In many aspects of personal growth, when it comes to papers, everyone is certainly familiar with them. A thesis refers to an article that conducts research in various academic fields and describes the achievements of academic research. So, have you understood this paper? The following is my carefully organized paper on engineers, hoping to help you.

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the deepening of environmental protection concepts such as green environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction, how to make building electricity truly meet the requirements of energy saving has become a focus of attention of relevant people. In order to make building electricity meet the requirements of energy saving, on the one hand, it is necessary to effectively improve its operating efficiency, on the other hand, it is necessary to minimize energy loss without affecting the quality of the project. According to my years of architectural design experience and thinking about building electrical energy saving, this paper finally summarizes some effective measures for building electrical energy saving, so that building electrical energy can truly meet the requirements of energy saving.

Keywords: building electricity; Energy saving design; energy-saving measures

As we all know, China is a populous country with huge resource consumption. However, in the face of limited energy reserves, the country has to increase the propaganda of energy conservation, and to achieve sustainable development, energy conservation is also a very important issue. Because the energy-saving problem of building electricity is related to the vital interests of every household, the designer of building electricity must fully consider the energy-saving problem when carrying out relevant design. In this paper, some effective measures of building electricity in energy-saving design are discussed, so that building electricity can truly save energy.

1 Keep the power supply system in high working efficiency.

1. 1 reduces the energy loss in the line.

The lines mentioned here refer to power supply lines and distribution lines. In order to meet the requirements of energy saving, both lines have their own different methods. The energy-saving method in power supply line is mainly to reduce the resistance in the line. Generally, when the cross-section of cable increases, the resistance value of resistor will decrease correspondingly, which will increase some costs. However, in order to meet the requirements of energy saving, the best value of cross-section can only be calculated with the help of computer software to create the best energy saving effect at the lowest cost. Distribution lines should try to avoid long-distance transmission. Therefore, when setting up a substation, we should try to choose a place not far from the load center, which can effectively avoid the energy loss caused by long-distance transmission.

1.2 Reduce active power loss of transformer

In order to reduce the loss of active power of transformer, the transformer with good energy-saving effect should be considered when selecting transformer. With the continuous progress of science and technology, amorphous alloy transformers have been widely used now, and practice has proved that their energy-saving effect is very good. Secondly, the number and capacity of transformers are also critical, because only when the power load matches the capacity can the operation efficiency be effectively improved.

1.3 Try to avoid harmonic pollution.

Because harmonic pollution will reduce the quality of power supply, increase the loss of electric energy, and eventually lead to great waste of electric energy, corresponding measures should be taken in the design to avoid harmonic pollution. There are two general solutions. One is reserved harmonic compensation device, which is used for harmonic compensation when harmonic pollution occurs. The second is to transform the related devices of harmonic sources to minimize the generation of harmonics.

2 Make the lighting system more energy-efficient.

In order to make the lighting system more energy-efficient, designers must make full use of light energy and minimize the loss of light energy in the lighting system without affecting the normal vision and lighting quality of residents. Generally, the following energy-saving measures are taken in the lighting system.

2. 1 Make the lighting more scientific and reasonable.

Today, when green environmental protection is advocated, the design of lighting mode must also meet the requirements of green environmental protection, in which natural lighting is a typical example. In order to ensure that natural lighting can achieve good lighting effect, building electrical designers can communicate with architectural designers to achieve the perfect combination of indoor lighting and natural lighting, and at the same time formulate a scientific and reasonable daylighting standard to effectively control the utilization rate of general lighting, and try to supplement other lighting systems, such as mixed lighting, uneven lighting, flexible lighting, etc., so as to make the lighting method more scientific and reasonable.

2.2 Choose the most suitable and efficient light source.

In order to make the lighting system more energy-saving, the choice of light source is also a problem that can not be ignored in the design process. According to different places, the lighting power, lighting standards and visual requirements are clearly defined in the lighting design specifications, and the lighting standards shall not be modified at will. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the most suitable and efficient lighting source for various places without affecting the lighting effect. If the space of the use place is high, empty or the use area is large, an efficient gas discharge light source, such as a high-pressure sodium lamp or a metal halide lamp, should be selected. If it is a general place of use, you can choose high-efficiency fluorescent lamps or compact fluorescent lamps. Only by choosing suitable and efficient light sources according to the characteristics of different places can lighting energy-saving be realized to the greatest extent.

2.3 Lighting control energy-saving settings

When designing lighting, whether the setting of lighting control is reasonable will directly affect the effect of lighting energy saving. First of all, the lighting control system can realize intelligent control and automatic control, and realize energy saving by effectively controlling invalid lighting; Secondly, the control of lamps and lanterns switches should try to avoid the form of one control and many controls (that is, one switch controls multiple lamps), and try to control the switches in groups so as to select the lighting brightness of lamps and lanterns according to the actual situation.

3. Strengthen operation management to improve the effect of electrical energy saving.

3. 1 Application of Operation Management System in Low Energy Consumption Equipment

The definitions of low-energy equipment and high-energy equipment are actually relative. For example, compared with elevators or air conditioners with high energy consumption, computers, televisions, drinking fountains, corridor lights and printers are all low-energy equipment. However, although these devices have low energy consumption, they are frequently used, so if they are used for a long time, the problem of energy saving is also very important. Usually, we use automatic management systems to achieve the purpose of energy saving, such as computers, televisions and printers, and their closing time can be controlled through function settings. In addition, we can change the corridor lighting switch to acousto-optic control, which can not only effectively avoid the waste of resources, increase the service time of equipment, but also control the energy consumption to a minimum and reduce the work intensity of equipment maintenance personnel.

3.2 Adjust the power load by operating the management system.

For transformers, the load should generally be kept at a relatively low level. When the power load is at the peak, the operation management system of electrical equipment should be optimized, and then with the help of this management system, all electrical equipment in the building should be set according to their operation conditions to determine their priority operation order. This management method can not only give full play to the advantages of equipment, but also optimize its running time and state, thus effectively improving the utilization efficiency of equipment.

3.3 Improve the quality of managers and use the energy system rationally.

There are two very important factors to make the operation management achieve the expected effect. One is to improve the quality of managers, and the other is to use the energy use system reasonably. The reason to improve the quality of managers is that only when the management level of managers reaches a certain level can they give full play to the advantages of many energy-saving systems. Therefore, for the managers who run the system, it is necessary to carry out relevant professional training on a regular basis and adopt the system of holding certificates. Only in this way can the overall quality of managers be fundamentally improved; The function of energy consumption system in building electrical energy saving can not be ignored. It should first calculate the total energy consumption of one year, and then compare it with the total energy consumption of the previous year. When an abnormal situation is found, the fault must be eliminated promptly, quickly and effectively. Secondly, the average pole value of energy consumption must be calculated regularly in similar buildings. If the calculation result is higher than the energy consumption reference value, the existing problems in energy saving should be analyzed and improved in time. In particular, some key energy-using units should organize special energy auditors to audit and then give effective energy-saving schemes. This method has been verified by many parties, and it has a remarkable energy-saving effect and is economical and practical.

4 conclusion

To sum up, in order to achieve the goal of sustainable development, environmental protection and energy saving must go deep into every field, and building electricity has great potential in energy saving. Therefore, when designing electrical appliances, designers of building electrical appliances must give full consideration to energy conservation without affecting normal use, and ensure energy conservation of building electrical appliances with advanced science and technology, practical and efficient equipment and professional management personnel. Building electricity saving can not only effectively reduce energy consumption, but also effectively reduce economic costs in the long run. Therefore, building electrical designers should give full consideration to energy conservation in the design process, and make contributions to the sustainable development, environmental protection and energy conservation of China.

refer to

Zhu Jinfeng. Discussion on technical points of building electrical energy-saving design [J]. Engineering construction and design, 2012,8.

[2] Ren Chengde. Discussion on various measures to realize building electrical energy saving [J]. Architecture and Engineering, 20 12, 29.

[3] Lin Yong. Analysis on the design method of building electrical energy saving [J]. Trade Union Expo, 20 1 1, 8.

Abstract: A fitter is a type of work that uses fitter tools, drilling machines, etc. to process, trim and assemble workpieces according to technical requirements. Among the locksmith's operation skills, filing is the most demanding and important operation, and it is also the most important operation to ensure the machining accuracy, and it is also difficult to master in training. To improve the quality of filing, we should comprehensively consider four aspects: operation posture, filing method, file selection and measurement method.

Keywords: fitter filing method filing quality

Fitter is a type of work that uses fitter tools, drilling machines, etc. Machining, trimming and assembling workpieces according to technical requirements. It is characterized by strong flexibility, wide working range and strong skill, and the skill level of the operator directly affects the processing quality. In today's mechanical automation, fitters mainly rely on manual operation and are applied to the processing of single or precision parts, molds, templates and so on. Locksmiths play an important role in national economic construction. Such as assembly and debugging, installation and maintenance, tool manufacturing, etc.

The basic work of the fitter includes marking, chiseling, sawing, filing, drilling, reaming, sinking, reaming, tapping, bending correction, riveting, scraping, grinding, technical measurement, simple heat treatment, etc. , and can assemble, debug and maintain parts or machines.

Among the locksmith's operation skills, filing is the most demanding and important operation, and it is also the most important operation to ensure the machining accuracy, and it is also difficult to master in training. In more than ten years of teaching, through continuous exploration and study, some operational points have been summarized:

1 Master the correct operating posture and practice the basic skills.

In plane filing, the running track of the file is a horizontal line, which is difficult for most students to master in a short time. At this stage, students in the same group are used to check each other. By correcting each other's wrong posture and listening to their own corrections, we can abandon the defects in filing as soon as possible and cultivate the correct sense of body in filing posture.

2 archiving methods include cross archiving, forward archiving and forward archiving.

Straight file is the most basic file method, which is used for small plane and final file to get straight tool marks. When the file is scribed, the contact surface between the file and the workpiece is large, so the file is easy to grasp stably, and the convexity and concavity of the file surface can be judged from the scribe marks. When the filing margin is large, cross filing can be generally used in the early stage of filing to improve work efficiency. Push file, when the long and narrow face of the file or the use of the forward file is blocked, you can use the push file. When pushing the file, the moving direction is not the cutting direction of the file teeth, so the hand strength can not be fully exerted, so the cutting efficiency is not high, and it is only suitable for occasions with small file allowance. Among these three kinds of filing, forward filing is the most widely used. In plane filing, how to ensure the smoothness of the filing surface is the difficulty of filing. Incorrect filing method or inaccurate measurement will lead to blind filing, and it is difficult to achieve the accuracy required by the drawings. At this time, many students will lose confidence, resulting in poor teaching effect. After a long time of thinking, I found that the reason for blind filing is that it is difficult to judge and observe the high point of filing. In view of this phenomenon, I contact the grinding point in scraping, use a file instead of the standard abrasive tool, use a vertical cross file to display the high point of the filing surface, and repeatedly operate the step of displaying the point-removing the high point, so that students can master the flatness control in plane filing in a short time.

The filing of dimensional accuracy is based on mastering the flatness filing. In order to control the dimensional accuracy, it is very important to know the file volume of each file of ordinary files. For example, the file size of 12 inch 1 is about 0.0 1-0.03mm under normal filing (Q235 material is 10mm thick). This data is calculated by the number of filing layers recorded in machining allowance1mm.

In the training, let the students file 1mm repeatedly and record the number of layers of the file. This data will be different because of students' personal differences, and then we can get the file volume of each file through simple calculation. With these data, we can know fairly well and deal with them calmly. This method has been well applied in practice, which also enables students to master the control of dimensional accuracy as soon as possible, thus stimulating their interest in learning fitter skills.

3 the choice of file thickness should be reasonable

There are five thickness specifications for filing lines: 1 No.-5, 1No. is the thickest and No.5 is the thinnest. According to the requirements of surface roughness and dimensional accuracy, the operator should select file numbers with different thicknesses for rough machining, semi-rough machining and finish machining respectively. This process is the key to leave a suitable machining allowance for the next process. If the allowance is too large, it will affect the efficiency, and if it is too small, it will affect the surface roughness. The file marks in the previous process can't be removed, and the required surface roughness can't be achieved. The selection method is coarse first and then fine. Using 1 file as much as possible in the rough machining stage can quickly remove most of the allowance and improve the machining efficiency. When the coarse file is close to the mark, use No.2 or No.3 file. When the allowance is about 0. 1mm, according to the surface roughness requirements on the drawings, choose No.4 or No.5 document for processing.

The measurement method should be correct and the measurement timing should be accurate.

In the processing of pliers, measurement is an important step to detect the processing quality. Filing requires a lot of precision. Sometimes there is a big difference between one more file and one less file, which can be described as "a tiny difference, a thousand miles away." Therefore, in order to improve filing skills, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of size awareness and precision awareness. This awareness is also gradually cultivated through repeated training and practice, including the ability to observe, judge and make decisions. Observation is a sensory skill, and it can also be said to be an empirical skill. Correct observation can find problems in time. When judging, use various measuring tools, such as knife edge ruler, feeler, square ruler, vernier caliper, micrometer, etc. First, ensure the accuracy of measuring tools before measurement, and ensure measurement by zeroing or recording errors. When measuring, use the measuring tool correctly, stabilize the workpiece, and put the measuring position in an orientation convenient for inspection. Read quickly and accurately. Repeated measurement will increase unnecessary auxiliary time, so it is particularly important to grasp the measurement opportunity. In practical work, we must check it in time: the accuracy of the workpiece mainly includes three aspects: first, the accuracy of shape and position: detecting the straightness and flatness of the plane, using the knife edge ruler to check it by light transmission method, and checking more parts and diagonals; Check the tolerance of verticality and parallelism of the plane, check it with a square through the light transmission method, select the datum plane, and then check other surfaces. During inspection, the square should not be placed obliquely, otherwise the inspection result will be inaccurate; Second, check the dimensional accuracy. According to the size requirements, measure several times at different positions with a steel ruler, vernier caliper or micrometer. Thirdly, to detect the roughness of the surface, you can generally observe it with your eyes or check it with a surface roughness template. In addition, on the basis of investigation, we must make scientific decisions. Every time we go to the next step, we should think carefully and look for solutions to the problems found before. Whether the decision is correct or not will directly affect the machining of the workpiece. If the decision is wrong, it will complicate the processing technology of the workpiece and sometimes even cause waste. It can be seen that the cultivation of decision-making is also the sublimation of skills and the core of creating accurate workpieces.

The author thinks that we must grasp two links well. One is the size recheck after marking to avoid the inevitable failure of subsequent processing due to the wrong marking size. The second is to increase the number of measurements in the semi-finishing and finishing stages, while in the rough machining stage, the machining allowance is basically determined by marking, so as to measure as little as possible or not, which will greatly improve the machining efficiency.

In addition, the improvement of filing quality must be combined with careful observation and hard training of operators, and constantly establish a working style of Excellence and down-to-earth and a meticulous and rigorous working attitude. These are some small experiences that I have summed up in my teaching activities over the years. If there is anything wrong, please give your colleagues more valuable advice.

References:

[1] locksmith technology and skill training, edited by Xu Dongyuan.

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