sensors. For external information sensors, non-contact detection technology is mainly developed at present.
(3) Information processing technology
Electromechanical integration is closely related to the remarkable progress of microelectronics and the improvement and application of information processing equipment (especially microcomputers). In order to further develop mechatronics, it is necessary to improve the reliability of information processing equipment, including the reliability of analog-to-digital conversion equipment and the reliability of time-sharing input and output processing, so as to improve the processing speed and deal with anti-interference and standardization problems.
(4) Driving skills
As a driving mechanism, motor has been widely used, but there are still some problems in rapid response and efficiency. At present, the motor with built-in encoder and the servo drive unit with special control element-sensor-motor are being actively developed.
(5) Interface technology
In order to stop communication with the computer, it is necessary to standardize the format of data transmission. Using the same interface specification is not only beneficial to information transmission and maintenance, but also can simplify the design. At present, technicians are working hard to develop low-cost and high-speed serial interfaces to cope with the miniaturization and standardization of contactless signal cables, large capacity, optical fibers and optocouplers.
(vi) Software technology
Software and hardware must develop harmoniously and be different. In order to reduce the cost of software development and improve the efficiency of consumption and maintenance, software standardization should be gradually implemented, including program standardization, program modularization, software program solidification and software engineering.
Second, the main application fields of mechatronics technology
(1) CNC machine tools
After 40 years of development, CNC machine tools and corresponding CNC technology have made great progress in structure, function, operation and control accuracy. Details are as follows:
1, bus type, modular and compact structure, that is, multi-CPU and multi-main bus architecture.
2. Open design, that is, the hardware architecture and functional modules are hierarchical, compatible and in line with interface specifications, which can maximize the utilization efficiency of users.
3.WOP technology and intelligence. The system can provide workshop-oriented programming technology, complete dynamic simulation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional machining processes, and introduce intelligent mechanisms such as online diagnosis and fuzzy control.
4. The application of mass storage and modular design of software not only enrich the functions of CNC system, but also enhance the control functions of CNC system.
5, can complete multi-process and multi-channel control, that is, a machine tool can complete multiple independent processing tasks or control multiple and multiple machine tools at the same time, and integrate the control of tool breakage detection, material handling and manipulator into the system.
6. The multi-level network function of the system enhances the ability of system combination and complex machining system.
7. A compact numerical control device is composed of single board and single chip microcomputer, plus special chip and template.
(2) Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS)
The completion of CIMS is not a simple combination of existing decentralized systems, but a global dynamic optimal synthesis. It breaks through the boundaries between original departments, controls "logistics" and "information flow" based on manufacturing, and completes the organic separation of operation decision, product development, consumption preparation, consumption experiment and consumption operation management. The progress of enterprise integration can better optimize the allocation of various consumption factors and give full play to the potential of various consumption factors.
(3) Flexible manufacturing system
Flexible manufacturing system is a computerized manufacturing system, which is mainly composed of computers, CNC machine tools, robots, pallets, automatic handling carts and automated warehouses. It can randomly, regularly and quantitatively consume any workpiece within its scope according to the requirements of the assembly department, and is especially suitable for batch consumption of various discrete parts with small and medium batches and frequent design changes.
(4) Industrial robots
1 generation robots are also called teaching replication robots. They can only stop their repetitive actions according to the teaching, and lack adaptability and sensitivity to the changes of working environment and working objects. The second generation robot is equipped with all kinds of advanced sensing elements, which can obtain simple information of working environment and operating objects. After computer processing and analysis, we can make a certain judgment, stop the reaction control of the action, show low-level intelligence, and have begun to apply. The third generation robot, namely intelligent robot, has multiple sensory functions, can stop complex logical thinking, judgment and decision-making, and act independently in the working environment, which is closely related to the fifth generation computer.
Third, the development prospect of mechatronics technology
Judging from the present situation of electromechanical integration at home and abroad and the intention of developing high technology, electromechanical integration will develop in the following directions:
(A) Intelligent
Intelligence is one of the main differences between mechatronics and traditional mechanical automation, and it is also the development direction of mechatronics in 2 1 century. In recent years, the progress of processor speed, the high performance of microcomputer and the integration and intelligence of sensor system have created conditions for embedding intelligent control algorithm, which has effectively promoted the development of mechatronics products to intelligence. Intelligent mechatronics products can imitate human intelligence and have a certain level of discriminant reasoning, logical thinking and independent decision-making ability, thus replacing the local mental work of people in manufacturing engineering.
(2) systematization
One of the characteristics of systematization is that the system architecture further adopts an open and formal bus architecture. The system can be configured sensitively, stop any cutting combination, and realize coordinated control and comprehensive management of multiple subsystems. The second performance feature is that the communication function is greatly enhanced. In addition to RS232 and other common communication modes, some networks that meet the needs of long-distance and multi-system communication networking are gradually adopted. In the future, mechatronics will pay more and more attention to the relationship between products and people. How to endow mechatronics products with human intelligence, emotion and humanity is becoming more and more important. Mechatronics products can also study a new biological type according to the excellent structure of some organisms, and make it develop in the direction of biological systematization.
(3) miniaturization
Micro-electromechanical integration system is a new development direction of electromechanical integration, which is highly integrated with micro-mechanical technology, microelectronics technology and software technology. From abroad, the geometric size of MEMS is generally less than 1cm3, and it is developing towards micron and nanometer. Microelectromechanical integrated system has the characteristics of small volume, low energy consumption and sensitive action. It can enter the space that ordinary machinery can't enter and it is easy to stop precision operation, so it has broad application prospects in biomedicine, aerospace, information technology, industry and agriculture and even national defense. At present, sub-micron mechanical parts have been manufactured in the laboratory by using etching technology in the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices.
modularize
Modularization is also the development trend of mechatronics products and an important and arduous project. Due to the wide variety of mechatronics products and consumers, it is a complex and important thing to develop mechatronics product units with standardized mechanical interfaces, electrical interfaces, power interfaces and information interfaces. It needs to formulate a series of specifications to facilitate the matching and interface of components and units. Enterprises that consume mechatronics products can use standardized units to quickly develop new products, and at the same time, they can expand the scope of consumption from time to time.
(5) networking
The rapid development of network technology has had a serious impact on mechatronics, making it develop in the direction of networking. There are many kinds of mechatronics products, and the ways to face the network are also different. Due to the perfection of the network, various remote control and monitoring technologies based on the network are in the ascendant, and the remote control terminal equipment itself is a mechatronics product.
(6)
) greening
The prosperity of industry makes people rich in materials and warm in life, but it also reduces resources and seriously pollutes the ecological environment, so green products emerge as the times require. Greening is the general trend, and its purpose is to make products have no or little harm to the ecological environment during the whole life cycle from design, manufacturing, packaging, transportation, application to scrapping, and the resource utilization rate is extremely high. The greening of mechatronics products mainly means that they do not pollute the ecological environment when used and can be recycled when scrapped. Green manufacturing industry is the sustainable development form of modern manufacturing industry.
To sum up, mechatronics technology is the crystallization of many scientific technologies, and it is an inevitable requirement for social consumption to develop to a certain stage. It has promoted the strategic innovation of the machinery industry and revolutionized the traditional mechanical design methods and concepts. Vigorously developing a new generation of mechatronics products is not only the requirement of transforming traditional mechanical equipment, but also the goal of promoting the upgrading of mechanical products, opening up new fields and developing and revitalizing the mechanical industry.
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