Mobile Internet Access Network Technology

Abstract: Mobile Internet is one of the hotspots in the field of information technology, and access network is an important infrastructure of mobile Internet. The characteristics and applications of satellite communication network, wireless metropolitan area network, wireless local area network, wireless personal area network and cellular network are analyzed. The development trend of access network technology in the future is the convergence and evolution of various networks. The characteristics and applications of heterogeneous wireless network convergence are reported.

Keywords: mobile Internet access network technology

China Library Classification Number: TN92 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1672-3791(2013) 03 (b)-0009-02.

Mobile communication technology and Internet technology are important components in the field of information technology. The development of these two technologies directly affects people's life and work style. Mobile Internet is a new type of converged network, which is the product of the full integration of mobile communication technology and Internet technology. In the mobile Internet environment, people can access the Internet through smart phones, PDA, car terminals and other devices, and enjoy the services provided by the Internet anytime and anywhere.

20 1 1 China China Institute of Telecommunications pointed out in the White Paper on Mobile Internet:? Mobile Internet is an Internet and service with mobile network as access network, including three elements: mobile terminal, mobile network and application service [1]. ? In short, the mobile terminal is the premise of the mobile Internet, the access network is the foundation of the mobile Internet, and the application service becomes the core of the mobile Internet. This paper describes the present situation and development trend of access network technology in detail.

1 current situation of access network technology

There are five main types of existing wireless access networks: satellite communication network, wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless personal area network (WPAN) and cellular network (2G network, 3G network, etc.). ) [2]. They have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of bandwidth, coverage, mobility support and deployment cost.

1. 1 satellite communication network

Overview 1. 1. 1

Simply put, satellite communication is to use satellites as relay stations to communicate between communication stations on the earth (including the ground and the lower atmosphere). Satellites and earth stations are important parts of satellite communication system. The new satellite communication technology mainly includes VSAT system, that is, very small aperture terminal; Mobile satellite communication system in low and medium orbit, etc.

Characteristics and application of 1. 1.2

Satellite communication has the characteristics of large communication area, long distance, wide frequency band and large capacity, that is, it can communicate with each other as long as it is between any two points within the coverage of radio waves emitted by satellites. Secondly, satellite communication has high reliability, good quality, low noise and strong maneuverability, that is, it is not easily affected by natural disasters; However, satellite communication has some problems, such as long transmission time, large echo and high cost [3].

At present, satellite communication is mainly used for TV broadcasting, long-distance overseas telephone calls, military communication and emergency communication. As a special communication technology, the basic positioning of satellite communication is bound to be an effective support, supplement and extension of the ground system [4], which plays an important role in communication in rural and remote areas, making it possible to achieve seamless coverage of global communication integration by land, sea and air. Combining the technical advantages of satellite communication such as broadcasting and multicast with modern Internet technology, we can give full play to IP-based multimedia long-distance transmission and high-speed connection, and effectively transmit broadband high-speed data services when the terrestrial Internet is congested. With the development of mobile Internet, the integration of satellite communication with 3G and 4G technologies will become an inevitable trend of satellite communication development.

1.2 wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN)

1.2. 1 overview

Wireless metropolitan area network is mainly used to solve the access problem of the whole city. Provide high-speed data transmission in the same city, as well as other multimedia communication services such as images and videos and Internet access services with wireless transmission as the medium and wireless access as the main means [5]. WiMax is a wireless MAN communication technology that has attracted much attention. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless access technology based on IEEE 802. 16 standard, which provides wired access for enterprises and families. The last mile? Wireless access. Coverage is larger than WLAN, which can cover several kilometers to dozens of kilometers.

Characteristics and application of 1.2.2

WiMax has the characteristics of long transmission distance, large coverage area and fast access speed. The wireless signal transmission distance of 50 kilometers that WiMax can reach is unmatched by WLAN. The coverage area of the network is 10 times that of the 3G tower [7], and the highest access speed of 70M is 30 times that of the broadband provided by 3G. In addition, WiMax has an efficient, flexible and economical networking mode and a relatively perfect Qos mechanism. It supports the characteristics of mobile and fixed broadband wireless access, which combines the mobility and flexibility of wireless access technology with the high bandwidth characteristics of traditional broadband access technologies such as DSL, and provides users with excellent last-mile network access services and extensive multimedia communication services. However, WiMax technology can't support users to switch seamlessly when moving. Compared with the mainstream 3G standards, there is still a gap in performance.

Based on the characteristics of WiMax, it can be used in telemedicine, distance education, logistics, finance, transportation and other industries to provide high-speed data communication services under certain conditions. From the business application point of view, WiMax is gradually realizing the mobility of broadband services, while 3G is realizing the broadband of mobile services. More and more multimedia communication services consume a lot of existing 3G network resources, which makes the investment in network construction far exceed the increase in income. WiMAX can effectively reduce operating costs on the basis of ensuring service quality. WiMax can't completely replace 3G, but its advantages in IP-based high-speed data applications make it a supplementary means for 3G networks, and the degree of integration between the two networks will be higher and higher.

1.3 wireless local area network (WLAN)

1.3. 1 overview

Wireless local area network (WLAN) is a local area network working in 2.5 GHz or 5 GHz band, which is composed of wireless or a combination of wireless and wired. It uses radio frequency technology and simple access architecture instead of traditional cable to provide the functions of traditional wired LAN, and it is a very convenient data transmission system. In short, wireless LAN is still based on wired LAN, which is just an extension and replacement of wired LAN by constructing a wireless communication network through wireless hubs, wireless access nodes (AP), wireless bridges, wireless network cards and other devices.

Characteristics and application of 1.3.2

Wireless local area network has the characteristics of convenient network layout, strong operability of network planning and adjustment, and easy network expansion. Only one or more access point devices are needed to build a network covering the whole area, and the infrastructure needed to build the network does not need to be hidden underground or in the wall, which is convenient for the optimal configuration, transformation and maintenance of the network. As long as the wireless signal can cover the area, users can access the network at any place and change their location at any time, which has strong flexibility and mobility. Most wireless LANs use radio waves as transmission medium and work in S-band, which makes them have good anti-interference and confidentiality and will not cause radiation damage to human body. But any obstacle will become an obstacle to electromagnetic propagation, and any other external electrical signal will become an interference source of local area network. Therefore, WLAN still has some shortcomings in performance, speed and security. The maximum transmission rate of WLAN is 54 Mbit/s[9], which is more suitable for small-scale networks with limited space, such as airport VIP rooms and stock halls. Secondly, it has a good application in the environment where wired network wiring is difficult, the environment where the network needs to be used temporarily, and special occasions with high requirements for real-time communication, such as inaccessible borders and ports. Wireless LAN can't be a complete whole network solution, but with the mature application of WLAN technology, it can be combined with WAN to provide users with mobile Internet applications and become a useful supplement to 3G networks.

1.4 wireless personal area network (WPAN)

1.4. 1 overview

WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) is a new wireless communication technology with small activity radius, rich services and seamless connection for specific people. Compared with wireless wide area network, wireless metropolitan area network and wireless local area network, its coverage is smaller, thus solving the problem effectively and comprehensively? Last few meters of cable? problem At present, Bluetooth is the mainstream technology in WPAN applications, and there are other technologies such as HomeRF, IrDA, RFID and UWB.

Characteristics and application of 1.4.2

Wireless personal area network has the characteristics of low power consumption, low cost and small size. Equipment and networking are simple, convenient and easy to operate, and support point-to-point and point-to-multipoint applications. Generally, the coverage of WPAN is within the radius of 10 m, which is a short-distance private wireless network. The representative Bluetooth technology has strong operability all over the world, because it uses the 2.4 GHz frequency band, which is an effective frequency band that can be used freely all over the world. Through authentication, encryption and other measures to ensure the uniqueness of equipment identification code in the world and the safety of equipment. However, there are various technical standards of WPAN, and all of them need continuous improvement and innovation.

WPAN is mainly used for wireless communication of personal, family and office equipment. It can establish information transmission among various mobile communication devices, fixed communication devices, computers and their terminal devices, and various digital data systems (such as digital cameras, digital video cameras, etc.). ) Even various household appliances in a small area use cheap wireless methods [10]. WPAN enables users to communicate seamlessly between devices anytime and anywhere, and can access the Internet conveniently and quickly through mobile networks, local area networks and metropolitan area networks. In the future, WPAN and WLAN will provide users with a complete short-distance wireless communication environment.

1.5 cellular network

1.5. 1 overview

Cellular networks divide the services of mobile phones into regular hexagonal cells, each with a base station. This structure is similar to one cell after another? Beehive? . Cellular technology is the foundation of mobile communication, so it is called cellular mobile communication. A cellular mobile communication system consists of a mobile station, a base station subsystem and a network subsystem. Cellular network is adopted as a wireless networking mode, and mobile terminals and network devices are connected through wireless channels, so that users can carry out voice and data communication services on the move.

Characteristics and application of 1.5.2

Hong Fengwo and microcellular are widely used cellular technology in cellular mobile communication system. The coverage radius of Hong Fengwo is large, mostly 1 ~ 25 km, but there are blind areas, which will cause interference when the radius of the cell decreases. Compared with Hong Fengwo, the coverage area of microcells is smaller, with a general coverage radius of 30 ~ 300 m, low emission power and convenient and flexible installation. They are mainly used to improve coverage and capacity. As a supplement and extension of Hong Fengwo, microcells provide users with better network coverage. Its main feature is the mobility of the terminal and a mature handover and roaming scheme. Frequency reuse technology, multiple access technology and mobility management technology promote the development of mobile communication services. With the development of network, cellular network has developed from the first generation cellular mobile communication system to the third generation cellular mobile communication system (3G), which has become a unified platform for network integration and service integration, and is also recognized as the core network architecture of the next generation network. 3G network skillfully combines voice communication with multimedia communication, which can support more users and provide higher data transmission rate. For example, the speed of HSPA has reached 7.2 mbit/s. However, the problems of high cost and low bandwidth are becoming more and more prominent.

Cellular system may be the most important communication medium in today's society. At present, 3G network can provide users with a wealth of application services, in addition to basic services such as telecom services and bearer services, it can also provide supplementary services such as call forwarding, call waiting and multi-party calling. Supported value-added service applications include web browsing, images, music, mobile games, mobile surfing, video conferencing, video on demand and various information services.

2 access network technology development trend

The current access network technology can provide users with abundant communication access means and ubiquitous access network services, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, the cellular network has a large coverage and the mobility management technology is mature, but the bandwidth is low and the construction cost is high; On the contrary, WLAN has high bandwidth and low cost, but its coverage is limited. In order to solve this problem, we need to make full use of the complementarity of different network technologies. Network convergence will become a key factor to promote the development of future mobile Internet. Access network is undergoing a dynamic transformation process, and heterogeneous wireless network convergence came into being.

2. 1 definition

Heterogeneous network is a kind of network composed of different computers, handheld terminals and other network devices and related systems. It runs on different protocols and supports different functions and applications. Heterogeneous wireless network convergence is an organic combination of existing wireless access technologies, which conforms to the design idea and development direction of multi-system convergence evolution of the next generation wireless communication network (4G network).

2.2 Features and Applications

Heterogeneous wireless network convergence technology has the advantages of low cost and low risk. It is the integration of existing access technologies, which can make full use of existing network resources and reduce construction and operation costs. Secondly, using the characteristics of different access technologies can increase the coverage of the network and effectively expand the network. For users, it is an inevitable trend for the next generation network to enjoy more comprehensive, rich and convenient mobile Internet services.

In recent years, industrial and academic circles are constantly studying the application of heterogeneous wireless network convergence. BARWAN plans to propose and implement a vertical handover scheme for multimode mobile terminals between wireless local area networks and wireless wide area networks. ETSI and 3GPP have conducted in-depth application research on the interconnection between 3G network and WLAN [2]. MOBYDICK discussed the integrated application of WLAN and mobile network in IPv6 network. In order to alleviate the impact of a large number of data services on the 3G network, domestic operators have also begun to transform the network, mainly applying 3G+WLAN to the network. For example, WLAN, as a wireless access network of 3G network, is connected to the 3G core network through a gateway, and enjoys the accounting authentication function and signaling protocol provided by the core network, thus realizing the interconnection between WLAN and 3G network and promoting the development of mobile Internet. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the integration of heterogeneous wireless networks, such as the interconnection of various access networks, seamless handover and other mobility management issues. The position of each functional entity in the network and the network architecture also directly determine the integration and practical application effect of the network. 3 Conclusion

The mobile Internet can provide almost all services except the traditional mini-homepage. The ARPU value of mobile Internet can reach 10 USD [1 1] in countries with good applications such as Korea and Japan. By the end of June 20 12, the number of mobile phone users in China had reached 388 million. Compared with 380 million desktop computers, mobile phones have surpassed desktop computers to become the largest Internet terminal for the first time. The number of mobile video users has surged, exceeding 1 100 million. The number of mobile phone users in Weibo increased significantly, and the utilization rate increased by 5.3 percentage points, reaching 43.8%[ 12]. All kinds of data show that? Ubiquitous network, omnipotent business? Has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

With the rapid growth of user scale, the mobile Internet industry will advance by leaps and bounds, which will certainly promote the integration and evolution of access network technology, and various wireless network access forms and applications will become the focus of research and development. It is believed that in the future, various independent wireless networks will be interconnected with the whole wired Internet, providing users with the next generation of mobile Internet services with wider coverage, richer applications and better services.

refer to

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Zeng Chunliang, Zhang Ning, Wang. Principle and application of WiMAX/802. 16 [M]. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 2007.

Sun Zhe. Wireless MAN Communication Technology IEEE802. 16 Protocol Architecture and Technical Features [J]. Computer CD Software and Application, 201(22): 9-10.

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[10] Cai Jun. Overview of wireless personal area network (WPAN) protocols [J]. Guangdong Communication Technology, 2002 (12): 2 1-23.

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[12] 30th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China [R]. Beijing: China Internet Information Center, 20 12(7).

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