About the details of Wang Anshi, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
I. Wang Anshi's Poems
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II. Introduction
Wang Anshi (102 1 18 February1086 May 2 1), whose real name was posthumous title, was known as Wang Wengong, and he called himself Mr. Linchuan in his later years. Wang Anshi's political reform had a far-reaching impact on the social economy in the late Northern Song Dynasty, with the characteristics of modern political reform. Wang Anshi pushed forward the reform with the spirit of "insufficient weather, insufficient ancestors and insufficient human words", trying to get rid of the disadvantages accumulated in the Northern Song Dynasty and implementing a series of measures to enrich Qiang Bing. He was a great reformer in China in the 1 1 century. He made outstanding achievements in literature, and was one of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty and Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty.
His poem "Learn from Du Fu's thin and bitter songs" is good at reasoning and rhetoric, and is good at using allusions. His style is vigorous, alert and delicate, and there are also works with deep feelings. He is the author of the Collection of Mr. Linchuan's Works, including the Collection of Wang Linchuan's Works, the Collection of Linchuan's Works and the famous essay "A Journey to the Mountain by Baochan".
Third, personal grievances.
When it comes to Su Dongpo's political enemies, Wang Anshi is the hardest to say. But in fact, it is absolutely impossible to avoid Wang Anshi, because they not only belong to two political camps, but also have a relationship between superiors and subordinates, and there are personal grievances between them. After Wang Anshi's death, Su Shi, the founder of Zhongshu, wrote "Ci" for him, which shows that the relationship is extraordinary.
As soon as Dongpo entered the official career, he fell into the struggle between the old and new parties. His father and younger brother, his respected elders in North Korea, and his relatives and friends are almost on the side of the old party. Of course, what is more important is that Dongpo's own political ideas are completely different from the new law, and his academic thoughts are also incompatible with the new learning. Honest and straightforward, he can't keep silent about the emerging New Deal against his will, and he is bound to become the political enemy of the New Party and clash with Wang Anshi, the leader of the New Party.
Su Xun and Wang Anshi are not related by blood. During the period of Jia _, Su Xun moved the capital with articles, but Wang Anshi didn't say a word of praise. When Wang Anshi's mother died, ministers from the DPRK went to offer condolences, but Su Xun didn't go alone. Dongpo's evaluation of his father's "On Distinguishing Traitors" is not high, and he thinks it is exaggerated. Dongpo also appreciates Wang Anshi's literary talent, and once praised Wang Anshi's A Record of Yingzong as the highest historical book in this dynasty.
However, Dongpo was very dissatisfied with Wang Anshi's boasting, and once laughed at him in his letter to Liu Chang. In the second year of Xining (1069), Dongpo's tribute theory was not changed lightly, and Zongshen attached great importance to it, so he met with it on the same day, and then asked Dongpo to amend the China Book Regulations, but Wang Anshi stopped it and strongly recommended Lv Huiqing. In the same year, Dongpo was the examiner for imperial academy juren, and Wang Anshi was greatly displeased with the topic of arbitrary monarch's rise and fall in history. Zongshen also wanted Dongpo to repair Juzhu, but Wang Anshi said Dongpo was not a "prize-winning person". Zongshen called Dongpo outstanding in literary talent and gentle in temperament, and was praised by Sima Guang, Han Wei and other ministers. Wang Anshi wrote back that Dongpo was a "dangerous man" and said that when Dongpo was lost by his father in 1066, Han Qi and others did not receive the gold, but sold the sappan wood into Shu by the official ship that transported the funeral, and said it was known. So Dongpo is smart and famous, but he can only be a judge, but he can't be of great use.
But Wang Anshi is by no means a traitor, and the contradiction between him and Su Dongpo is only the difference in political concept. In order to carry out the New Deal, of course, Wang Anshi will attack and refuse to purge the opposition, but he will only be demoted or released. He will never frame his opponent on the charge of liquidation and will never attempt to kill him. Even when the Wutai poetry case happened, Wang Anshi, who had resigned from his post, also wrote to the emperor to rescue Su Dongpo, a good friend and political enemy, and bluntly said, "There is no such thing as killing talents in the Holy Land." You know, Wang Anshi and Su Dongpo have long been at odds in political views. Su Dongpo was in trouble because of attacking the New Deal, but Wang Anshi was able to abandon his personal opinions and uphold justice. What's more, at that time, not only Su Shi himself had been beaten to confess, but even many of his own relatives and friends were silent, and no one dared to say a word for Su Dongpo. At this time, Wang Anshi was a person who was rejected by emperors and officials. At this time, he was beaten black and blue, lost his beloved son's family, and was poor at home alone. In this case, Su Dongpo can still take risks when his relatives and friends dare not speak for him. Therefore, regardless of his personal likes and dislikes, he would rather take risks than speak for Su Shi in front of others, even his relatives and friends did not dare to speak for him, and still stood up and shouted for Su Shi to the emperor when he lost power. What a noble character!
Similarly, Su Shi's dissatisfaction with Wang Anshi is limited to his political ideas. Su Dongpo not only wrote poems to Wang Anshi after his fall, saying that he was "ten years late for public office", but also spoke highly of his political opponents in a letter written on behalf of Song Zhezong, saying that Wang Anshi was a "rare person" because God entrusted him with "extraordinary things" and praised him for his "fame and fame". Extraordinary travel is enough to blow all over the world. "
In addition, Wang Anshi's character is admired by both enemies and friends, and there is nothing to say. Wang Anshi is simple, frugal and well-read. He had a high prestige among the literati at that time, and was the only prime minister in history who did not sit in a sedan chair or take a concubine and left no legacy after his death.
Fourth, literary achievements.
Politician, thinker and writer Wang Anshi is not only an outstanding politician and thinker, but also an outstanding writer. In order to realize his political ideal, he closely linked literary creation with political activities, emphasizing that the role of literature first lies in serving the society, emphasizing the practical function and social effect of articles, and advocating the unity of literature and Taoism. His essays generally carry out his literary thoughts, and most of his works are enlightening and suitable for the world by decree. He opposed the vague and powerless style of Yang Yi and Liu Yun of Quincy School, and thought that "the so-called writers are just doing something to make up for the world." The so-called resignation, there are still sculptures. Sincerity is ingenious and elegant, and need not be smeared; If you apply it, you don't have to be smart and flashy. It should be application-oriented and painting-oriented. "It is precisely because Anshi regards the concept of" application "of" serving the world "as the foundation of literary creation, so his works expose the shortcomings of the times, reflect social contradictions and have a strong political color. Linchuan Collection, Linchuan Collection, Mr. Linchuan's Songs and Mr. Linchuan's Collected Works are now preserved. His book "Shang" was included in the second volume of the first day of the People's Education Publishing House.
Concise, concise and vigorous, his prose is vigorous, concise and extraordinary, and he expounds political opinions and opinions in the form of books, tables, notes and preface, which serves the reform and innovation. These articles have clear views and profound analysis on current political or social issues. Long articles are horizontal but not concise, short ones are broken but not detailed. Wang Anshi's political essays are outstanding among the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He has a good command of language, and his words are concise and lively, but it doesn't hurt his writing ability. His prose is full of twists and turns and concise. Quotations from Emperor Ren Shang is a masterpiece advocating social change. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the diplomatic dilemma of internal troubles and foreign invasion in the Northern Song Dynasty, it put forward a complete political reform proposal, which showed the author's progressive thought of "ruling the country from the people's diseases". "Nothing happened in this century", while describing and explaining the peaceful situation and reasons in the early Song Dynasty for more than a hundred years, pointed out sharply the social problems that were at stake at that time, expected the Sect to make political achievements, and thought that "the promising day is today". It played the prelude to the New Deal that began in the second year. Answering Sima Zhi's remonstrance, he refuted Sima Guang's accusation that the new law invaded officials, caused trouble, demanded benefits and refused to remonstrate. It is short and clear, and its wording is appropriate, which reflects the author's firm and principled statesmanship. An Shi's political essays, whether long or short, are very rigorous in structure, excellent in thinking, thorough in reasoning and concise in language. "It only takes one or two sentences to wipe out a large number of others" (Liu Xizai's Art Outline). Text outline), with strong generality and logic. At this time, it played a positive role in promoting the political reform and consolidating the achievements of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. Some of Wang Anshi's essays are famous, such as The Story of Guns, Reading Biography, Biography of Assassins, Shang and so on. Among them, the evaluation characters are powerful in brushwork, profound in writing and full of emotions, giving people a fresh feeling of being suddenly enlightened. He also has a part of landscape travel prose: "The Rise and Creation of Chengkeng Courtyard", which is concise, lively and labor-saving, just like Liu Zongyuan; "A Journey to Baochan Mountain" not only records the journey, but also has great significance. The combination of the two is close and natural, and a simple cave tour experience illustrates the great truth: "If foreigners are close, there will be countless tourists; The risks are far away, but the risks are few. The extraordinary worldview is often to stay away from danger, and everyone is rare. "
Poetic attainments Wang Anshi's poems can be roughly divided into early and late stages, with obvious differences in content and style, based on the time when Wang Anshi went on strike in Xining for nine years (1076). "Gong Jing is not very confident, so the poetic language is exactly what he wants. Then he became a group of shepherds. He made a fake collection of poems from the Song Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, learned a lot and took it with him, and began to appreciate it in his later years "(Ye Mengde's Shi Lin Shi Hua). The early poems are good at reasoning and have obvious tendencies, involving many important and sharp societies. The problem noticed the sufferings of the lower classes and made an unfair voice for them. Feelings, mergers, reinforcements, etc. Describe and prompt the weakness of the national situation or the corruption of internal affairs in Song Dynasty from the political, economic and military aspects, point out the harm of land annexation by big landlords and businessmen to the country and the people, and put forward the suggestion of "elite soldiers"; "Collecting Salt" and "Hebei People" reflect the tragic experience of the people being oppressed by the rulers at that time. "In the Examination Room" and "Marking" directly criticized the imperial examination system of selecting scholars by poetry, and demanded that competent talents be used to help the world; Yuan Ri and Song Yuanfeng enthusiastically eulogized the new atmosphere and people's joy brought by the reform; Shang Yang and Jia Sheng, etc. By evaluating the merits and demerits of historical figures, he expressed his new views and progressive significance. Wang Anshi's seclusion in his later period brought about changes in his poetry creation. He lingered and reveled in the countryside, with a narrow theme, and a large number of poems about scenery and things replaced the previous political poems, expressing a leisurely interest. But artistic expression is perfect. "Elegant and exquisite, vulgar and unbearable, every irony will sink between the teeth and cheeks." Such as boating in Guazhou, Riverside, Plum Blossom and Mr. Yin's Writing on the Wall of the Lake. The observation is meticulous, exquisite and delicate, and the artistic conception is long and fresh, showing praise and love for the beauty of nature, which has always been told by people.
Wang Ti's "Wang Ti" is characterized by its emphasis on meaning and rhetoric. He took great pains in using materials, coining words and refining words. It is novel, ingenious and implicit, and the main carrier is his elegant and exquisite quatrains in his later period. Its advantage is that it is a writer, practical and accurate; Its disadvantage lies in the idea of writing poems for work, which is too many and difficult to discuss, so it hurts the body and asks for skills in work; Therefore, "Wang Ti" has both profound and unyielding characteristics, as well as stiff and weird characteristics. This not only embodies some characteristics of Song poetry, but also tends to return to Tang poetry. It can be said that there are both Tang and Song tunes, which have a great influence on the development of Song poetry. Wang Anshi wrote about twenty poems today. Although he is not a famous poet, his "works are thin and elegant, washing away the old habits of the Five Dynasties" (Liu Xizai's "Art, Ci and Qulue"). The word Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Mausoleum Nostalgia reveals the decadent life of the ruling class in the Six Dynasties by describing the magnificent scenery of Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and is known as the swan song of nostalgia for the past. Like Fan Zhongyan's "Fisherman's Passion" and "Qiu Lai's Unique Scenery", it is the forerunner of bold words and has a good influence on later ci circles.
Literature advocates a comprehensive view of Wang Anshi's works from the perspective of literature. He has made outstanding achievements in poetry, prose and ci. The poetry innovation movement in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty was vigorously promoted by him, which contributed to sweeping away the glitz and splendor that was all the rage in the early Song Dynasty. However, Wang Anshi's literary thought overemphasizes "practicality" and often underestimates the role of art forms. Many of his poems often show that the elements of argument and reasoning are too heavy, thin and stiff, and lack image and charm. There are some poems that are obscure and dry, but they are also a star in the history of China's poetry.