Medical experimental animal science is an important foundation and supporting condition for medical development, and all research in stomatology is based on animal experiments. In recent years, many researches on oral diseases have established various short-term or long-term experimental animal models of oral diseases, which are used for etiological analysis, diagnosis and treatment of various oral diseases.
Paper Keywords: experimental animal stomatology to build animal models
Today's era is an era of rapid development of life science and technological innovation. As an important foundation and supporting condition of life science, especially medical research, the innovation degree of experimental animals plays an important role in the sustainable development of human health [1- 3]. Animal experiment is of great significance in medical research and an important method of medical research [4]. It can almost be said that every major achievement in the field of medical and life science research should be applied to experimental animals. In recent years, China's experimental animals have achieved three-dimensional development at different levels and in all directions, which has become an indispensable basic condition for the development of modern science. The role of experimental animals in stomatological research is multifaceted. First, in medical biology, it is helpful to complete various experiments to explore the origin of diseases, study the mechanisms of various diseases and aging, and overcome various diseases, which is conducive to a more accurate, comprehensive, multi-faceted and multi-level understanding of various oral diseases; Secondly, in the pharmaceutical industry, the safety and effectiveness of oral new drugs must be strictly evaluated by a large number of animal experiments, including rodents, dogs or monkeys, to prove whether they are safe and reliable to the body.
At present, the commonly used experimental animals in stomatology research are rats, rabbits, dogs and miniature pigs. This paper reviews the application of common experimental animals in stomatology.
1 mouse
Rats have upper, lower, left and right molars in their mouth, and their internal tissue structure and histopathology are similar to those of humans, such as keratinization of epithelial surface in gingival sulcus, and the formation and reproduction of pathogens and plaque in their mouth are similar to those of humans. When suffering from various oral diseases, its pathological characteristics are similar to those of human oral histopathology, so rats are widely used as oral disease models in stomatological research.
1. 1 Establishment of experimental periodontitis animal model Liu Yingfeng et al. In the experiment of establishing experimental periodontitis animal model of nicotine in rats [5], 36 SD rats were selected, and the neck of the right maxillary second molar was ligated with silk thread, and the left side was not ligated as their own control.
Histology and micro-CT were used to observe the damage of periodontal tissue in rats. The experiment confirmed that the experimental model of periodontitis can be successfully established by ligating teeth with silk thread, and intraperitoneal injection of nicotine can aggravate the alveolar bone loss in rats. Chen Jinfu [6] and others also used rats infected with amoeba to construct animal models for the study of periodontal disease and its pathogenic mechanism in entamoeba gingivalis.
1.2 establishment of experimental animal model of recurrent oral ulcer (RAU) Wang ting et al [7] selected SD rats to observe the therapeutic effect of Shuanghuangqingkou capsule on oral ulcer. Rats were divided into high, medium and low dose groups, positive control group and blank control group. The rats were given 65438±04d orally continuously, and the pharmacodynamic experiments were carried out. Conclusion: Shuanghuangqingkou capsule can promote the recovery of oral mucosal ulcer and has good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Zhang Yanbiao [8] and others also established an animal model of RAU in rats to explore the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection on TNF-α. 、NF-？ The effect of p65 expression. Conclusion: Shenqi Fuzheng injection has therapeutic effect on RAU rats, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting inflammatory cell NF-β. Activation of B p65 and decrease of inflammatory cytokine secretion.
Two rabbits
Unlike other rodents, the rabbit has six front teeth, and it has a pair of small front teeth. Its upper lip is separated, and the left and right sides are connected to the same nostril respectively. Rabbits are usually used as substitute animals for the study of fracture healing and bone defect repair, although there are some differences between the anatomical structure of rabbits and humans, such as the thin cortical bone at the mandibular angle, the fragile mandible, easy splitting, relatively poor blood supply, the mandibular body full of various roots and few available bones [9]. However, due to the mature data of rabbit's reproduction, feeding, anesthesia and anatomy, it is suitable for the study of large sample animal models and can well simulate the repair of human fractures and bone defects, so it is often used for the treatment and research of mandible. Liu Ruifeng [10] et al. used rabbits as experimental animal models, performed bilateral mandibular osteotomy, and used built-in distractor to pull both mandibles at the same time, studied the retraction of new bone after mandibular lengthening in rabbits, and determined the time to take out the distractor. Rong Xiaofang [1 1] and others selected 30 healthy adult Japanese big-eared white rabbits to establish an animal model of critical mandibular bone defect in rabbits, and on this basis, studied the related problems of human fracture healing and bone defect repair, and achieved good results.
Three dogs