Cloning is a transliteration of the English word clone, which comes from the Greek word klon. Its original intention is to cultivate plants through asexual reproduction or vegetative reproduction, such as stem cutting and grafting.

Today's cloning refers to the asexual reproduction of organisms through somatic cells and the population of offspring individuals with exactly the same genotype formed through asexual reproduction. Cloning can also be understood as copying, copying, that is, producing the same copy from the prototype, and its appearance and genetic genes are exactly the same as the prototype.

1February, 1997, the news that Dolly the Sheep was born immediately attracted the attention of the whole world. This cloned sheep bred by British biologists through cloning technology means that human beings can use a somatic cell in an animal to create the same life as this animal, breaking the eternal laws of nature.

How to evaluate cloning technology?

No matter how to criticize and beautify his behavior, many famous scientists in the world have similar views: "Learian" has no scientific purpose in conducting human cloning experiments, in a word, it is not for scientific progress.

Many scientists believe that when commenting on the event of human cloning, it is important to first make clear: does human beings need human cloning?

Ali, Department of Genetics, Sergenov Medical College, Moscow? Professor Asanov commented that the possibility of technology and technology far exceeds our understanding of "what human needs".

Supporters of human cloning argue that this technology can help infertile people have their own offspring.

In fact, this requirement can be met in other safer and more effective ways. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is only an excuse to use cloning technology to carry on the family line, and there is an unscientific commercial purpose hidden behind the human cloning experiment.

Professor Asanov believes that at present, human cloning has no prospect and no significance. It is worth pointing out that no one can predict the consequences of human cloning now, so it is immoral to conduct human cloning experiments now.

Repairing diseased organs is the future of cloning.

Professor Asanov said that the Russian scientific community firmly believes that the future of cloning technology should be the application in medical treatment, that is, "medical therapeutic cloning". But the problem is that the expression of this term is still extremely inaccurate.

"Medical therapeutic cloning" is essentially a method of establishing transplanted cell materials, which has nothing in common with current cloning. It is a cell technology that can cultivate healthy organs, and diseased organs can be partially or completely replaced by this technology.

According to Professor Asanov's explanation, scientists only touched on the process that happened inside the human body, and only had a superficial understanding. Not long ago, scientists interpreted the human genome map, but they still can't apply the acquired knowledge well to uncover the mystery of the human body. To this end, scientists have to conduct in-depth research for several years before they can improve and master cloning technology.

Now, 99% of clones will be ugly.

Professor Asanov said that Russian scientists have warned more than once that 99% of the products of cloning experiments are ugly.

Their example is: Dolly the famous cloned sheep was obtained after 300 failures. Unfortunately, Dolly is not a healthy lamb. She suffers from arthritis and other diseases, and has symptoms of premature aging. In addition, various developmental deformities were found in all other cloned animals. Russian scientists, including Professor Asanov, believe that it is at least irresponsible to conduct human cloning experiments under such circumstances. The life of human cloning will be a nightmare. At the age of 30, they will become old people.

What can cologne water have?

It should be said that all creatures can be cloned.

What is cloned now?

Frog: 1962, unsuccessful.

Carp: 1963, China scientist Tong Dizhou successfully cloned a female carp by inserting the DNA of a male carp into the egg of a female carp as early as 1963, which was 33 years earlier than Dolly's cloning. However, because the related papers were published in a China sci-tech journal and were not translated into English, they are not well-known internationally. (From: Public Broadcasting Company)

Sheep: 1996, Dolly

Macaque: Tetra, female, June 5438 +2000 10.

Pigs: in March 2000, 5 Scottish PPL piglets; August, Xena, female

Cattle: 200 1 year, alpha and beta, male.

Cat: 200 1 ending, plagiarist (CC), female.

Mouse: In 2002

Rabbit: It was independently realized in France and South Korea from March to April, 2003;

Mule: May 2003, Gem, Idaho, male; June, Utah pioneer, male

Deer: Dewey in 2003.

Ma: Prometea, female, 2003.

Dog: 2005, experimental team of Seoul National University, South Korea, Snaby.

Although great progress has been made in cloning research, the success rate of cloning is still quite low: before Dolly was born, researchers experienced 276 failed attempts; After 9000 attempts, 70 calves were born, and one third of them died at an early age. Prometea also made 328 attempts to be born successfully. For some species, such as cats and orangutans, there are no reports of successful cloning. The cloning experiment of dogs is also the result of hundreds of repeated experiments.

Dolly's age test after birth showed that she was old when she was born. At the age of six, she developed arthritis, which is common in old age. This aging is thought to be caused by the wear of telomeres. Telomeres are terminal chromosomes. With cell division, telomeres are constantly worn during replication, which is usually considered as the cause of aging. However, after successfully cloning cows, the researchers found that they were actually younger. The analysis of their telomeres shows that they not only return to the length at birth, but also are longer than the telomeres at birth. This means that they can live longer than ordinary cattle, but many of them die prematurely because of overgrowth. Researchers believe that related research can eventually be used to change human life span.

Human cloning

Because of the possible ethical and practical consequences, human cloning has always been a controversial topic. Many people think it is immoral to try to clone human beings, but some scientists openly claim to try to clone human beings. Some groups claim that they are conducting human cloning research or have cloned people, but there is no independent source to confirm this.