In the real study and work, everyone has written a paper. A thesis refers to an article that conducts research in various academic fields and describes the achievements of academic research. You have no idea when you write your thesis? The following is the format and requirements of each part of the paper literature review that I have compiled for you. Welcome to share.

Literature review

Literature review generally consists of title, author, abstract, key words, text and references. The body part consists of preface, body and summary.

1, preface

This paper mainly puts forward questions, explains the purpose of writing, introduces related concepts and the scope of review, briefly explains the current situation, development trend or controversial focus of related topics, and chooses the purpose, application value and practical significance of this topic, so that readers can have a preliminary outline of the problems to be described in the full text.

2, the main part

It mainly includes historical development, current situation analysis and trend prediction, and can be written vertically and horizontally, such as vertically writing historical background and horizontally writing current situation.

① Historical development: in chronological order, briefly explain the proposal of this topic and the development of each historical stage, reflecting the research level of each stage.

(2) Status analysis: introduce the status quo of this study at home and abroad, including my own views, sort out and analyze the scientific facts and materials, introduce the innovative theory in detail, and lead to arguments; We should introduce and compare various viewpoints on controversial issues, point out possible development trends and put forward our own views.

③ Trend prediction: In vertical and horizontal comparison, the research level, existing problems and different viewpoints of the topic are definitely summarized, and forward-looking opinions are put forward. This part of the content should be written objectively and accurately, not only pointing out the direction, but also suggesting shortcuts.

3. Summary section

It mainly comments on the main contents of the theme part, puts forward conclusions, which are for and against, and also explains the limitations of this review, the advantages and disadvantages of previous studies, and its own innovations.

Step 4 refer to

This is the basis of writing a summary, and the most important thing is to let readers provide clues to find relevant documents when discussing certain issues, and consult the original text according to the references. Therefore, the arrangement should be clear, easy to find and accurate.

Basic format of references in papers

1. Numbering consecutively with Arabic numerals according to the order in which the references appear in the paper, placing the serial numbers in square brackets, and taking the serial numbers as the upper corner marks or as a part of the paper according to the specific situation.

2. In the references, each item should be complete. When there are no more than three authors, list all the authors in the literature; When there are more than three numbers, generally only the first three numbers are listed, followed by the word "etc" or "etc"; Author names are separated by commas; Chinese and foreign names all adopt the description method of' surname first, then name'.

3. The serial numbers of references are displayed in the upper left box, and the numbers are in square brackets, such as [1], [2], ..., so as to be consistent with the indicating serial number format in the text. Each reference entry ends with ".".

The formats and examples of various reference entries are as follows:

A. Serial publications: [serial number] Principal. File title [J]. Name of publication, year of publication, volume number (issue number): page number.

B monograph: [serial number] main person in charge. Title of the document [M]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication: page numbers.

C. Collection: [serial number] Principal. File title [C]. Editor in chief. Prose collection. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication: page number.

D. Dissertation: [serial number] Principal. Title of the document [D]. Storage location: storage unit, year.

E. Reporting: [serial number] Principal responsible person. The title of the document. Report location: report organizer, year.

F patent document: [serial number] patent owner. Patent name [P]. Patent country: patent number, release date.

G. international and national standards: [serial number] standard code. Standard name. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.

H newspaper article: [serial number] main person in charge. File title [N]. Name of newspaper: date of publication (edition).

I. Electronic document: [serial number] Principal. Title of electronic document [document type/carrier type]. The published or available address, published or) updated date/reference date of the electronic document (optional).

Extended content

Introduction to the marking skills of papers' references

In the process of writing a paper, we need to refer to a large number of documents, and many people don't know how to mark the quotations in the paper. Because different magazines require different document formats, the insertion method in the article is different from the document arrangement format behind the article. Many students need to spend a lot of energy to adjust the format of cited documents after writing their papers. Most domestic journals and magazines require the documents to be arranged in the order of insertion. If there are changes in the following articles, the increase, decrease and arrangement of references will change, and the work is very complicated. If the magazine editor is strict with the format, your paper may be typed back. Reference papers play an important role in the process of writing papers.

The "Reference Manager" software is specially used to manage references. It is very powerful and can retrieve and manage documents twice. When combined with Word, it can also insert references into papers. I believe many experts use it to solve the problem of inserting references when writing graduation thesis. The literature management methods of Mendeley and Endnote are also very good, such as importing files or folders in batches, or dragging PDF directly to Mendeley, and all documents are automatically synchronized in the cloud. Some people are not used to using these softwares. If you are writing a journal article, you can use Word to insert footnotes/endnotes to mark references, move the cursor to the position where you want to insert references, and then select Citation-Footnotes/Endnotes from the menu. When inserting the next reference, it is also very convenient to select "Next Footnote" to mark the references cited in the paper.

In scientific research, when writing a paper, we will quote a large number of documents, and mastering several document retrieval tools, text editing skills, software use skills and so on are all very important auxiliary tools, which will greatly improve work efficiency in the process of writing a paper!

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