Undergraduate courses are divided into two categories: the first category is general higher education undergraduate courses (also called unified recruitment undergraduate courses), and the examination objects are limited to college graduates from all provinces, municipalities directly under the central government and full-time ordinary colleges and universities (unified recruitment).
The names of individual provinces are different. For example, Hebei province is called the professional edition of colleges and universities, Guangdong province is called the professional edition of colleges and universities, Jiangsu province is called the professional edition of colleges and universities, and the rest provinces are called the upgraded edition of colleges and universities.
The second category is adult higher education, which consists of self-taught examination, adult college entrance examination (divided into amateur and correspondence learning methods), online education (distance education) and open university (formerly RTVU).
Extended data:
Significance of application:
1, looking for a job
There are more than 800,000 college entrance examination candidates in the province every year. There are about 80 ordinary colleges and 30 adult colleges and universities in the province. There are far more junior colleges than undergraduate courses. When graduating every year, finding a job is a headache for graduates themselves and their parents. It is difficult to find a job, and the job fair can't be crowded in.
Many units (especially state organs and institutions) require bachelor's or master's degree or above in recruitment, and junior college is not qualified to apply for or take exams. For example, many schools require a bachelor's degree in recruiting logistics managers and experimenters, and some primary school recruiting teachers require a bachelor's degree or above.
Teachers at junior college or above require a master's or doctoral degree and are civil servants, and most of them only allow junior college students to apply for exams in some difficult positions, and the working places are basically at the grassroots level. Many ideal job opportunities will be lost because of academic qualifications.
2. Salary grading?
China's state organs and institutions basically set their salaries according to their academic qualifications. Undergraduate salary is one grade higher than junior college salary, and more standardized enterprises also set their salaries according to their academic qualifications, such as working in foreign-funded enterprises in Suzhou, Shanghai and Shenzhen or well-known domestic enterprises.
On-the-job salary Undergraduate salary is 200% higher than specialist salary-500 yuan is normal, and there are relatively more funds and promotion opportunities above undergraduate salary than specialist salary. Of course, there are also enterprises that do not set posts based on academic qualifications, but consider the actual income of employers.
3. personnel reform? Many units (especially state organs and institutions) promote cadres and campaign leaders with a bachelor's degree or above. Even if they are fully qualified, they are not qualified to run for public office, but they just can't grasp the opportunities ahead, such as most junior colleges.
Competing for middle-level leadership positions, such as department heads, basically requires a master's degree or a doctor's degree. There is no opportunity for undergraduate courses, and many units, such as schools or courts, will stipulate a certain number of years (even some primary schools).
In-service personnel who fail to obtain a bachelor's degree or above within the specified period of time will be laid off directly in the personnel reform, that is, even if they find a job below junior college, they may face the danger of being laid off and unemployed in their future work.
4. Postgraduate entrance examination?
With a bachelor's degree, you can directly apply for the national unified recruitment of graduate students without a degree certificate, while junior college students can only apply for graduate students with the same academic ability two years after graduation from junior college, although the state stipulates that junior college students are allowed to apply for graduate students with the same academic ability two years after graduation.
However, many universities are actually reluctant to recruit junior college students, and will set up obstacles in many aspects, asking for publishing papers and taking extra specialized courses, and what level of English is reached. In addition, the on-the-job master requires a bachelor's degree. If it is a junior college, there is no chance to get an in-service master's degree in the future.
5. textual research?
Vocational qualification certificates in many countries require bachelor degree or above. For example, the registration requirements for the judicial examination of notarization, law, judges and procuratorial cases must be a bachelor's degree or above, which can be recognized by the state, regardless of major. For example, many lawyers do not study law at the undergraduate level.
Learn Chinese, economics, chemical engineering, everything. And if it is only a junior college, no matter which major, no matter which school you graduated from, no matter what background you have.
You will never be a notary, a lawyer, a lawsuit or a procuratorial lawsuit in your life. Gone are the days when you can be a judge, prosecutor or notary by some related majors.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-college entrance examination