Abstract: Establishing a physical model quickly and accurately is the premise and foundation for dealing with physical problems. However, the physical problems related to life and technology are often complicated, so it is not easy to establish the corresponding physical model quickly. This requires teachers to pay attention to cultivating students' awareness of modeling in the teaching process, so that students can master some basic methods of constructing physical models, thus improving students' ability to deal with practical problems.

Keywords: idealization of physical model and mathematical method of simplifying analogy

Since Galileo and Newton, physics has been the sharpest weapon to develop science and technology and transform life. With the successful launch of Shenzhou series spacecraft, physical, life and technical issues are becoming a hot topic. As far as senior high school is concerned, this kind of problems are solved by establishing physical models: that is, by using idealization, simplification, analogy, mathematical methods and other means, complex practical problems are transformed into physical language and physical methods, so as to get the correct answers to the questions. If students lack model consciousness, they will be easy to simplify and be at a loss.

Establishing physical model with idealized method

Idealization is one of the basic physical thinking methods. There are many idealized models in high school physics, such as smoothness, particle, simple pendulum, point charge, uniform linear motion, uniform circular motion, elastic collision, spring oscillator and so on. These idealized physical models are classic models summarized by people in their long-term production, life and scientific research activities, which in turn play an important guiding role in dealing with practical problems in production, life and scientific research. We know that practical problems in life are often complicated. If we can idealize practical problems under certain conditions and construct corresponding physical models, we can not only effectively solve problems, but also deepen students' understanding of physical concepts and laws and cultivate students' thinking strategies and skills in dealing with practical problems.