Up to now, China society is a very different society. This gap has a long history, and one of the outstanding problems in China today is still the extreme imbalance of political and economic development. In the same historical period, there were both very primitive farming communities and post-industrial developed communities that reached the level of Europe and America, such as Pudong community in Shanghai. Such a disparity in social structure is rare in the world. Generally speaking, the living standard, lifestyle, infrastructure and capital investment in cities are incomparable to those in rural areas. In particular, the backward rural areas in the central and western regions are in sharp contrast with some developed cities in the east. Take the consumption difference between urban and rural residents as an example. Before the reform and opening up, the consumption level of urban residents in China was about 2.6-2.8 times that of rural residents. In the early and middle 1980s, the economic gap between urban and rural areas has narrowed to 2.2-2.3 times. However, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the gap tended to return, that is, the consumption level of urban residents was about 2.8-3.0 times that of rural residents. In the mid-1990s, the gap widened to 3.3-3.4 times, and by the end of 1990s and the beginning of 20th century, the gap even exceeded 3.5 times. The huge economic difference between urban and rural areas is the basic driving force for a large number of farmers to flow from rural areas to cities.

Due to the huge differences between regions, the urbanization of developed and backward regions is at different stages. In some developed areas, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, there has been a trend of the affluent class migrating from cities to suburbs, that is to say, it has entered the second stage of urbanization: the "suburban stage". But most areas are still in the first stage, that is, the population is concentrated from rural areas to cities. Because different stages of development are in the same historical period, it is impossible to unify policies, and the countermeasures that take into account the first stage are bound to contradict the countermeasures of the second stage, and vice versa. This is the second dilemma of urbanization.

In addition, according to the fifth census in 2000, the total population of Chinese mainland has reached 6,543.8+0,265.8 billion. Even if calculated according to a higher index, the urban population only accounts for 36.09% of the total. In this way, even if the standard is not too high: 60% of the population is urbanized, it still faces the task of completing the migration of 300 million rural people to cities. The urbanization of such a large population has no precedent in the world. This is not only facing the task of investing in various urban facilities, but also facing the arduous efforts to change the lifestyle of hundreds of millions of people. This is the third dilemma of urbanization.

Several Problems of China's Urbanization Strategy at the Present Stage

Before the reform and opening up, China adopted a policy of strict control, that is, it did not encourage any urban development model. After the reform and opening up, we adopted the strategy of encouraging the development of small cities, while still strictly controlling the official population of big cities and medium-sized cities. Of course, after the reform and opening up, because the temporary floating population was liberalized and farmers were allowed to work and do business in cities, in fact, more migrant workers flowed to big cities.

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