Concise and specific abstract should reflect the substantive content of the paper, show enough information about the content of the paper, reflect the innovation of the paper, and show the important outline of the paper. Generally, it consists of four elements: specific research object, method, result and conclusion.

Object-is the specific subject range involved in the research, development and investigation of the paper, which reflects the research content and the main problems to be solved, and is the proposal of the problem, the establishment of the research direction and the positioning of the goal.

Method is the principle, theory, conditions, materials, technology, structure, means and procedures used in the research of the research object, and it is a necessary means to complete the research object.

Results-results, effects, data, determined relationships, etc. The author's research on the research object through experiments and research methods is the result of scientific research.

Conclusion-is the author's analysis, research, comparison, evaluation, application, questions, etc. It is a summary of the results, showing the reliability, practicability and innovation of the research results, reflecting the value and academic level of the research, and is the window to determine the retrieval papers.

(The above content comes from the Academic Hall)