1 preface

Design and processing technology affect the quality of mechanical equipment parts, and problems in any link will reduce the quality of parts. When designing and processing parts, material stress, design technology and processing technology will all affect the quality of parts. Therefore, according to the functions and uses of the parts, we should choose suitable mechanical materials and adopt scientific and standardized processing technology to effectively reduce the processing errors and improve the processing quality, so as to improve the processing level of the parts and lay a solid foundation for the development of industrial production.

2 common problems in mechanical design and processing

2. 1 Surface quality of parts

The surface quality of parts has a direct impact on their service life and performance, so it is necessary to carefully calculate the physical characteristics of materials used in the design to effectively control the surface quality of parts. The factor that directly affects the surface quality is the quality of cutting materials. If the toughness of the material is strong, the probability of plastic deformation during machining is high, and the surface of the part is prone to roughness during cutting. If the material is brittle, it is easy to drop chips during cutting and improve the surface roughness.

2.2 Machining accuracy problem

At present, it is an industrialized era with the rapid development of science and technology, which requires higher precision of products and continuous improvement of precision and quality of mechanical parts. Therefore, in mechanical design and machining, the product precision must be effectively controlled. However, there are many variables that are difficult to master in design and machining, such as the normal wear of abrasives and tools, which will affect the accuracy of parts. In the process of machining, the increase of temperature will change the reasonable properties of the processed materials to varying degrees, reduce the accuracy of parts, and then have a certain impact on the performance of products, so we should pay attention to the control of machining accuracy.

2.3 Cost-effectiveness of mechanical products

There are many factors that affect the quality of mechanical products, and various problems lead to omissions in the design and processing process. When designing and processing, we only pay attention to the selection of materials, but not to the processing of raw materials, which has a great influence on the efficiency of mechanical production. In addition, mechanical errors can easily lead to mechanical failures, increase maintenance costs, increase product costs, and thus reduce the cost performance of products. The competitiveness of an enterprise is closely related to the cost performance of its products. Low cost performance will reduce the market share of products. Therefore, solving the problems in lubricating oil is an important factor to improve the cost performance of products.

2.4 the use of lubricants

The use of lubricants in mechanical design will affect the quality and accuracy of machined parts. Lubricants have lubricating and cooling properties. In processing, high-speed equipment will generate a lot of heat, and the processed material will be deformed in high temperature environment, which will lead to errors. Therefore, lubricants should reduce the heat generated by processing, play a cooling role and enhance the working efficiency of equipment. However, at present, many enterprises have not correctly selected the types of lubricants and failed to play their due role.

3 Solutions to common problems in mechanical design and processing

3. 1 Select suitable raw materials.

The physical properties of raw materials have a direct impact on mechanical design and processing. In order to improve its accuracy, it is necessary to select suitable materials, which can not only reduce the processing cost, but also improve the accuracy of product design. Therefore, before design, raw materials should be selected according to the processing technology and use of the parts, and the application characteristics and physical characteristics of the materials should be tested to ensure that they will not be deformed with the change of temperature during processing. At the same time, abrasives and tools should be inspected regularly, and replaced in time when they are worn to a certain extent, which may affect the accuracy of parts.

3.2 Batch and standardized design and processing

Standardization of parts is to design according to the requirements of structural performance and size, improve the standard level of design and realize mass production. In production, we should select materials, simplify working procedures and improve product quality and production efficiency. To optimize the parts, it is necessary to shorten the design time, effectively reduce the waste phenomenon in the work, and provide development momentum for improving the economic benefits of products. The key point of mechanical design and processing is standardized process regulations, and the construction period should be shortened when processing parts, because long processing time will damage parts, and parts can be processed in batches at one time. Because each machining will produce residual stress, controlling the machining times can effectively ensure the quality of parts.

3.3 Selection of tools and design parameters

According to the characteristics of raw materials, we should choose suitable tools, face up to the influence of cutting parameters on parts, and pay attention to cutting speed and depth so as not to affect the quality of parts. Adjust the cutting depth and speed according to the material and characteristics of the parts. Cutting fluid should be used in cutting to reduce cutting temperature and improve cutting quality. In the process of mechanical design and machining, cutting parameters should be set as the main parameters, which have an important influence on cutting speed, depth and overall product quality. Parameters should be set according to the material and performance of parts, and every influencing factor in mechanical design and processing should be considered comprehensively.

3.4 Correct use of lubricants

When designing and processing metal parts, lubricants should be used correctly to reduce the temperature during processing. When grinding, stamping and cutting mechanical products, the use of lubricants can improve the practical application of products. In addition, we should also pay attention to the cleaning of metal scraps, which can not only dissipate heat, but also reduce the wear of machine tools and the corrosion of parts, so as to reduce costs and improve production efficiency. Metal lubricant should embody the triple functions of anticorrosion, lubrication and cooling, and also analyze the requirements and design process of parts according to the specific processing conditions, and choose pure oil or water-soluble lubricant. For example, high-speed steel knives can choose water-soluble lubricants when cutting at high speed and pure oily lubricants when cutting at low speed. If the cutting fluid is difficult to play its role correctly, it is necessary to choose pure oily lubricating fluid, in addition to water-soluble lubricating fluid. Because the standard and precision of parts are gradually improved, it is more important to choose lubricating fluid.

4 conclusion

With the development of industrialization, higher requirements are put forward for the quality and accuracy of parts, so it is necessary to effectively control the quality of parts in the process of mechanical design and machining. According to the production requirements, select appropriate materials, and test the mechanical and physical characteristics of materials to meet the design and processing requirements. Choose the design process, check the abrasive tools and tools of machinery, and replace the abrasive tools with large wear in time, so as not to affect the quality of parts. We should complete the design process, reduce the cost, improve the production efficiency, ensure the quality of parts, and promote the steady and rapid development of industrial production in China.

References:

[1] Lv Minglai, left. Common problems and solutions in mechanical design and machining [J]. Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information, 20 16 (18).

[2] Xiao. Reflections on Common Problems in Mechanical Design and Machining [J]. Shandong Industrial Technology, 20 15 (24).

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