The first "empty capsule" can be eaten when Bai Cui is bitter (1), and can be eaten when the morning glow is high (2).
The world is reckless, and my road is difficult.
The well is not frozen in the morning, but it is cold without a bed at night.
I'm afraid I'm shy [6]. If I'm free, I'll save a penny to see [7].
To annotate ...
(1) Bai Cui: Pine trees native to China.
(2) morning: a job? Ming? . G: a work? North Korea? .
(3) halogen (lǔ): pass? Reckless, if you steal.
(4) my way: I am loyal to the country.
⑸?(Cu？ N): Cook with fire.
[6] Empty bag: indicates that there is no money in the bag.
A penny at a time: A penny means very little money.
Vernacular translation
Even though cypress tastes bitter and the morning glow is high, it can still be eaten as a meal.
Most people in the world drag out an ignoble existence, so it is difficult for me to observe discipline.
There is no fire in the morning, the well water freezes, and it is difficult to keep out the cold without clothes at night.
Too poor to be afraid of jokes, you still have to leave a penny in your bag.
Creation background
This poem was written in the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (759). Du Fu abandoned his official position and moved to Tonggu, Qin Zhou (now Chengxian, Gansu). At this time, the war and turmoil have not subsided, and the poet's life is extremely difficult.
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First link? Bai Cui is bitter, but tomorrow is beautiful. The poet closely followed the theme of the poem and wrote two meanings. One is that he is down and out, so he has to eat cypress, and eat whatever he can. This is a clear meaning. In addition, there is another meaning. In the eyes of the ancients, Mingxia and Cuibai were both extraordinary things. Du Fu's words are from The Legend of the Immortals? Red pine nuts eat cypress trees? And Sima Xiangru's "Adult Fu"? Breathe the morning glow? . It shows that Du Fu was born in troubled times, hungry and cold, but still has different customs and noble character.
Repeatedly? This world is unbridled, is it difficult for me to go? , revealing the root cause of empty capsules. So-called? The world * * * halogen (lu) mang? Of many people living in peace. After the war broke out, the poet abandoned his home in Zhangzhou and went to Lingwu. He fell into the hands of the rebels halfway and was demoted for two rude remarks, but he? The fire is biased towards the sun, and the physical properties are difficult to grasp? Even in poverty, I still keep roads and festivals. Here, what did Du Fu say? My way? Is unwilling to go straight, loyal and brave to serve the country. In the two sentences of antithesis, Du Fu's noble and kind character has been clearly highlighted.
Neck chain? No freezing in the morning, no bed at night? And then write about poverty. All authors follow? Cold? Words enter the pen. The last sentence says? No? , not because? Did the well freeze in the morning? But because there is no food. In severe winter, there is no rice in the morning, and it is difficult to resist the cold at night, which shows that it is poor.
Tail joint? I'm afraid I'll be shy when I'm empty. I might as well leave a dollar to read it. Point out? Empty sac? Topic. This couplet is very humorous. The poet is penniless and penniless, but he still has to leave some money in an empty bag in case others laugh. This is an abnormal phenomenon in itself. It is with this seemingly relaxed and humorous sentence that the author exaggerates his heavy and bitter feelings. Shen Hanguang commented on Du:? Every time Duke Du encounters something abandoned, he always says that it has something to do with temperament, such as sick horses and dismounting. (Quoted from Zhu Qiu Du Fu's Poems).
These five laws and measures are dull, and the harmony between Zhuang and Zhuang comes out. See the couplet clearly. Zhuang language and couplets express their feelings in harmonious language, which complement each other. And syllable inflections are a inflectional law, such as the first couplet? Bai Cui is bitter, but tomorrow is beautiful. Two sentences, one level and one single, do not seek homophonic; Bend down and pick up the cypress, which tastes bitter. This sentence correspondingly quarreled, and Mingxia can eat with her head held high, which means a lot. This sentence corresponds to silence, which is full of sound and emotion.
The second part shows the concern of Li Bai and Qiu Lai, but he is still floating, and he is not ashamed of Ge Hong's cinnabar.
Crazy songs, empty life, who is domineering?
To annotate ...
Floating crowns, herbs, leaves like willow leaves, small white flowers, withered roots in autumn, floating in the wind. Therefore, it is often used to describe the erratic movements of people. At that time, Li Bai and Du Fu were both frustrated in their official careers, wandering together and homeless, so they took the floating canopy as a metaphor.
Not successful, not successful. Cinnabar is cinnabar. Taoism believes that refining sand into medicine can prolong life. Ge Hong, a Taoist priest in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, went to Luofushan for alchemy. Li Bai is a good fairy. He once made an alchemy by himself, and got the medicine from a Taoist priest in qi zhou. Tao Tao? (initiation ceremony). Du Fu also crossed the Yellow River and went to Wuwangshan to visit Taoist Hua Gaijun, but he was disappointed because Hua Gaijun was dead. Neither of them has achieved anything in learning Tao, so? Ge Hong is shameless? .
Domineering, unconventional, wild and unruly. It is used as a commendatory term here.
Vernacular translation
When we leave in autumn, we look at each other and float around like a flying canopy. I am really ashamed that Ge Hong, an alchemist in the Western Jin Dynasty, did not seek immortality. Drinking and singing happily every day is a waste of time. Who is a hero like you for?
Creation background
In the early summer of 744 AD, Du Fu and Li Bai, who had just been given money by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, met in Luoyang and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng City and Shangqiu City, Henan Province). In 745 AD (the fourth year of Tianbao), they went to Zhao Qi together, and they went hunting together, wrote poems and papers, and became brothers. This autumn, Du Fu and Li Bai broke up in Luxian County (now Yanzhou, Shandong Province), and Du Fu wrote this poem as a gift. In the poem, they lamented that they were wandering and learned nothing. ? Drink? The word "two characters" is not only an exhortation to good friends, but also a warning to themselves, which shows the sincerity of their friendship. This is the earliest quatrain in Du Fu's existing poems. Du Shi Jing Quan quotes Jiang Wei:? This is a portrait of Bai Yisheng. The public gives the most white poems, and this poem is the simplest and enough. ?
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This poem was written in the autumn of 745 AD. At this time, Li Bai was rejected by traitors, and he traveled to Qilu in Kyoto and met Du Fu. This autumn, Li Bai also wrote the poem "Send Du Lujun to the East Shimen". Shi Yun:? Flying over the eaves and walking on the wall, looking at each other from afar, the cup is in hand. ? The poet's deep feelings of parting were revealed from the stream. Does this have anything to do with Du Fu's poems? Is Qiu Lai still floating? Sentences, you can refer to. Returning the money to Li Bai, I was glad to meet Du Fu in Shandong, and I had the same bumpy experience, so I felt the same.
On the surface, this poem seems as if Du Fu is trying to persuade Li Bai to concentrate on alchemy and seek immortality like Taoist Ge Hong, not to waste time by drinking crazy songs, and why he should be bossy and dominate others. In fact, this poem by Du Fu has a moral: Li Bai despises powerful people, leaves in a hurry and is reduced to exile. Although he drinks crazy songs every day, he is not appreciated by the rulers; Although the heart is full of men, but why dominate? Although there are talents who help the world, how to display them? Du Fu's admiration is full of emotion and sadness. So he complained about his resentment, and even put forward a seemingly complaining inquiry in a rhetorical tone, but it was unfair. His feelings are not only for Li Bai, but also for himself.
This poem shows a crazy word and a proud word. Proud and rough, this is Du Fu's portrayal of Li Bai. In A Gift for Li Bai, the arrogant style, strength and tolerance are highlighted, and Li Bai's spirit and oh, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to the high official Hou Lu? This is the poetic eye and essence of this poem. It is not only in line with Du Fu's other poems praising Li Bai, but also vividly reveals Li Bai's character and temperament.
This seven-line poem is gloomy, cadence and ups and downs. The last sentence uses a rhetorical tone to push the whole poem to a climax. Qian paid special attention to this when commenting on this poem in the early Qing dynasty? Flying around? Not to mention another sentence, it can be described as a unique eye, which also shows its important value in the whole poem: according to jiao, good vertical and horizontal techniques. Without Ren Xia, there are several people with hands and blades, so the talents are domineering. Clouds fly all their lives. All the old notes are absurd. ? (Volume 9 of Zhu Qian Du Fu's Poems) It means to praise Li Bai's chivalrous spirit from a new angle and side and highlight it? Flying around? The frivolity. Qiu's Notes on Zhao Ao says:? Flying, floating. Domineering, strong beam. On Shuo Wen: Hu and Wei Ye. Domineering, like a fish flapping its tail ? (Detailed Explanation of Du Fu's Poems, Volume 1) Although this is a sentence annotation, it is used to symbolize Li Bai's bold spirit in To Li Bai.
This poem is concise and full of charm. In order to strengthen the rhythm and momentum of the whole poem cycle, it is necessary to use? Drink? Right? Crazy song? ,? Flying? Right? Domineering? ; And then what? Drinking crazy songs? With what? Flying around? ,? Live empty? With what? For who? Two against two. This formed a flying atmosphere, further highlighting Li Bai's lofty sentiments and wildness.
Introduction to Appreciation of Du Fu's Tang Poems in Farewell, Farewell.
Farewell is a five-character poem written by Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, when he left Qin Zhou (now Tianshui, Gansu). This poem vividly describes the feeling of parting by line drawing, and sets off the sad state of the world and the lonely state of the soul when leaving with deep friendship. The tone of the poem is quiet and elegant. The poet saw the scene of social decline at that time very thoroughly, expressed infinite feelings for the indifference of human feelings, and highlighted the poet's love and concern for life.
original text
fire
Wearing armor all over the sky Hu ①, preach ②!
Relatives and friends cry (3), pommel horse goes to the lonely city (4).
The vegetation is late, and the river is clear with frost and snow.
Parting was yesterday, because I saw the feelings of the ancients [6].
To annotate ...
(1) Armored soldier: A soldier who is fully armed. "Mandarin? About Vietnamese: Five thousand men in armor will die. ?
Hu Weiwei: What is it and why? The Book of Songs? Hurricane? Decline:? Because of Wei Jun, Hu Weiwei was exposed.
(3) relatives and friends: relatives and friends. Tang Du Fu's poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower":? There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat. ?
(4) Isolated cities: remote and isolated urban villages or towns. This refers to Qin Zhou (now Tianshui, Gansu).
5] Guanhe: Guanshan River. "Once"? Yu xunchuan:? This is the world's most important Tianjin, and the general's Guan He is also. ?
⑹? Separation? Two words: Because I think of the sadness when the ancients left, I will still think of the scene of leaving yesterday.
Vernacular translation
Heaven and earth seem to be soldiers in armor. Why should I travel when the war is turbulent?
My relatives and friends were in tears, and I rode away from the lonely city of Qin Zhou.
The vegetation is dying, and the time has entered the year; The river is deserted, and frost and snow are falling along the way.
Although I left yesterday, I am still a little sad to see this situation.
Creation background
This song "Farewell" was written by Du Fu in Gan Yuan for two years (759), when the Tang Dynasty was in an Anshi Rebellion. ? Send it far? In other words, the poet Du Fu left during the war and set foot on Shu Road. Pu Qilong thinks this poem? Send it yourself without saying anything? Work.
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The first sentence begins with a question. ? Flying around in armor? It means there are soldiers everywhere. From the beginning, this poem attracted readers' attention with novel language and vigorous brushwork. The second sentence? Jun? Point to the poet himself. The author asks himself why in such an era of war and chaos? Travel far? .
? Family and friends? Write two sentences about the scene at the time of departure. My relatives and friends cried in unison, because they wanted to leave the chaos. I don't know if they can meet again. And the poet stood up silently? Pommel horse? After all, he actually said goodbye to the whole city with tears in his eyes. I cried loudly, while silently' swallowing', and my sadness was just in front of me.
? Vegetation? The two periods tell the time and feelings of a long journey. ? Vegetation? Scattered, when the twilight. ? Frost and snow fell, and the river was deserted. This is the scenery on the road after bidding farewell to relatives and friends. This link? How many years? The word "ping" should be used. For the sake of content, the poet broke through the norms of temperament, using all the words in the previous sentence and the word "ping" in the next sentence. Describing the journey of winter in awkward language has become a model of Du Fu's Five Laws, which is worth learning.
? Separation? Recall the friendship between relatives and friends in two sentences. With relatives and friends? Separation? Although? Already? Become? Yesterday? Because of unforgettable feelings, just like today. Is this okay? Goodbye? ,? The ancients? Is saying goodbye deep? Love? Considerate. It says here. The ancients? In fact, it means that today's world is cold and human feelings are weak.
Poetry? Send it far? For the topic, but from the last four sentences, do you think this is the way to do it? (in Puqilong). So, the first four sentences should be? What happened when I got up from the road? (in Puqilong). Shen Deqian praised the beginning of this poem? How to start? Pu Qilong is more useful? Sad song? The first four sentences of four-word fame.
Du Fu left Qin Zhou and entered Shu Dao during the war, but he had no clear purpose. Even though my relatives and friends were there when I left? A cry? But no one sent poems, and the scene was quite bleak. Be strong? Good color? , him? Later, I wrote this masterpiece. Does this have anything to do with his fourteen years (755 years)? Avoid Hexi Wei, and lead the government soldier Cao as the right guard? When writing "drama after formal decision", it is a bit similar. The difference is that this poem was written on the eve of An Shi Rebellion, purely out of travel? Play? Pen and ink, and? Does Wei Lu drink? ,? Chant? , still for? Therefore, the mountain returns to Xing? ,? Looking back at the wind? . And this poem was written in An Shi Rebellion. Flying around in armor? Right now. ? Pommel horse? Entering Shu, the road ahead is boundless, and I still don't know where to go. Joe? Who doesn't swim with pen and ink at all? Play? Leisure. Aftertaste? Yesterday? Say goodbye to the scene, think? Meet the ancients? Say goodbye to love? Meaning, no wonder? Sad song? Sing loudly.
From the artistic point of view, the main artistic features of this poem are: First, the integration of front and back. Secondly, the scene is meticulous and touching. Third, the combination of reality and fiction enhances the lyrical effect. Fourth, contrast description to enhance the expressive force of emotion.
Chapter 4 "Wang Yue" Author: Du Fu
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is!
Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
The creator endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance,
And then what? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. ..
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy,
Birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes ..
Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see,
All the other mountains are dwarfed under the sky. ..
To annotate ...
Yue: This refers to Mount Tai, the first of the five mountains, and the other four mountains are Xiyue: Huashan; Beiyue: Hengshan; Nanyue: Hengshan; Zhongyue: Songshan Mountain.
Daizong: Mount Tai, also known as Daishan or Daiyue, is located in the north of Tai 'an City, Shandong Province. In ancient times, Mount Tai was the head of the five mountains, and all the mountains lived there, so it was also called? Dai zong? . Emperors who held closed Zen ceremonies in previous dynasties were all in this mountain, referring to the honorific title of Mount Tai.
Dave: Reading? F. Pronunciation words have no practical meaning, and the interrogative tone is emphasized.
Husband: How about it?
Qi and Lu: Ancient Qilu was bounded by Mount Tai, with Qi in the north and Lu in the south, that is, Shandong. Originally, it was the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, so the land of Qilu was later called Shandong.
Green: refers to the green mountains.
Unfinished: endless, continuous.
Unfinished: it means gloomy mountains, boundless, and it's hard to say anything.
Nature: This refers to nature.
Zhong: Assemble.
Shen Xiu: the aura of heaven and earth.
Yin and Yang: Yin refers to the north of the mountain and Yang refers to Shan Zhinan.
Cut: points. An exaggeration. Mount Tai is very high, and at the same time, the south of the mountain is different from the north sooner or later.
Dusk: Dusk and morning.
Swing your chest: purify your mind.
Zeng: child? Layer? (See People's Education Edition, Eighth Edition, Chinese)
Decide (z? ): The corner of my eye is (almost) splitting. This is because you try to open your eyes and overlook the mountains.
Affirmation: points.
Incoming: income, that is, see.
Will be: should, eventually, must.
Ling: The board of directors. Ling climbed to the top, that is, climbed to the highest peak.
Xiao: What does the conative usage of adjectives mean? Think small, think small? .
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This poem is an early work of Du Fu, which was written about 24 years after the early year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (736). At this point, the poet is? Between the dissolute Qi and Zhao, Qiu Ma is quite crazy, isn't she? . When he traveled to Shandong, he was attracted by the magnificent scenery of Mount Tai and wrote this poem "Looking at Yue". The poem vividly depicts the majestic momentum of this famous mountain with full enthusiasm and expresses the lofty sentiments and ambitions of the author when he was young.
The first six sentences actually describe the scenery of Mount Tai. The first sentence? What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Cover the following with rhetorical questions. Two words? Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. ? Ask yourself and answer yourself, and vividly tell the vastness and lofty of Mount Tai. ? Green? The word is castle peak. Is it over? Explain that the mountains and rivers are vast and green. This is a vision.
Three or four sentences is the recent trend. ? The creator endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance? It is said that Mount Tai is so beautiful, as if nature has gathered all the magical beauty here. Clock? The words are vivid and powerful. ? And then what? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. ? It highlights the towering Mount Tai, so high that it divides the south and north of the mountain into two worlds: light and darkness. ? Cut? The word image is just right, which gives vitality to the towering mountains.
Five or six sentences are close-up, from static to static. ? Caiyun lave? Free and easy in my chest? Describe the stacked clouds on the mountainside, so that the soul can be cleansed and the clouds can rise. Stratus cloud? Set off the height of the mountain. ? Birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. ? It is staring at the birds flying back to the mountains with wide eyes, showing the depth of the mountainside. One? Become? The words are clever and vivid, as if birds come slowly from a distance and leave slowly, which shows the depth of the mountainside.
The feeling of climbing the mountain in the last two times is still? Hope? , not? Deng? It is the author's wish to see the scenery and board the plane. ? Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see? Are you online? Ling? Word, shows the author's determination and heroism. ? All the other mountains are dwarfed under the sky. ? In the poet's imagination, he climbed to the top of the mountain and looked around. Other mountains look very low in front of Mount Tai, setting off the height of Mount Tai.
What is the title of this poem? Wang Yue? Hold on to the whole article? Hope? Write a scene, write a scene, and set off one everywhere? Tall? Words. Thus, the myriad scenery and majestic momentum of Mount Tai are rendered incisively and vividly, making people feel as if they were in the scene. Therefore, the poem "Looking at the Moon" has become a good description of Mount Tai in the past dynasties and has been widely praised by people.