The novel research methods adopted in this paper have great methodological value and great influence on the scientific development of phonology. The article "The General Trend of Intermediate Tone Turning in Guang Yun" is also a groundbreaking study of phonology with the method of language statistics. He also pointed out that the advantage of this method is that it can get rid of the mistakes in the version, the mistakes in the text itself and the mistakes in phonetic notation in the study of Confucian classics in Han and Wei Dynasties.
His Introduction to Ancient Phonology (1947 Yanjing Journal No.20) is his masterpiece of phonology research.
The book Poetic Rhyme (1948 Yanjing Journal Special Issue No.21) is the first monograph in China to annotate The Book of Songs according to personal opinions.
From 1946 to 1948, he published nine papers on the history of ancient mandarin phonology in Yanjing Journal (these nine papers were published by the Commercial Press under the title of Lu Zhiwei's Modern Chinese Phonology).
These papers provide rich materials for the study of Chinese phonetic history. Its highly academic and original research has made great contributions to the scientific development of China history.
In the study of Chinese vocabulary and grammar, his "Vocabulary of Monosyllabic Words in Beijing Dialect" (People's Publishing House, 195 1 year; The book "65438+ Revised Edition" published by Science Press in 0964 is the result of studying a large number of spoken materials in Beijing, and is an important reference book for studying Chinese vocabulary, grammar and text reform.
His book "Chinese Word Formation" (Cooperation, Science Press, 1957) is a monograph to solve the linking problem of pinyin characters, analyze spoken materials in Beijing, and deeply study the existing word segmentation methods and standards. The book takes the structural analysis method-expansion method as the formal standard to determine the boundaries of Chinese words. It has great influence and value on the study of Chinese word formation, the establishment of theoretical system of Chinese word formation, and the solution of word segmentation and hyphenation of pinyin characters.
Linguist and Psychologist —— Lu Zhiwei
Shao rongfen
Lu Zhiwei (1894— 1970) is a famous linguist and psychologist. He used to be a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Institute of Linguistics of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Lu Zhiwei, formerly known as Lu Baoqi, was born in Nanxun Town, Xing Wu County, Huzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. 1908 studied in the middle school affiliated to Soochow University in Suzhou, and 19 10 entered Soochow University. 19 13 graduated from university, and stayed there as a teacher of Chinese, English and geography in the attached middle school.
19 16 was sent to the United States as an outstanding student of Soochow University to study religious psychology at Vanderbilt University and Aberdeen Teachers College. The following year, I transferred to the Department of Psychology, Department of Physiology, University of Chicago to study physiological psychology. 1920 graduated from Ph.D. and returned to China in the same year as a professor at Nanjing Normal University. 65438-0922 Professor and Head of Department of Psychology, Southeast University.
1927 at the invitation of yenching university, he was hired as a professor and head of the Department of Psychology.
1933 won a scholarship and went to the university of Chicago to study physiological psychology again.
I returned to China the following year. Acting President yenching university, Chairman and President of the School Council. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he was arrested and imprisoned for supporting students' anti-Japanese activities 194 1. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he led the resumption of studies in yenching university.
After People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, he continued to preside over the work of yenching university.
1952 After the adjustment, the college was transferred to the Institute of Linguistics of China Academy of Sciences (now China Academy of Social Sciences) to engage in linguistic research. He is a first-class researcher and a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences.
He has served as a member of the first Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, director of the Preparatory Committee of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, member of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme Committee, editorial board member of China Language magazine, and head of the China History Research Group of the Institute of Languages.
Mr Lu Zhiwei's scientific research career can be divided into two periods, the first is psychology, and the second is linguistics. During his teaching in Nanjing Normal University and Southeast University, Lu Zhiwei devoted himself tirelessly to the research of experimental psychology, educational psychology, social psychology and personality psychology. Fred) test, published "Revised Binet.Alfred-Simon Test Description", "New Theory of Social Psychology" and other works, and put forward many new ideas, which attracted the attention of Chinese and foreign psychologists. His translation of Introduction to Educational Psychology (originally written by E.L. Thorndike) introduced Pavlov's theory and the theories and methods of various schools of western psychology to China readers for the first time, thus being recognized as one of the pioneers and founders of modern psychology in China. Modern psychology is a new discipline in modern science. In the late 1920s, it was only a few decades since it broke away from the philosophical matrix, and people inevitably doubted its scientific nature. It is in this case that Lu Zhiwei and others began to introduce western modern psychology into China. During his tenure as the head of the Department of Psychology of Yanda University, Lu Zhiwei built the Department of Psychology into a department with advanced equipment through careful planning. The course of system psychology he offered is considered to be a pioneering work. Because of his years of careful exploration and continuous new achievements, he has won a high reputation in the field of psychology, and is called "the northern foot of Pannan" together with Pan Wei. 1934 after Lu Zhiwei came back from the United States, he was unable to continue his experimental research in psychology because of the turbulent situation and insufficient school funds. Psychology has a certain connection with linguistics. He already knew the importance of linguistics from physiological psychology, so he had to turn to the study of linguistics and psychology. In the past 30 years, he has written a series of works by using the theories and methods of modern linguistics, which has played an extremely important role in making China's traditional linguistics scientific and modern. In the field of linguistics, phonology is Lu Zhiwei's greatest effort and contribution. He stressed that the study of Chinese phonology should pay attention to two points:
First, "don't forget that Chinese is Chinese, a branch of the Sino-Taiwanese language family". Analogy is the most important thing. It is best to explain Chinese in Chinese and refer to it in language physiology. Just quoting some examples of foreign languages will never teach people the history of Chinese.
The second is to "understand that the change of pronunciation has its own physiological and physical basis." When you speak, your throat sounds, and your whole mouth is a movable buzzer. When the mouth moves, all consonants and vowels will be affected generally. When it comes to the evolution of archaic and alto sounds, it is of no value to discuss such a theory if the envisaged conditions do not conform to the natural activities of the oral cavity. "
The phonetics he studied has a long history. This paper studies the general trend of Beijing dialect's sound change from Western Zhou Dynasty to modern times for more than 3,000 years. Like the general research procedure, he first made an in-depth study of the phonology of the Middle Ages, that is, the phonology of Qieyun or Guang Yun, thus laying an essential foundation for the study of ancient and modern phonology. From 1939 to 1940, Fifty-one Tunes of Guang Yun, Grade Three and Grade Four and The Alleged Metaphorization and the Tang Dynasty were published successively.
A series of papers, such as Postscript of Five Dynasties Rhyme, Chinese Voiced Initial (Chinese Voiced Initial) and so on, try to work out the phonetic value of the rhyme-cutting initial, and discuss the initial of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty. In addition to phonology, modern Chinese vocabulary and grammar are another focus of Lu Zhiwei's linguistic research. He believes that the basic information of Chinese is monosyllabic words. To understand the ideological function of the Han people, the coherence of their speech, or modern Chinese from a linguistic point of view, we must thoroughly and thoroughly study those monosyllabic words, so he spent many years writing a book, Vocabulary of monosyllabic words in Beijing dialect. As a famous scholar, Lu Zhiwei takes the pursuit of truth as his duty tirelessly and never puts personal gains and losses in it. Even if his theory is praised, if he finds something wrong, he will immediately publish an article for self-criticism. His academic status is very high, and he can be called a great master. However, when students or younger generations disagree with some of his theories and criticize them, as long as they are right, he not only gladly accepts them, but also encourages them to step up their criticism. This is a popular story among students and the younger generation.