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Graduation thesis of hydraulic engineering (2000-5000)
This paper expounds the connotations and contents of quality inspection of water conservancy projects, analyzes the necessity of quality inspection, and probes into how to improve the quality inspection level. Water conservancy project; Quality inspection. The connotation and main contents of water conservancy project quality inspection must be made clear. Quality inspection of water conservancy projects refers to the activities of measuring, inspecting, testing or measuring one or more characteristics of engineering entities, and comparing the results with the specified requirements to determine the qualified characteristics. Engineering quality inspection is an activity of "inspection, comparison and judgment" to deal with the situation that does not meet the quality requirements and make arrangements for the situation that meets the quality requirements. Secondly, the necessity and importance of quality inspection of water conservancy projects must be made clear. Quality inspection of water conservancy projects is the basic element of scientific quality management and an indispensable condition for improving supervision level. Especially in today's rapid development of market economy, we must first improve the inspection means to ensure its scientificity, fairness and accuracy. Science is the basis of testing work. Without science, it is impossible to evaluate and be responsible for the project quality, and it is also difficult to ensure the normal and safe operation of water conservancy projects. If the evaluation is based on the position on which the testing work depends, justice is the criterion and regulation of the testing work, otherwise it will lose its legal effect. Accuracy is the premise of scientific justice, as well as the objective evaluation of testing work and social credibility. In order to promote the continuous improvement of the quality of water conservancy projects, create more high-quality projects, speak with scientific and reliable testing data and prevent the practice of judging only by subjective experience, testing has become an essential basic work of quality management. Only by doing a good job of testing can we grasp the dynamics and laws of quality in time, so as to control the fluctuation range of quality and ensure the stability of quality. In water conservancy construction, we should emphasize the objective law of things' development, and strengthen quality management in today's market economy development. Among them, quality inspection plays an important role and shoulders important responsibilities. With the help of testing methods, materials, components and unit projects are tested according to specifications, standards and requirements, and qualified judgments are made. Therefore, inspection is an important means to ensure engineering quality and plays an important role in quality formation. Strictly control the quality of raw materials, semi-finished products, unit project inspection and completion inspection activities, which has the dual functions of preventive inspection and sign-off. Third, strive to improve the quality inspection level of water conservancy projects. The construction quality of water conservancy projects is related to the national economy and people's livelihood. It is particularly important to improve the quality inspection level of water conservancy projects and ensure the construction quality of water conservancy projects. To improve the quality inspection level of water conservancy projects, we should focus on three factors around the current situation of economic and social development. 1. Legalization of testing institutions is the premise of quality testing of water conservancy projects. 2. Scientific and effective inspection methods are the key to the quality inspection of water conservancy projects. 3. Qualified instruments and equipment are the basis of quality inspection of water conservancy projects. Urban water conservancy is a systematic and comprehensive reflection of water conservancy thoughts in the new period from the perspective of sustainable economic and social development, a great development and liberation of traditional water conservancy concepts and a sublimation of water conservancy concepts. Urban water conservancy; Modernization; With the progress of society and the acceleration of urbanization, water resources and their utilization activities have become more and more important in the process of urban development. A modern city needs the support and guarantee of water; Eco-city needs water to ensure its sustainable development; A civilized and developed city needs water to be intelligent and beautiful. From this point of view, advocating water conservancy into the city is not only the need of water conservancy development, but also the inevitable choice of urban development, and it is also a great progress in the concept of water control. First, build the city's water culture. Water is the lifeline of everything in the world. Water has a far-reaching impact on everything that exists in society. As one of all things, the relationship between city and water is also inseparable. In China, the relationship between city and water has existed since ancient times. As early as the Warring States period, Guan Zi made a profound exposition on the relationship between water resources and urban construction. "Guan Zi Riding a Horse" records: "Every country is a capital, not at the foot of the mountain, but above Guang Chuan. High is not close to drought, and water is enough; If you are not close to the water tower, you will get the moon first, but the ditch city will save people. Because natural materials are beneficial, the city walls don't have to be in the rules, and the roads don't have to be good. " What we are actually talking about here is the restrictive effect of water resources on urban planning and construction. Since water and the city have such a deep "feeling", water culture, as an important part of the whole city culture, will inevitably affect the cultural connotation of the whole city. Urban water culture is a highlight of urban culture. People can't live without water, and cities can't live without water. I believe that no one likes to live in dryness, and everyone is looking forward to the nourishment, lingering, vitality and vitality brought by water. Therefore, urban water culture should be included in every corner of the city as much as possible. Urban tourism cannot be short of water, urban life cannot be short of water, and urban operation cannot be short of water. Only water can ensure the development of the city, only water can enhance the cultural taste of the city, and only water can give the city aura. Therefore, the construction of urban water conservancy reflects the connotation and extension of water from engineering planning, design, construction and management, which is not only the work needs of water conservancy itself, but also the inevitable trend of urban development and the inevitable requirement of economic and social development, and it is also the promotion of water control concept. Second, the development concept of keeping pace with the times At present, with the continuous development of economy and society, the requirements of all walks of life for water conservancy are also constantly improving. In order to better adapt to this situation, the water conservancy ideas and concepts of water conservancy people have made great progress and obvious changes. When perfecting the modern water conservancy theory system, firstly, it is a high display of ideological realm to build a water conservancy concept that keeps pace with the times and "follows the harmony between man and nature"; The gradual popularization and penetration of the water market is an extension of the essential attribute of water, but it is also an ideological detachment and a reflection of the development concept. There is also a wealth of water culture. People's pursuit of high-quality water environment is a natural expression of demand and a manifestation of a constantly developing concept of water control that transcends time and space. Since the 20th century, the urbanization process has been accelerating, and the urban population has increased year by year. As an important part of modern water conservancy, urban water conservancy must consider human factors, embody the idea of "people-oriented", embody the harmonious unity between man and nature, and create a quiet, beautiful and natural living environment for urban people. This is not only a water quality problem, but also a concept of water environment including gardens, greening and aesthetics. As the development of modern water control concept, urban water conservancy must ensure the flood control and safety of urban development in the process of water conservancy changing from engineering water conservancy to resource water conservancy and from traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy and sustainable water conservancy. However, urban water conservancy cannot be simply stored, blocked, drained, led and irrigated, but its environmental function and aesthetic value should be considered, and it should be beautified, green and lighted together with the city. In the planning of urban water conservancy construction, urban rivers should give citizens a natural and smooth aesthetic feeling of "lush dikes on both sides and long clear water in the middle"; There must be an open-minded hydrophilic platform with clear water and green mountains; There should be a geographical, cultural and historical landscape that embodies the characteristics of water in the name of "water"; There should be squares and gardens where people can live by water. In short, to create an urban water environment is to create a clear water corridor full of urban aura and realize the natural integration of people and water. The advantage of human choosing water is its purity. Ancient literati like to travel around the mountains, which is the nature, calmness and aura of water. As a modern city with strong reinforced concrete flavor, besides greening, water has also become a good regulator to purify people's hearts. Because the beautiful water environment has really narrowed the distance between man and nature, the water is very clear and clean. Thirdly, the dialectical views of "agricultural water" and "urban water" are compared: water conservancy is taking the road of "rural encircling the city", and it is clearly pointed out that water conservancy is changing from traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy. Indeed, in the current era of building a new socialist countryside in an all-round way and heading for a well-off society, how can water conservancy play the role of "lifeline" and make greater contributions to heading for a well-off society in an all-round way? We must change our point of view. The foresight of "jumping out of agriculture to run water conservancy, jumping out of water conservancy to see water conservancy" is the phased achievement of "rural encircling cities". Of course, this phased achievement is not a rootless tree, passive water, nor is it a denial and exclusion of rural water conservancy. On the contrary, it is a leap and breakthrough based on rural water conservancy. Over the years, around doing a good job in rural work, adjusting agricultural structure, improving agricultural production conditions and living environment, and solving the "three rural" problems, water conservancy workers have persistently carried out capital construction of farmland water conservancy, widely mobilized the masses to carry out rainwater harvesting and water storage projects according to local conditions, accelerated the pace of water-saving transformation, and the rural water conservancy foundation is quite solid. Only in this context can water conservancy enter the city with a straight back, reflecting the progress and development of water conservancy. From rural areas to cities, and then to cities, water conservancy has entered cities, which is the transcendence of rural water conservancy, the necessity of water conservancy development, the embodiment of modern water conservancy concept and an important symbol of water conservancy modernization. Urban water conservancy is changing from engineering water conservancy to resource water conservancy and sustainable water conservancy, with emphasis on water resources, water environment, water market, water management and water culture. This idea of water control is a continuation and development on the basis of traditional water conservancy, and it is a theoretical system of water conservancy development system based on the overall sustainable development of economy and society from the aspects of economy, politics, science and technology and culture. Compared with traditional water conservancy, it focuses on the management, development, utilization, conservation, protection and optimal allocation of water resources, and highlights the coordinated relationship between water resources and population, economic development and ecological environment, which is a great integration on the basis of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. In short, the development of urban water conservancy in the new period is the general trend, and we must grasp, grasp and grasp it. At the same time, rural water conservancy is also the focus, and new achievements must be made. Grasp both hands, and both hands should have new measures. Only when rural water conservancy and urban water conservancy develop at the same time and promote each other is modern water conservancy, and favoritism is not modernization. We should dialectically understand the relationship between them in the unity of opposites. Fourthly, the connection concept of "urban-rural integration" mainly refers to the convergence of urban and rural people's mental outlook, production and lifestyle, and concepts. When dealing with the affairs between urban and rural areas, we should try our best to make overall plans. Judging from the current situation of economic and social development, rural urbanization is an indispensable part to realize urban-rural integration and urban-rural overall planning at an early date. Only by urban modernization and rural urbanization can urban-rural integration be truly realized. Urban-rural integration is not only manifested in the similarity of urban and rural people's mental outlook, production and lifestyle, but also in an intuitive similarity, mainly including urban architectural design style, urban landscaping and lighting. As a kind of urban architectural design style and a part of beautifying and lighting the city, the coordination of urban water conservancy will be one of the important factors to realize the real integration of urban and rural areas. In China, most cities and villages are connected by rivers. Therefore, the river in the urban-rural fringe has become one of the important ties of urban-rural integration, and its dredging and beautification is one of the contents of urban water conservancy. The quality of governance directly reflects the distance between urban and rural areas. Therefore, rural urbanization must start with water conservancy projects and find a tacit understanding between cities emotionally. We know that an important step of urbanization is to develop urban water conservancy. In this case, rural urbanization must do all the work marked by water conservancy. In this way, as an important symbol of urban modernization, urban water conservancy will inevitably add a lot of color to rural urbanization, and urban water conservancy will naturally become an important way of rural urbanization. Urban water conservancy beautifies the rivers in the urban fringe through relevant measures, making the rivers flow smoothly. On the one hand, it facilitates the communication between urban and rural areas, on the other hand, it promotes the natural connection between urban and rural areas and becomes an important link in urban-rural integration. At present, the pace of urbanization in rural areas is accelerating, and the urban population is gradually increasing. The rise of towns is equivalent to the addition of several big cities. This situation puts forward new requirements for urban flood control and drainage, water supply and pollution control, and it is urgent to speed up the construction of urban water conservancy infrastructure and provide necessary guarantee for urban economic and social development. At present, China's small towns still lack comprehensive and systematic urban water conservancy planning, and urban water conservancy belongs to "newborn calves". However, urban water conservancy has the concept of respecting laws, a scientific and reasonable theoretical system, a comprehensive water conservancy plan and a modern and advanced water conservancy model. Therefore, the development of urban water conservancy will certainly make greater contributions to promoting rural urbanization and realizing urban-rural integration at an early date. V. Scientific Outlook in the Information Age 2 1 century is the information age, and water conservancy informatization is an important content of modern water conservancy and a requirement of economic development. With the continuous development of economy and society, new and higher requirements are put forward for flood control and disaster reduction, water resources supply and water environment protection. While improving the engineering flood control standard, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of non-engineering measures for flood control and disaster reduction, and further improve the comprehensive disaster resistance and disaster reduction ability. As an urban water conservancy with the functions of urban flood control and urban beautification, it is necessary to implement the innovation plan of water conservancy science and technology, strengthen basic research and applied basic research, attach importance to the research and development of high and new technologies and the popularization and transformation of new achievements, and unremittingly transform the water conservancy industry with new technologies. Further strengthen water conservancy policy research and decision-making consultation, and build application systems such as water conservancy data center, water conservancy government information system and water resources monitoring information system. Actively develop and utilize various water conservancy information resources to provide accurate, timely and effective water conservancy basic information services for urban development. Accelerate the formulation and improvement of water conservancy informatization policies and technical standards, gradually establish and continuously improve the water conservancy informatization system, and promote water conservancy modernization with water conservancy informatization. Water conservancy entered the city and established itself in the city with its advanced concept. Therefore, urban water conservancy must pay attention to creating excellent products in the information age. Water conservancy workers must be brave in exploration, bold in practice, use advanced science and technology, establish scientific water management concept, grasp the orientation and seek development. As a city water conservancy growing in an information gathering place, in order to give full play to its due role, it is necessary to make full use of modern information technology and science and technology to express itself in creating urban fine products and improving urban cultural taste. In short, based on the perspective of sustainable economic and social development, urban water conservancy systematically and comprehensively embodies the concept of water control in the new period, which is a great development and liberation of the traditional concept of water control and a sublimation of the concept of water control. In order to make water conservancy better serve economic and social development, we must boldly innovate, develop urban water conservancy with new ideas, and better display the concept of water conservancy in the new period.