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With the development of social economy, the improvement of national education level, the continuous expansion of colleges and universities, and the continuous expansion of college students, a series of social problems of employment difficulties are more fully exposed. Problems such as college students' difficulty in finding jobs and living have become the hot spots and focus issues concerned by many media and all walks of life. These problems virtually divide college students into real vulnerable groups. How to treat and solve the employment and life problems of college students, a vulnerable group, deserves the attention of the party, the state and the government, and also requires the joint efforts of the whole society, colleges and students. Solving this problem can not only effectively promote social development and social stability, but also truly transform knowledge into productive forces, thus promoting the development of a country's strength. This paper analyzes the present situation of the disadvantaged groups of college students, and some practical and specific problems that they need to pay attention to. Starting from the current situation of college students' employment, this paper analyzes the basic reality of college students' employment, analyzes the relevant social security system of college students' employment in China at present, excavates the problems existing in the process of college students' employment, and puts forward corresponding solutions and suggestions, with a view to providing some reference for relevant functional departments to do a good job in the current employment of college students.

Keywords: the disadvantaged groups of college students find it difficult to find jobs and have a hard life. Social care and humanistic care

First, about college students-vulnerable groups.

In the past, the concept of "vulnerable groups" was divided into certain classes and groups to varying degrees, but college students were not included. However, with the increasing employment and life difficulties of college students in recent years and the more severe forms, college students have been virtually divided into real vulnerable groups, which has attracted the attention of many media and all walks of life. This hot spot and focus not only aroused people's extensive concern about this situation, but also triggered academic thinking and discussion. Professor Yang Zaihua from the Fine Arts Department of Xuzhou Normal University once mentioned in the article "Analysis and Countermeasures for the Employment Difficulties of Vulnerable Groups of College Students": Since the concept of "vulnerable groups" was first used in the government work report in 2000, researchers have defined "vulnerable groups" from multiple angles. It is considered that the disadvantaged group of college students is a relative concept, which refers to the group of college students who are at a disadvantage and have problems in study, life and employment due to gender, economic poverty, physical disability, psychological obstacles and competition failure. For example, female college students, poor students, disabled students, students with psychological problems and "ugly students" with bad looks all belong to "disadvantaged college students". Under the situation that the "adventure island" is no longer an alarmist, and the employment situation of college students is getting more and more severe, there are many indifferent attitudes and discriminatory behaviors in society, which makes the group of visually impaired college students unable to obtain equal employment rights, mercilessly deprived of the qualification of fair competition, and triggered various social conflicts and contradictions. The current situation of employment difficulties for the disadvantaged groups of college students is not conducive to social harmony and stability, and also runs counter to the goal of building a harmonious socialist society. This phenomenon cannot but be thought-provoking.

Second, the current employment situation of college students and existing problems

According to the statistics of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and Ministry of Education, the number of college graduates in China was 265,438+200,000 in 2003, 2.8 million in 2004, 3.33 million in 2005, 465,438+300,000 in 2006, 4.95 million in 2007, 5.59 million in 2008 and 665,433 in 2008. From the detailed data observation, it can be seen that the number of graduates has surged, totaling 35.33 million in eight years. According to the statistics of the education authorities, the employment rate of graduates in 2009 was only 35%, and the unemployed students after graduation are extremely severe. It is an indisputable fact that such a huge base has been formed. In the past, graduates did not have a good employment environment, and a group of people came, and the shortage of ideal jobs was more obvious. Although many enterprises are facing the shortage of labor, the jobs they provide are all general jobs, and the whole society is encouraging college students to go to the grassroots level and start from the basics, but this is contrary to the ultimate intention of going to school, and even forms a situation of useless education. So that they can't be high or low, and thus go to the vulnerable groups and marginal groups of society.

Thirdly, the problems of college students' employment difficulties and life difficulties, and the related solutions.

1, problems of college students themselves

First of all, the current employment problem of college students is inseparable from their own problems. Secondly, many social factors have caused the situation of "employment and life difficulties for college students".

On the one hand, many college students have low professional quality and comprehensive quality, lack of practical experience and poor practical ability. Can't do the tasks assigned by the leaders in the specific work, and have complaints; Secondly, college students' employment concept is wrong. Many college students are bound by traditional ideas and have high expectations for work. They always pretend to be "favored by heaven", with too high a posture, lacking an accurate evaluation of themselves and reality, and lacking a correct employment mentality.

All these need to strengthen the cultivation of college students' own quality, change their employment concept, adjust their employment mentality, establish the career development concept of "employment first, then choosing a job, then starting a business", recognize their current situation clearly, don't be too eager for quick success, reasonably reduce their employment expectations, and pay attention to their own experience accumulation and skill training; We should strengthen social practice; Establish the idea of "inequality and non-dependence", seize all available opportunities to improve their comprehensive quality and professional level, and actively apply for jobs through various forms and channels; We should have the spirit of being brave in innovation and trying, tap and open up the entrepreneurial market, and change the traditional employment ideas of "relying on parents", "relying on the country" and "taking the road of civil servants"; We should actively break the shackles of thought and give ourselves a passion.

2. Problems existing in enterprises

Since the second half of 2009, the aftermath of the financial crisis has gradually receded and the form of employment has greatly recovered. Although many enterprises are facing the dilemma of labor shortage, some employers have serious experience discrimination and gender discrimination against college students, and cannot provide a reasonable platform. In addition, some enterprises do not enforce the labor law enough and lack the business philosophy of cultivating and retaining talents, so that they watch the brain drain.

This is mainly manifested in the unreasonable salary of enterprises, the mismatch of positions provided and the inadequate implementation of labor law. Many enterprises always find fault with graduates, put forward some very harsh terms of employment agreements, extend the probation period without authorization, and occupy the fruits of graduates' labor for free. Although the country has made great norms and adjustments in this regard, the cooperation of enterprises is not active. If the salary of every enterprise is equal to the basic salary of civil servants and employees of public institutions, and every employee has social security such as endowment insurance, housing accumulation fund, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance and maternity insurance, and the legitimate rights and interests of workers are effectively protected, then it will no longer be compared with civil servants, and the phenomenon of pursuing the road of civil servants will retreat, thus serving enterprises in a down-to-earth manner.

Therefore, as an enterprise, we should have a long-term development vision, strive to create a United and harmonious corporate culture, maximize the absorption of college graduates in line with the development direction of the enterprise, and build a long-term stable team for the enterprise, so as not to affect the overall situation of long-term development because of short-term profits.

3. The problem of registered permanent residence and land loss cannot be solved.

The problem of registered permanent residence and lost land is a headache for millions or even tens of millions of unemployed graduates across the country. As we all know, the admission notice before entering the university stipulates that "all students must go through the relevant household registration transfer procedures with the school when entering the school". In this regard, students, without exception, moved their household registration to the school for unified management. However, after graduation, there was no stable job, and the hukou could not be returned to its original place (it used to be rural, but now it is not needed in the village), so it had to be placed in the talent management center and turned into a collective hukou. If this drags on for five or six years, or even more than ten years, it will not be solved for a lifetime. Without a stable job, you have to charge fees such as file management fees. Many unemployed college students want to survive through their original little land for planting, breeding and entrepreneurship, but only a little land is also deprived invisibly, which makes them poorer, life more difficult and leads to more vulnerability and marginalization. Theoretically, unemployed students are the worst part of landless peasants, but no one cares.

The state should introduce relevant regulations to protect the existing land rights and interests of unemployed college students, and the government should coordinate local towns to give such a vulnerable group-unemployed college students the help they deserve, return the land that originally belonged to them, and actively guide and encourage them to start businesses in rural areas.

4. The minimum living guarantee for college students is not in place and the government mechanism is not perfect.

At present, relevant safeguard measures have been formulated and implemented for farmers, state cadres, civil servants and other different groups: civil servants have relatively high treatment, perfect social security such as medical care and old-age care; Farmers also gradually implement old-age insurance, rural cooperative medical insurance and low-income subsidies to poor households. And unemployed college students? Have nothing, and become a neglected vulnerable group and marginal group.

In this regard, the state should also formulate the relevant security system for unemployed college students under the people-oriented situation, so as to promote the balanced and harmonious development of society and promote the construction of social attention.

5. Job shortage and competitive pressure.

Statistics show that the number of college graduates in recent eight years is more than 35 million, and the statistical employment rate is about 35%. In addition, the false employment data reported by unemployed college students and universities in the past show how low the employment rate is. Solving these graduates and promoting social unity and stability is a considerable problem.

This requires that no matter which industry or department, a certain proportion of employment should be formed. On the one hand, the government should standardize and improve the labor security system of enterprises (state-owned and private) and absorb some people; On the other hand, many government departments should also solve the employment problem of some students in a planned and necessary way. Strengthen the optimization of personnel structure, age, culture, integration and other issues to provide more opportunities for young people and leave enough space.

6. Provide a platform for rural entrepreneurship.

The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the idea of national innovation, and put innovation and entrepreneurship into the national economic development strategy, requiring all people to actively participate in independent entrepreneurship under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee. For college students, especially unemployed college students, opportunities and challenges coexist. With the rise of urban economy and increasingly fierce business competition, many entrepreneurs choose urban entrepreneurship, but ignore the rural entrepreneurial paradise. In fact, for entrepreneurs, the rural entrepreneurial environment has unpredictable development potential, and rural areas have the advantages of low market competitiveness, relaxed environment and low risk.

The party and government should actively call on and encourage young people with aspirations to start businesses in rural areas, and provide more platforms for college students to start businesses in rural areas. Encourage college graduates to develop planting, breeding and new technology industries in rural areas, and strive to drive and form new employment groups with their own strength.

7. The mechanism of innovation and self-employment is not perfect.

According to the survey, a large number of college graduates have the passion to start a business, but most of them are limited by this difficulty. Although the state and government give preferential treatment to a certain extent. However, the mechanism of college students' self-employment is not perfect, and there are still many problems in policy, such as complicated procedures.

In terms of college students' entrepreneurship, the state and government should increase venture capital and give preferential policies. We should support and guide college students' entrepreneurship from the policy, build an entrepreneurial platform for young students who are interested in entrepreneurship, provide entrepreneurial training, help them raise funds, and give corresponding preferential policies, so as to "help them get on the horse and give them a ride". Effectively solve the problems of venture capital and technology.

In terms of preferential treatment for college students' venture capital, especially on the issue of loans, the state and the government should establish corresponding and differentiated credit mechanisms, which should be targeted, strive for simplified procedures and promote the progress of entrepreneurship. As for the system of taking civil servants as guarantee and wages as collateral to get loans, the state and the government should intensify reform and strive for more convenient ways to help students start businesses. Because it involves the credit problem of venture capital, the relevant departments take the guarantee of civil servants as the condition, and many entrepreneurs can't find suitable guarantors, which forms an indirect restriction and barrier to entrepreneurship. Although young and ambitious entrepreneurs have the passion and enthusiasm for starting a business, they can't afford to play without a platform. In the interest-free payment guarantee, can we try the combination of diploma mortgage+multi-household joint guarantee+entity, or take some other ways. Only in this way can we do some practical things for college students' entrepreneurship and play a real role.

8. Continuing education with academic qualifications

At the same time of full-time university education, continuing education with academic qualifications should be recognized in order to form a good supplement.

At present, a large number of positions in national and local recruitment restrict academic qualifications, and diplomas issued by continuing education with academic qualifications are not recognized, but after entering the work list, you can get a salary increase and promotion with the diploma of continuing education with academic qualifications. This contradiction is undoubtedly unfair to candidates, increasing the difficulty of employment and raising the employment threshold. The state and government should establish perfect and consistent policies and regulations. Either unified denial or unified recognition.

The author thinks that continuing education for academic qualifications should be recognized, because since the state allows these institutions to exist, it is reasonable. On the one hand, it can form further education, enhance personal learning goals and improve personal cultural literacy; On the other hand, it can timely and effectively solve and meet certain talent supply and demand.

9, increase the investigation of false employment information in schools, strengthen the management of employment information, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of students.

Through investigation and feedback from many students, we know that in recent years, in the reporting of employment statistics in colleges and universities in China, false employment and forced employment are rampant. Perhaps the social pressure is too great. In order to cope with the inspection by the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, colleges and universities are touting the employment rate, because the continuous employment rate of each school will affect the enrollment plan for next year, and the statistics of the employment rate of colleges and universities are often based on the signing of employment agreements issued by the Ministry of Education. About two months before graduation every year, the Ministry of Education will make a college enrollment plan for the next year according to the employment rate. Many colleges and universities will try their best to recruit their own students, especially some little-known colleges and universities. Many provinces and universities even refuse students to apply for teacher qualification certificates, issue party membership certificates and temporarily refuse to issue graduation certificates without signing employment agreements. The appearance of this kind of behavior is not individual, but universal. This statistical method leads to the distortion of the employment information of the employed population and graduates.

After in-depth investigation in a university for several years, 60% of the employment situation is surprisingly false, and even joked (in fact, it is also realistic) that business operators near some universities in society have a bowl of light rice: set the seal of a company, stamp the employment agreement and pay a handling fee of 10 yuan or 20 yuan. We hope that our media and regulatory agencies can conduct a serious investigation and report on these phenomena every year when they graduate from college.

Judging from the above situation (which is true here), not only has the school lost the minimum professional ethics standards, but it is not difficult to reflect a problem from the side: that is, the government's supervision is not enough and the relevant laws and regulations are not perfect. The state only makes statistics on employment every year, but it becomes a problem to pay a return visit and investigate whether its authenticity is really implemented seriously. This requires the government to pay a serious return visit to the annual employment. In addition, national laws and regulations should assume the employment responsibility of college graduates, strictly investigate and deal with fraudulent colleges and universities, impose necessary penalties on government regulatory agencies, and hold those responsible accountable, so as to truly guarantee students' employment, truly serve students, and crack down on illegal acts.