From the etymological point of view, Heraclitus' earliest use of logos also refers to the "objective order" embodied in language, and is also said in the sense of "inevitability". Therefore, the original meaning of "logic" refers not only to "inference rules" but also to "inevitable inference rules". This is actually the significance of the division between logic and other disciplines. Just as many people in China today accuse economics of not studying "productive forces", it is illogical to insist on using logic to study the authenticity of its contents. If logic can study everything, it should be called "knowledge".
2. Write a well-organized and logical composition according to the following tips, dear teacher Zhang:
How are you? I'm fine.
I have been at school for a week. Washington is such a beautiful city. The weather here is warm and humid. As a city person, I can see many new and fashionable things in Washington. I love this city. My daily English homework is difficult, but I work hard and I do well. Therefore, I won the praise of my professors. After class, I play sports with my classmates. I learned a new sport here, American football. This is very attractive. My classes are all very friendly. Some are from China, others are from Japanese and Korean. We have a good learning atmosphere, because the students here are very diligent. We make full use of every opportunity to practice oral English. We talk in English both in class and after class. I have a good time here.
What about you? Is there anything interesting? I am looking forward to you!
XXX
3. What is the logical structure of an article? The logical structure of the article is the relationship structure between the parts of the article and between the parts and the whole. The change of article structure mode represents the difference of article writing mode. The article consists of three elements: central meaning, material and structure.
The central meaning is the "soul" of the article, which should be clear and correct; The material is "flesh and blood", which should be rich and reflect the center; Structure is the "skeleton" of the article, a means of planning the layout of the article, and a method of using materials to reflect the central idea.
Extended data
The structure of the article includes: total score structure, parallel structure, argument statement, comparison, progression and so on.
1, general branch structure
The relationship between all levels of the article is general statement and individual statement. There are three basic forms of this relationship:
(1) The first general point, the beginning of the article summarizes the overall appearance, basic characteristics or central point of the event to be described. Here are a few examples to describe in detail or put forward arguments from different angles to elaborate in detail.
② Divide first, then summarize;
(3) Always say it first, then say it separately, and then always say it again.
No matter which form is adopted, it should be noted that there must be a close internal relationship between the subsection and the general section. The subsection should be developed around the center of the general section, and the general section should be a general outline or natural generalization of the subsection.
2. Parallel structure
It is a structural writing method that describes events and things in parallel from several aspects, regardless of primary or secondary, or demonstrates the central argument at several parallel levels. It is characterized by dividing events, things or topics into several aspects to describe, explain and discuss, and each part is an independent and complete part, which is in parallel with other parts.
3. Statement of argument
Narrative structure of argumentative writing is a common structural mode. Articles often put forward the central argument at the beginning, and then demonstrate the central argument from different angles in the form of sub-arguments. This structural formula is clear and clear.
4. Contrast type
The structural form is one positive and one negative, one yin and one yang, one reality and one deficiency, and the contents are true and false, good and bad, beautiful and ugly, good and evil, or the structural form of commenting, expressing feelings and remembering people by comparing other counterparties.
5, gradual
When expounding the central argument, the relationship between all levels and paragraphs is interlocking and deepening step by step. The former part is the basis of the latter part, and finally draws the conclusion of the article.
4. A 450-word imaginary composition about the moon needs to be logical. The night is surprisingly quiet, only the stars in the sky and the moon sister are playing games.
Sister Moon is wearing a white gauze skirt; The reflected sunlight makes the night look like the day. Naughty star children play games around Sister Moon.
Suddenly, a big dark cloud came from a distance and covered Sister Moon. This time, the little stars are worried. Their bright eyes are flashing, and I don't know what to do.
Sister Moon comforted the little star in the dark clouds: "Children, go home and rest, and ask Uncle Feng for help tomorrow!" " "Hearing this, the children are more worried. How sad it would be for Sister Moon to be wrapped in dark clouds! But everyone couldn't think of any good way, so they had to go home.
On the way back, a little star named Mimi thought sadly, "Sister Moon must be very lonely in the dark clouds, and there is almost no oxygen in it. Maybe when Uncle Feng comes tomorrow, Sister Moon will suffocate. " He thought about it and slipped away before his friend. Mimi came to the original place and found Sister Moon crying. Mimi comforted her and said, "Sister Moon, don't cry, I'll help you out!" " "
Mimi suddenly remembered that grandpa had said that the only way to save Sister Moon was to burn herself and turn into a meteor to signal Uncle Feng. But how is that possible? Mimi thought: Mom and Dad are still waiting for me to go home! But I think there is only one moon, but there are countless stars. Without me, there are many partners to illuminate people! Yes, let's get started! Mimi made up her mind.
So Mimi lit herself with sparks and drew a big word "save" in the dark sky. Uncle Feng got the signal and immediately came to rescue Sister Moon. But Mimi has already fallen into the Milky Way and disappeared. Sister Moon sang a song sadly, singing her memories of Mimi, a star child. ...
5. Caring is the spring breeze that warms everyone's heart; Caring is the torch that illuminates everyone's journey; Caring is a clear spring that moistens everyone's heart; Caring is a harbor that comforts everyone who comes back from a long voyage.
Today, as usual, after dinner, I rode my bike around the community. I have full confidence in my driving skills. Unexpectedly, the tire slipped and fell to the ground with a bang. I tried to stand up, but my foot moved, and the pain became more and more severe, like a knife cutting like a needle, eroding every nerve of mine. Look carefully, it's broken! The blood on the right foot slowly flowed out, dyed red, shocking!
Oh, hey! "I grunted. Sit here? It will only make the injury worse. Besides, I may fall down after taking a step or two ... at this time, I am as anxious as an ant on hot bricks. What should I do ... my mind is in a mess, and I have no idea about these three words in my heart ...
I am eager for passers-by to help me, but everyone doesn't seem to see me and always leaves at a faster pace.
Suddenly, a big sister saw me. She quickly came over, then squatted down slowly and took out a pack of paper towels from her pocket, which seemed unused. He gently covered the paper towel on my wound, and suddenly, the whole paper towel was dyed red with blood. I was surprised: "Sister, why do you want to …" She smiled kindly: "Help others more." Then he left.
Just a stranger I met by chance, maybe I won't meet again after tomorrow. Why are you so kind to me? What's his purpose? Is it really just out of pure goodwill?
Although I have never seen my sister again, it is still deeply imprinted in my memory. Caring is something with infinite power, which can make a hopeless person become a strong person in the world. It may be a look, a smile, a greeting, but it makes people feel very warm; However, she may be a kind of dedication, a kind of selfless love, even a person's life, a person's everything, giving people an infinite sense of earth-shaking shock.
6. How to judge the logical order of expository texts and how to understand the order of expository texts?
Explanatory text order refers to determining a certain order of sentences and paragraphs in the process of explaining the characteristics of things or clarifying things, thus organizing the content of the article.
Because the description object is different, the focus and angle of interpretation are different, and the order of interpretation will be different.
Reasonable arrangement of interpretation order: to accurately and clearly explain the characteristics of things, we must also choose a reasonable order to explain according to the organizational structure and inherent characteristics of things themselves.
The common order of interpretation is: chronological order, spatial order, logical order.
The time sequence of explanation is similar to narrative, that is, the order of explanation content is determined according to the development process of things. This order is generally used to explain the growth process of organisms, the development process of science and technology, and the production process of products or handicrafts. For example, The Making of Cloisonne. Explaining the characteristics of things in chronological order can make the article coherent.
Spatial order's interpretation is based on the combination order of the components of things, or the order in which people observe things. The order of interpretation content is arranged according to the structure, direction and position of things, or up and down, or east, west, north and south, or from far to near, or from outside to inside, or from outside to inside.
The logical order of interpretation refers to determining the order of interpretation content according to the relationship between things or parts within things.
Although the relationship between things is complex, there are always causes and consequences, general, individual, universal and special. According to these, the author arranges the order of explaining the content, so that it is easy to make clear the relationship between things and introduce complex content in an orderly way.
It is worth mentioning that the order of interpretation used in explanatory texts is sometimes not single. When analyzing the order of explanatory texts, we can follow the following steps:
First of all, read through the full text, make clear the hierarchical structure of the article, and find out the interpretation order throughout the full text. It can usually be judged according to the relevant words in the text. For example, words indicating time sequence, mainly time nouns, are used to indicate changes in the morning and evening, changes in weather, changes in seasons, changes in history and so on. The words that represent spatial order include locative nouns and some adjectives, indicating the change of location and distance; Words that express logical order are generally conjunctions that mark the internal relations of things, such as "because" and "so".
Second, make clear the main order of the article, and then see if other explanation orders are applicable to the article. For example, in the article "Zhou Nan June Litchi Dan", the full text adopts the logical order of first, and the order of introducing litchi ecology is from outside to inside in spatial order.
Third, if there is no explanation order throughout the whole text, it is necessary to analyze whether there are primary and secondary explanations in the article. If there is no primary and secondary explanation order, it belongs to a special coordinate structure.
Fourthly, after clarifying the interpretation order of the full text, we will analyze whether the same interpretation order contains specific order changes from different angles. For example, in spatial order, from far to near is one kind, and from top to bottom is another.
In short, it is easy to think big and clear up the writing ideas when recognizing.
7. What is the logical structure of an article? The logical structure of the article is the relationship structure between the parts of the article and between the parts and the whole. The change of article structure mode represents the difference of article writing mode. The article consists of three elements: central meaning, material and structure.
The central meaning is the "soul" of the article, which should be clear and correct; The material is "flesh and blood", which should be rich and reflect the center; Structure is the "skeleton" of the article, a means of planning the layout of the article, and a method of using materials to reflect the central idea. The ways to expand the structure of information articles are: total score structure, parallel structure, argument statement, comparison, progressive structure and so on.
1, the relationship between all levels of the total score structure is the relationship between the total score table and the sub-table. There are three basic forms of this relationship: ① Summarize first and then divide. At the beginning, the article summarizes the overall appearance, basic characteristics or central point of view of the event to be described. Here are some examples from several aspects to describe in detail or put forward opinions from different angles to elaborate in detail.
② Divide first, then summarize; (3) Always say it first, then say it separately, and then always say it again. No matter which form is adopted, it should be noted that there must be a close internal relationship between the subsection and the general section. The subsection should be carried out around the center of the general section, and the general section should be the general outline or natural generalization of the subsection.
2. Parallel structure is a structural way of writing from several aspects, describing events and things in parallel, regardless of priority, or demonstrating the central argument at several parallel levels. It is characterized by dividing events, things or topics into several aspects to describe, explain and discuss, and each part is an independent and complete part, which is in parallel with other parts.
3. Argument statement Argument statement structure is a common structural model of argumentative writing. Articles often put forward the central argument at the beginning, and then demonstrate the central argument from different angles in the form of sub-arguments.
This structural formula is clear and clear. 4. Contrastive structure is one positive and one negative, one yin and one yang, one reality and one deficiency in form, and it is true and false, good and bad, beautiful and ugly, good and evil in content, or it is a structural form that compares other counterparties to comment, express their feelings and remember the narration of characters.
5. Progressive When expounding the central argument, the relationship between all levels and paragraphs is interlocking and gradual. The former part is the basis of the latter part, and finally draws the conclusion of the article.