The author introduces:

Jean Henri Casimir Fabre (1823-19 15) is a French entomologist, animal behaviorist and writer. Known by the world as "Homer in the insect world, Virgil in the insect world". Fabres has many works, the most famous of which is Insects.

Content summary:

Entomology, also known as Insect Tales, Notes on Entomology and Insect World, is not only a literary masterpiece, but also a scientific encyclopedia.

It combines the author's lifelong research achievements and life feelings into one furnace, takes care of insects with humanity, looks back on social life with insects, and turns the insect world into a beautiful text for human beings to acquire knowledge, interest, beauty and thoughts. It was the author who spent his whole life observing the life of insects and the struggle for survival and reproduction of races in detail, then recorded his observations in detailed and exact notes and finally compiled a book. Insects has ten volumes, each volume contains several chapters, and each chapter describes the life of one or more insects in detail and profoundly: spiders, bees, mantis, scorpions, cicadas, beetles and crickets.

Artistic features:

1, the language is concise and fresh, lively, with a relaxed and humorous tone, full of interest and poetry.

2. The author describes the sounds, colors, shapes and smells of animals and plants in nature.

The author used a lot of vivid metaphors and poetic language in his description.

4. The work combines science and literature, that is to say, it has both scientific rationality and literary sensibility.

Extract evaluation:

Fabres's description of the inverted posture of insects: For example, in a metal cage, mantis larvae stay in one place without changing their posture. It hooks the net with the tips of four hind paws, with its back facing down and motionless, and hangs high on the top of the cage. The four hanging points bear the weight of the whole body. The handstand posture is very difficult, but the handstand posture of flies is very different. Although the fly also hangs on the ceiling, it always takes time to relax, fly casually, walk in a normal posture, stick its stomach to the ground and spread its limbs in the sun. Fabres's description of insects is really amazing. I want to ask, who hasn't seen the inverted posture of flies, but who has noticed it? However, Fabres described thousands of insects in Insects, which is the success of Fabres.

After reading:

Different from many literary works, entomology is not a world created by the writer, and the events described all come from his direct observation of insect life, and sometimes even some details of insect habits. Secondly, although the full text focuses on the life habits of insects with a lot of pen and ink, it is not as boring as academic works, and this book is an excellent literary work with beautiful writing. Such a work is really unprecedented in the world. No entomologist has such brilliant literary expression ability, and no writer has such profound entomological attainments. Without such a tenacious Fabres, our world would never have read about an insect.

Fabrice once asked a question: "Is it worth suffering just to survive?" He used his 92 years to answer the question of why he suffered hardships: facing prejudice directly, being accompanied by poverty, not afraid of sacrifice and offending forgetting, all for the word "truth". Pursuing and exploring the truth can be described as "seeking truth". Seeking truth is the spirit of Fabres.

In this entomology, we not only see the world of insects, but also appreciate Fabres's spirit of "pursuing truth" and "exploring truth".

Thoughts on reading entomology

Entomology is a masterpiece handed down from ancient times by Fabres, an outstanding French entomologist and writer, and also an immortal world masterpiece. Ba Jin, a famous writer, said: "It combines the author's lifelong research achievements and life feelings in one furnace, observes the insect nature with human nature, and turns the insect world into a beautiful article for human beings to acquire knowledge, interest, beauty and thoughts."

The author recorded the achievements and experiences of insect research in his life in the form of prose. Guided by the humanistic spirit in natural science, he turned the insect world into a literary form for human beings to acquire knowledge, interest, beauty and thoughts, and wrote the topic of small insects into a masterpiece with hierarchical significance and all-round value. Such a work is really unprecedented in the world. No entomologist has such brilliant literary expression ability, and no writer has such profound entomological attainments. If Fables was not so tenacious, our world would never have read about an insect.

Fabres is tenacious because he has a certain spirit. If he gave up and lost his spirit, there would be no entomology in this world.

This is my first contact with entomology, which was arranged by my teacher, winter vacation homework.

In the past, I have heard people mention insects many times. However, as soon as I heard the name, I remembered the boring exposition, which made me lose interest immediately.

At first, I saw Fabres say: Hymenoptera insects are so lawless that they have invaded my seclusion. The white-edged migratory locust mud bee made a nest in the rubble in front of my house; In order to step into the house, I have to be more careful, otherwise, if I am not careful, I will trample on its nest and the busy "miners" will be devastated.

After reading this, I think Fabres is very brave. Because these insects are disgusting and dangerous to me, Fabres actually lives under the same roof with them. If I were you, I wouldn't stand it.

But I only read a little, and somehow it attracted me. This is a popular science book describing the birth, labor, hunting and death of insects. The text is plain, fresh and natural. Humorous narration makes people laugh ... the worm is personified by the author, and the story inside is so interesting!

Fabres's "The Story of Insects" made me ignore the figures of insects for too long, and their arrogant chirping suddenly gathered together, which made me feel their existence. Before that, the world of insects was almost my imagination, because I didn't have the time and energy to observe them, to understand them, and to imagine that they were very harmonious and beautiful, and they wouldn't quarrel and fight everywhere. However, since I saw Insects, the image of insects has been subverted in my mind. It turns out that insects have life and death, labor and plunder, and many other activities, which are strikingly similar to people. Like us humans, he is a kind-hearted herbivore and a cruel carnivore. I felt like I was there, as if they were doing all the activities right in front of my eyes, bringing me to a real insect world.

When I continued reading Insects, I saw Fabres observing the caterpillar's progress in detail. I saw him catching wasps regardless of the danger. I saw him boldly assuming, carefully experimenting, and repeatedly scrutinizing the experimental process and data, and gradually inferring the action time and effect of the high-nose bee venom needle, the predation process of fireflies, the methods of catching flies and bees to deal with their prey, and the long-distance contact of peacock moths ... An experiment failed, and he collected data and analyzed the reasons. Rigorous experimental methods, bold questioning spirit and diligent style. This time, I felt the "scientific spirit" and its profound connotation. Described the life of insects in detail: spiders, bees, mantises, scorpions, cicadas, beetles, crickets and so on. This has made great contributions to later generations and made human society move towards modern civilization quickly.

The detailed description of insects in The Tale of Insects makes people admire Fabres's superhuman observation, such as the embarrassing appearance of cicadas and ants begging for food: "The ants are standing on the threshold, with big bags of wheat beside them and their backs to the cicadas begging. The cicada stretched out its paw. Oh, I'm sorry, it's its hand. Wearing a18th century wide-brimmed hat with a guitar and piano under her arm, the skirt was blown to her stomach by the cold wind, which is the image of a cicada. " This description of begging is really vivid and realistic.

The Insect Story introduces many insects in detail, including their instincts, habits, labor, marriage, reproduction and death.

Entomology is a very attractive work, because this scientific encyclopedia is also literary. Every word in the article reflects the author's feelings and the unique personality of insects. Liu Yang longan is like a miser, wearing a short tuxedo that seems to be "short of cloth"; Little beetle selfless dedication for future generations, heartbreaking for children; The little sparrow bitten by a spider will also "eat happily, and even cry like a baby if we feed it slowly." What a lovely elf!

Fables has a keen interest in insects, so his entomology also makes me feel like an insect reading while watching. Every insect has the same feelings as human beings. For example, "the locusts who have panicked have completely forgotten the trick of' thirty-six plans to go is the best policy'."

When reading Insects, I can even imagine the picture of insects in action. In front of me, it is no longer boring words, but mysterious nature. Cicadas sing again, crickets manage housework again, spiders catch food again ... There are such interesting things in mysterious nature that my respect for nature arises spontaneously. It also has a cautious side.

Fabres's Insect Story makes me feel like a dream. Those specific and detailed words make me feel that magnifying glasses, humidity, stars and insects really exist in front of my eyes from time to time, as if I were there. The figures of insects that I have neglected for too long, and their arrogant calls, suddenly gathered together. It was Fabres who showed me the other side of insects.

Fabres is bound to encounter great difficulties in the process of exploring nature, but no matter how big the difficulties are, they have not stopped him from exploring. I admire Fabres's spirit of exploring nature, which makes me feel that insects are closely related to the environment, and also makes me feel the author's originality and subtle observation.

What is even more impressive is Fabres's description of the inverted posture of insects. For example, in a metal cage, the posture of mantis larvae remains unchanged after stopping in one place. It hooks the net with the tips of four hind paws, with its back facing down and motionless, and hangs high on the top of the cage. The four hanging points bear the weight of the whole body. The handstand posture is very difficult, but the handstand posture of flies is very different. Although the fly also hangs on the ceiling, it always takes time to relax, fly casually, walk in a normal posture, stick its stomach to the ground and spread its limbs in the sun. Fabres's description of insects is really amazing. I want to ask, who hasn't seen the inverted posture of flies, but who has noticed it? However, Fabres described thousands of insects in Insects, which is the success of Fabres.

However, Fabres's success was not achieved overnight. He faced two main problems in his life: prejudice and poverty. Farbers was diligent and enterprising, and changed from a descendant of a farmer to a middle school teacher. He has taught in middle schools for more than 20 years, observed and studied insects and plants in his spare time, and published excellent papers. Despite this, his dream of "going to a university lecture hall" has never been realized, and his desire to open an independent insect laboratory has never been supported. Educational and scientific authorities look down on his self-taught degree and don't understand his research direction. However, Fables did not give in to prejudice and poverty. He is still diligent in self-study, constantly expanding his knowledge reserve, persistently observing experiments, constantly obtaining new achievements, and fighting back against "prejudice" again and again. He squeezed out pieces of money and bought altars, jars, boxes and cages. Day after day, month after month, year after year, he made great research materials, turning the "poverty" of teachers into the wealth of entomology. If Fabres didn't have that extraordinary perseverance, we wouldn't have seen this wonderful insect book now.

Fables sacrificed almost everything to complete the insect. He didn't seize many opportunities to make use of utilitarianism in his life, and lived an imaginary "good life" but was content with poverty. He sat on the bench all his life, and even tied a family to his "bench".

In this entomology, we not only see the world of insects, but also appreciate Fabres's "exploring the truth" and perseverance.

Entomology is not only full of reverence for life, but also contains some spirits. That spirit is seeking truth, that is, pursuing truth and exploring truth. This is Faber's spirit. After reading the book Insects, I should always pay attention to the animals around me. What about you?

★ Thoughts on reading childhood

Gorky (1868 ~ 1936) is a proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union and the founder of socialist realistic literature. He was born in poverty and lost his father when he was a child. 1 1 years old, he is running around the society for a living. As a stevedore, a bakery worker, slums and docks became the classrooms of his "social" university. He shared the fate with the working people and personally experienced the cruel exploitation and oppression of capitalism. This had an important influence on his thought and creative development.

Gorky assiduously taught himself cultural knowledge, actively participated in revolutionary activities and explored ways to transform reality. 1892 published the first novel Macard? Cudla appeared in the literary world, and his early works mixed realism and romanticism, which was a necessary stage before the formation of his proletarian world outlook. Romantic works, such as Markard Cudla, Old Lady Izgil (1895) and Song of the Eagle (1895), praise the strong personality and heroic achievements that love freedom and yearn for the bright future, and show the passion of fighting. Realistic works, such as Circa Shi, Fallen Man, Konarov, etc. Describe people's miserable life and their noble character, and express their anger and struggle. Most of the protagonists in these works are people who are trying to explore a new way of life, thinking about the meaning of life and full of fierce conflicts in their hearts.

1905 after the failure of the revolution, Gorky went to the United States and Italy to write a series of political articles, attacking the western capitalist system and various reactionary ideological trends that flooded the ideological and literary circles. The novella Confessions, written in 1908, exposed the idealism of creationism and was severely criticized and enthusiastically helped by Lenin. Nevertheless, Gorky's dominant tendency is still positive and full of revolutionary fighting spirit. In this paper, the characteristics of the new proletarian literary creation method are explored in many aspects, and the viewpoint of combining realism with romanticism is put forward. His creative achievements between the two revolutions were quite fruitful. For example, the town of Ogulov (1909), the summer (1909), the life of Matvei Kremyakin (1910 ~19), and so on. Russian fairy tales (1912 ~1917), and the first two autobiographical novels trilogy "Childhood" and "The World" (1913 ~/kloc-

Gorky is not only a great writer but also an outstanding social activist. He organized and established the Soviet Writers' Association and presided over the first writers' congress in the whole Soviet Union to cultivate new literary talents and actively participate in the cause of maintaining world peace.

Gorky's works were introduced to China from 1907. His excellent literary works and papers have become the common wealth of the proletariat all over the world.

Childhood is the first autobiographical trilogy by Gorky, a Russian writer, and is regarded as one of the best autobiographical novels in Russia. Written in 193 1, Childhood shows readers Gorky's childhood life in his grandfather's house and records Gorky's mental journey under the czar. Several characters have been successfully created in the book, especially grandmother, who is called "one of the most vivid and poetic images in the history of Russian literature". The novel truly describes the face of Russian society in 1970s and 1990s from 19, showing a suffocating life full of cruelty, barbarism, ignorance and filth. Only by reading Childhood can we truly understand the corruption and ugliness of the czar's autocratic system, the people's servility and numbness in the dark, and the suffering of the younger generation in resisting darkness and slavery and pursuing freedom and light.

The protagonist Aletha's painful childhood moved me: at the age of four, he lost his father, followed his grief-stricken mother and kind grandmother to his overbearing and bankrupt grandfather's house, but he was often beaten by his violent grandfather. But the kind grandmother protects him everywhere. At his grandfather's house, he met many "quiet" relatives, including two selfish and insatiable uncles Mikhail and Yakov, and two cousins named Sarah. Simple, deeply in love with Aletha's "Little Cuokan" (Ivan) always uses his arm to block grandpa's whip on Aletha, although it will be swollen. But he was very strong, and later he was crushed to death while helping my second uncle Yakov carry the cross.

Aletha spent his childhood in a typical Russian citizen's family: greedy, cruel and ignorant; The intrigue between father and son, brother and husband and wife; In order to compete for property, we often quarrel and fight over trifles ... but in this dark family, there is a hardworking, strong and kind grandmother. She often tells Alisha beautiful fairy tales and subtly teaches him to be a person who doesn't want to bend his knees to ugliness.

Alisha's childhood was dark, just like his family. There are so many cruel things around him that sometimes even he himself can't believe that such things will happen. But fortunately, there is grandma-the spiritual pillar of the whole family. Aletha also knows many other people: several tenants after moving into the new house, the third young master next door, and so on. Aletha learned some truth from some "strange" actions of his family.

Compared with alessa, our childhood is brilliant and colorful; No worries and pains, no worries. There are so many children who don't even know what "beating" means, because we have never experienced the taste of being beaten or whipped. That may be unimaginable pain. Of course, in addition, there are few greedy and vicious things in our lives, such as family members fighting for property. There will be no such "terrorist incident" as cruelly torturing an innocent person to death for no reason.

God, by contrast, our childhood is very different from Aletha's. We live in honeypots every day, soak in sweet water and pile up money ... how happy we are! We never have to think about food, clothing, housing and transportation. These are enough for adults to worry about, not for us.

But with these, we are not satisfied. We always expect more. Because, in our eyes, it is so easy for adults to make money, and it seems like a breeze. How naive we are. Indeed, we don't have to go to the "human world" at the age of eleven like Alisha. But after reading Childhood, we should repent of our extravagance, stop wasting and learn to cherish it.

So, let's start now. We are no longer extravagant and wasteful; We began to think of our elders and understand them; We should begin to satisfy our happy life.

I read some famous literary works in junior high school, one of which is Maxim Gorky's Childhood. Gorky was born in a carpenter's family in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. He lost his father in his early years and lived in his grandfather's house. When I entered the society at the age of eleven, I experienced the bitterness of life. Childhood is written according to his childhood life, which can be said to be an autobiographical novel, reflecting the current social situation at that time.

The hero in the novel also lost his father at the age of three and was taken to his grandfather's house by his mother and grandmother. Grandfather is a rough and selfish little dyer, but he is on the verge of bankruptcy. These two uncles are also rude and selfish philistines, and even their children follow this trend. Aletha was abused in such a family: his grandfather often beat up his grandmother and children, and once beat Aletha unconscious, resulting in a serious illness. Under such circumstances, can alessa's young mind not feel panic and anxiety? ! Therefore, this book will make each of us feel unhappy and depressed, which is inevitable, because each of us has compassion in our hearts.

In such an ugly society, we have to worry about whether Alisha's soul will be defiled. But fortunately, the world is not completely ugly, and there will be kind and upright people around. They gave Aletha confidence and strength, and let him see the light and hope, believing that the darkness will eventually pass and the future belongs to the light. The most important person in his life is his grandmother, who sent honey to Alisha's heart. Grandma is the kindest and most human image in her works. She always sowed the seeds of love for alessa with her tenderness. Seeds germinate and grow into towering trees. With the protection of wings, Aletha's world will no longer be exposed to wind and rain. His grandmother soothed his mental wounds, and it was grigori, an old laborer, who really taught him to be an upright man. Of course, the kind, optimistic and compassionate "Kozuka Gang" also taught Aletha how to face the hardships of life, but he was killed by two uncles. However, I think he was swallowed up by this dark society rather than killed by them. Gorky, with his unique feelings and skillful artistic skills as a proletarian writer, successfully reproduces Aletha's difficult course from awakening to growth as a new generation according to his own personal experience.

Gorky wrote at the beginning of his work: "Sometimes it is hard for me to believe that this will happen. There are many things I really want to refute and deny, because there are too many cruel things in the dark life of that' family idiot'. " However, at the same time, we can also see that on the other side of the darkness, there is something called light shining faintly there. As long as there is hope for light, then this little weak light can be thrown into infinity until it is sprinkled in every dark corner. I think this is probably another more direct and urgent theme Gorky wants to express-criticizing the habits of ordinary citizens formed in Russia for centuries and denouncing the despicable souls of ordinary citizens. Let this despicable soul disappear, this is the direction of proletarian efforts, which continues to this day. ......

And what I want to say is, don't lose confidence in any unbearable reality. There will always be some people and things that will make you feel pain and even despair, but think about it, the darkness has passed and the dawn will always come. As long as you can keep your self-confidence forever and be a kind, optimistic and compassionate person, your light will surely come.