On Baroque and Its Western Origin
The style of western artistic creation is mostly presented in two aspects: one is to express the personality and temperament of the object itself; Then there is the artist's own personality and temperament transmission. The former is more common in form than in spirit. This shape has no bottom. A character has different sides, different expressions in the wind and sunshine, different moods when sitting, lying and standing, and so on. At different times and stages, it is necessary to capture relatively idealized moments in his creation. The process of spirit likeness is the artistic observation result achieved by the creator with his unique perception and expressive force. In our eyes, several old trees are just dying, but in Yunlin's pen, they have become gentlemen. David is a hero in the Bible. He became an idol in Michelangelo's hands. The theme of ancient Roman mythology is the marble-like ideal realm under the works of Flanders oil painting masters Rubens and Van Dyke, that is, Baroque artistic style!
Like the addresses of many schools, baroque is a derogatory term. The word "Baroque" is a derivative of Baroque, which originally meant irregular and not full pearls. It is mainly used to describe the complicated style popular in medieval architecture. However, after several evolutions and centuries of prevalence, it finally became the mainstream style of early western modern art creation, and actually covered and developed all western classical traditional aesthetics _ solemn and elegant; Lyric but not frustrated; Romance without losing elegance and tranquility ... has even become one of the main characteristics of western culture today. Pursuing classic, vivid and magnificent scenes, Hummer and its characters are full of passion and fierce humanity. Goddess, rock springs, Shui Ze, flowers and trees ... are mostly symbols of truth, goodness and beauty. There are also sports endowed with religious sense and spiritual meaning, which make the picture dynamic and static, such as music combinations such as major chords, symphonies and symphonies. From aesthetic lyricism and epic narration to divine fable and classical pretense, there are Greek ancient customs, aria passion and humanistic ideals after the Renaissance, which are so full of divine imagination and feelings, just like the air is full of moisture and the snow is full of sunshine.
If baroque style is the essence of western art, we should also know that humanism is the source of classical spirit of western culture. From architecture and music to sculpture and painting, including instrumental music, piano concertos by Handel, Bach, Vivaldi, Mendelssohn, Mozart, Sadofen and Chopin, and sketches by holbein, Rufan, Pu Sang and Prudden are typical representatives of Baroque art permeated with humanistic spirit. Their creative themes have never been divorced from the Bible, classical myths, the Creator and Christ. Their creations are all artistic myths, and the icon of Christ is the greatest portrait. Just like the Tiananmen Gate and the statue of Mao Zedong today ... both of them contain the secularity and rationality of human beings, and the divinity in the first place.
In western painting, Baroque style has always emphasized the grandeur of composition, highlighting beautiful mythological themes in fables, and of course it is inseparable from the spiritual characteristics of that religious experience. Therefore, properly speaking, this style is actually a religious spirit since ancient times. It is actually traced back to the sacred talent and wonderful imagination displayed by ancient Greek architectural sculptures. Dante's Divine Comedy and Renaissance architectural sculptures are excellent annotations of this spiritual trait. There are always beautiful women and quiet springs in the picture, distant scenery, brave and handsome men or strong horses ... portraits are like the perspective of the soul, complex or heavy details, and harmonious colors are like big chords, all of which are baroque combinations. Baroque style is not a kaleidoscope, it has the same time, but it just has the most typical things of westerners and * * *.
When it comes to baroque painting, we first think of Caravaggio. He is an outstanding master in the Roman Baroque era, who is good at shading, opening the door to highlight figures and create a sense of volume with light and shadow, making figure painting more realistic and more scene-like than Mona Lisa's smile, instead of winning with harmony, elegance and grandeur of colors like Venetian painting school. In the early baroque style, everything was simple, elegant, harmonious and heavy, adhering to the source of ancient Greek art. Such as Milan Gallo's sculpture, Rubens' painting, pursuing large-scale spatial proportion, striving for greatness and rejecting mediocre formal expression, and even changing details like still life ... are its typical characteristics. Pu Sang's "The Shepherd of Acadia" and other works, from elegant characters and colors to poetic dreamlike scenes, have inherited obvious ancient Greek customs. The sacred utopian background is also a part of its style, which has a strong pastoral tendency in the later period and is mostly inherited by Rococo style. Spanish painter velazquez, in his work Textile Woman, showed an ancient Greek woman's simple and elegant back with vigorous and clever brushwork, which was even better than her sacred and extraordinary bearing. The Flemish painter Vandyke painted his famous self-portrait 1622-23 (now in the El Mittag Museum in St. Petersburg) and Anne? In The Portrait of Madame Carr, the elements of Baroque painting are vividly interpreted. His two important works, Cornelis van de Gist in 1620 (now in the National Gallery of London) and Jan van den Warwell in 1632 (now in the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts), depict two energetic and wise old people, which set an example for future generations. Just because of the extroversion psychology of western nations, it is inevitable to show off their language skills too much, thus showing obvious aristocratic atmosphere.
According to the professional formulation, the demarcation of Rome-Baroque or Baroque is generally1590–1790, which spans only 200 years. And aesthetic factors, such as the extreme admiration for form, stylism (the elegance &; The elegance and beauty of demeanor, excessive affectation, praising God, worshiping God's creativity, wealth and the meaning of grand narrative, at the same time, publicizing the dignity of human nature ... and so on, can be seen in the works of Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael, not to mention the architectural sculptures of ancient Greece, because they are in the same strain and should be harmonious and interactive. Its aesthetic origin comes from Greece and Rome, which is close to the Italian Renaissance. It didn't start suddenly from someone, but stopped suddenly from someone. In fact, it is the representative style of western traditional quality and its constant teaching, which also shows that it has penetrated into all aspects of western culture in spirit, including architecture, art, poetry, literature, dance, music and so on.
Although not all the early people engaged in the art of sculpture and painting were nobles, they also had the help of businessmen and giants. In the 16 and 17 centuries, baroque art was more attached to the upper class, and its clients were mostly churches, palaces and private villas, which were often status symbols, such as completing giant murals and celestial paintings, or making a large number of religious prints and illustrations. In view of the heavy and tiring work, it takes great efforts and painstaking efforts to complete a creation, so it is regarded as a creative task and integrated with science and technology and engineering. In its heyday, the great and extraordinary achievements of artists seem to prove the inaction and insignificance of street work It goes without saying that painters are prolific and museums have a large collection. As long as you look at the famous paintings on the walls of deep houses, you can't underestimate them. When it comes to representative baroque painters, a long list of names can be brought out here. Besides Caravaggio, Rubens, Pu Sang and velazquez, there are also people like Van Dyke (Van Dyke 1599- 164 1, Flemish) and Palmi Giannino (Palmani number 1503-40, Italian). French), Bulun (Louis de boulogne1654–1738) While praising the emperor and heroes, they also inadvertently showed the portrait faces of those arrogant and arrogant dignitaries. When it comes to female themes, apart from myths, there is no shortage of powder and pleasure, and at the same time, rococo, a "small language" in the history of art, has been cultivated.
Western aesthetics always emphasizes outward expression, but it never lacks inner spirit and primitive wisdom, but it lacks a little introverted side more or less, which leads to its artistic mode becoming materialistic, commercialized, interesting, stylized and fashionable ... that is, from its prototype to the concept of life-from the initial prototype to the life in our innovative era! ! This includes western architecture, museums, gallery institutions, fashion and decoration, religion and creation, possession and auction, etc. They were gradually introduced into Hyunri with oriental art, mostly about the formation of Yi Zhi art stars; The former pays more attention to prototype thinking and originality of life (the original &; Prototype thinking)
Many laymen, including myself in my early years, have the illusion that Rubens is a butcher shop. Actually, it is not, from Pheidias's "Three Fates" carved on the gables, the royal instrumental music of Holbein, Rubens, Van Dyke and Han Deer, the piano music of Mozart and Beethoven, to Proudhon, the representative figure of "Romantic" painting art in Europe at the beginning of19th century ... They bear a context full of idealism and a deified theme.
Leonardo da Vinci's paintings are like the pen of creation, and Michelangelo's celestial paintings and sculptures are overwhelming, trying to compete with God. Western classical humanism combines aesthetic divinity, humanity and rationality, which reflects its eternal cultural spirit and is also the essence of western context. Of course, Baroque art is a typical representative, and its origin can be traced back to ancient and medieval philosophy, religion and technology. On the pillars of Greek temples, in the spire of St. Peter's church after the Middle Ages, and in the private paintings of western castles, this layer of connotation is reflected. Therefore, in my eyes, this baroque spirit is the best essence of western civilization ... just because it contains western civilization's thinking and interpretation of the unity of man and nature, if it is missing, it will no longer be the West in the strict sense! Some things, such as the way of Confucius and Mencius, are ancient and light, and the clouds are deep; Because of the forest, it is far sacred. Regrettably, the baroque temperament in western culture has been lost in today's western painting, and today's western art is only a pan-American glimpse.
Oriental painting has been full of personalized secular essence since ancient times, and we regard it as "the view of joining the WTO"
Orientals are often taught to be strong and tenacious in the face of life problems and failures, but not too weak and pitiful. In the face of natural and man-made disasters and environmental pressures, we must suppress our emotions and not be too sad. It is against human nature to abandon innocence. Over time, the majesty and vicissitudes of God can't change the defects of our personality, and the symphony of thousands of voices can't touch our hearts any more. Some are just dry perverts, no longer the imagination of being born and dying to nirvana like summer flowers and the rebirth of that kind of emotion ... There is no praise for everything among the gods; There is almost no poetic praise for tidal life. Excited palpitations replaced the humble heart, high passion, hardness and softness, and the true feelings of the past were mostly replaced by care and embarrassment for a living society. Since then, art has become a kind of inner distortion vent. Besides Peking Opera Xipi and Huang Er and Pipa's House of Flying Daggers, there are four monks and eight friends' landscapes, and the flowers, plants, fish and insects of Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics are typical examples. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Gao Gu ceased to exist. Because it can't be precipitated and can't be let go. We seldom have the idyllic romance of Arcadia, the piety and elegance of Canon in G, and the strings of Pachibel. There are only bodhisattvas and Maitreya buddhas who bow their heads and smile, or old witches. They don't like the beloved Aphrodite or the goddess of victory in Samothrace. She will fly to Ran Ran and arrive soon. Therefore, from a certain point of view, our oriental personality is flawed and incomplete. Many of our national quintessence are deformed. Not only Xipi and Huang Er, erhu, Banhu and Ma Touqin in Beijing Opera, but also the tone of the original sound of the Loess Plateau, which is similar to the geisha in Japanese traditional culture, are abnormal catharsis ... completely different from the brilliant passion expressed by Bel Canto and its music in western operas.
On the contrary, it is the secular truth of western style. It originated from the folk custom of Arcadia in early ancient Greece. Arcadia refers to the idyllic, simple and quiet life in ancient times. This secularity is pure and elegant, with the diversity of human nature, concrete and typical personality characteristics, and gives it ideal personality and religious beauty. From ancient Greek wandering poems and Christian bibles to Handel's musicians' oratorios, as well as French rural genre and landscape paintings ... all continue this feature. Different from oriental painting, the essence of divine escape is always more than human nature and rationality. Of course, in my opinion, art should be graded according to its beauty.
Facing the countryside of Shan Ye, Beethoven always thought about music and composed symphonies. Keluo thought of fairy tales and created a dreamlike poetic landscape. Tao Jingjie thought of seclusion, and the poem said that he would come if he wanted to, and he would leave if he wanted to. Or recluse, or beyond the three realms; "There are tens of millions of buildings in Ande, which makes the poor all over the world happy." The feeling of red or sophistication has different romances. As Jing Jie's poem says:
"That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say."