The achievements are as follows:

1 agriculture

In Song Dynasty, Daxing irrigation works, large-scale land reclamation, improved farm tools and rapid agricultural development. Many new types of fields appeared in the Song Dynasty, such as terraced fields, silt fields, Shatian fields and Jiatian fields. This greatly increased the area of cultivated land in the Song Dynasty. In the second year of Daodao (996), the cultivated land area in China was 3125,200 hectares, and it increased to 5,247,500 hectares in Tianxi five years (102 1).

2. porcelain

Ge Kiln in Song Dynasty-Beige Glazed Ear Bottle The main minerals in Northern Song Dynasty are gold, silver, copper, lead, tin and coal. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were more than 270 metal mines, an increase of 100 compared with the Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Renzong, he collected more than 15,000 taels of gold, 219,000 taels of silver, 500 kilograms of copper, 7.24 million kilograms of iron, 90,000 kilograms of lead and 30,000 kilograms of tin every year.

In Song Dynasty, official kilns and folk kilns spread all over the country. There are seven famous porcelain kilns, including Kaifeng Imperial Kiln, Ruzhou Ruyao, Yuzhou Jun Kiln, Longquan Gedi Kiln, Jingdezhen Jingdezhen Kiln, Jianyang Jian Yao, Quyang Ding Yao, and many large and small porcelain kilns distributed all over the country. The produced Song porcelain is exported overseas through the Maritime Silk Road, such as Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Central and Western Asia and other regions.

Among them, Jun porcelain ranks first in Song porcelain with its magical kiln transformation characteristics and rare annual output of 36 pieces. Porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty, both in output and production technology, has been greatly improved compared with the previous generation. At that time, kiln households burned porcelain all over the country, and the porcelain produced had their own characteristics.

Step 3 make paper

In the Song Dynasty, the main papermaking materials included silk, bamboo, rattan, hemp and wheat straw. Chongqing, Sichuan, Anhui and Zhejiang are the main paper producing areas. Cloth stationery, cold gold stationery, hemp paper and bamboo paper in Chongqing and Sichuan, cream, heart-clearing paper and millet paper in Anhui, and rattan paper in Zhejiang are all world-famous.

Tokyo, Lin 'an, Meishan, Jianyang and Guangzhou were all printing centers at that time. At that time, the seal cutting in the workshop was the best in Zhejiang, called Zheben, followed by Sichuan, called Shuben. Fujian's seal cutting wins by quantity, which is called edition, especially Masha Town in Jianyang, which is called Mashaben internationally.

Carving books is very popular in society. Among them, the books carved by imperial academy in Lin 'an have the best quality. The carved books in Song Dynasty are famous for their excellent paper and ink, sparse layout, round fonts, exquisite craftsmanship, rare handed down from generation to generation and priceless value.

4. Technology

In the Song Dynasty, with the promotion of the whole social economy and culture, science and technology made great progress. The scientific and technological achievements in Song Dynasty not only became a peak in the history of ancient science and technology in China, but also walked in the forefront of the world at that time. The four great inventions of China, which promoted the development of human civilization, were perfected and applied in the Song Dynasty.

When it comes to science and technology in the Song Dynasty, people often mention Shen Kuo and his "Meng Qian Bi Tan". For example, Dr. Needham praised Shen Kuo as "the most outstanding figure in the whole history of science in China", while his Notes on Meng Xi was "the coordinate in the history of science in China".

There are also many achievements in other aspects. For example, medicine is divided into nine subjects from the previous three subjects, and the world's earliest forensic work "Record of Injustice" appeared. Acupuncture has made great progress. Compared with Tang Materia Medica, Classic Materia Medica has 476 kinds of drugs.

5. Literature

The literature in Song Dynasty was developed, and great achievements were made in grasping poetry and prose. Ouyang Xiu was a master who prospered the prose in Song Dynasty and initiated the ancient prose movement. Ouyang Xiu's prose is clear in theme, rich in content and natural, which laid the style of prose in Song Dynasty.

During the three dynasties of the Soviet Union, Su Xun's articles were good at discussing, and his style was magnificent and simple. Su Shi's articles are free and easy, fresh and bold, with a little melancholy. His unshakable position in the literary world is confirmed by articles such as Fu on the Red Wall. His disciples are also quite promising. Together with Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Chao, they are called "Six Gentlemen of Su Men".

During the Southern Song Dynasty, Su Shi's prose even became a model essay for the imperial examination, while Su Zhe's articles were neglected in narrative and discussed in a long length. Wang Anshi is also good at argumentative writing, and his style is vigorous and natural. Yang Wanli's poems are fresh and lively, focusing on natural scenery; Fan Chengda's poetry pays attention to people's livelihood, and its style is beautiful and graceful. Lu You's poems are famous for patriotism. His poems are neat and tidy, and later generations say "good confrontation is exhausted."

Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Dynasty