Argumentative writing is a style that analyzes and comments on a certain issue or thing and shows one's own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions. Argumentative writing has three elements, namely argument, argument and argument. The basic requirements of an argumentative essay are: correct viewpoints, serious generalization, practical significance, and proper comprehensive use of various expressions; The arguments are basically: true and reliable, fully typical; The basic requirement of argument is that reasoning must be logical.

When writing an argumentative essay, you should consider the argument, what to use as an argument to prove it, how to demonstrate it, and then draw a conclusion. You can put forward a general argument first, then discuss it separately, analyze each sub-argument, and finally draw a conclusion; You can also quote a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene first, and then analyze the facts layer by layer and draw new conclusions. This way of writing is called total score, which is commonly used by middle school students. You can also ask a question that everyone cares about at the beginning of the article, and then answer it one by one, step by step, which is a difficult way to write. It also requires the author to compare two different things in the opposite way, and then draw a conclusion, which is comparative writing.

Argumentative writing is a style that uses logic, reasoning and proof to explain the author's position and viewpoint. This kind of article either puts forward some views and opinions from the front, or refutes other people's wrong views. Comments in newspapers, essays or feelings in daily life all belong to the category of argumentative essays.

Argumentative writing, also called argumentative writing, is a style of analyzing things, discussing things, expressing opinions and putting forward opinions. By stating facts, reasoning and distinguishing right from wrong, the author can determine whether his point of view is right or wrong, and establish or deny a proposition. Argumentative writing should have clear thinking, sufficient arguments, concise language, reasonable arguments and strict logic.

Explain in detail the three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.

Argument: it is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed, and it is the soul of argumentative writing.

1. Argumentative essays generally have only one central argument, and some argumentative essays also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. Sub-arguments are used to supplement or prove the central argument. As long as we study the relationship between these arguments, we can distinguish between master and slave.

2. How to find the central argument? Argument should be a clear judgment, a complete statement of the author's point of view, and a complete sentence in form. Location can be divided into: article title, article beginning, article end, article middle, and some need to be summarized by readers.

Parameters:

1. factual argument: the role of facts in argumentative writing is very obvious. Analyze the facts, see the truth clearly, and check whether it is consistent with the logic of the article.

2. Reasoning and argumentation: Argumentation is always familiar to readers or generally recognized by society. They are the result of abstracting and summarizing a large number of facts.

Argumentative essay: Arguments and arguments in argumentative essays are organized through argumentative essays. Argumentative writing is the process and method of proving an argument with arguments, and it is the Luo Ji relationship link between arguments. Argumentation is to solve "what needs to be proved", argumentation is to solve "what to prove" and argumentation is to solve "how to prove".

The demonstration method is as follows:

1. Demonstration with examples: cite conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument;

2. Reasoning and argumentation: use the incisive opinions in the classic works of Marxism-Leninism, epigrams of famous people at home and abroad, and recognized theorem formulas to prove the argument;

3. Comparative argument: compare the positive and negative arguments or arguments in the West, and prove the arguments in comparison;

4. Metaphorical argument: use familiar things as metaphors to prove the argument. In addition, in refutation, the refutation methods of "attacking shield with spear" and "reducing to absurdity" are often adopted. It is often used comprehensively in most argumentative papers.

Second, the argumentative structure

1. The basic structure is to ask questions (introduction), analyze problems (theory) and solve problems (conclusion).

It can be divided into two categories.

A. vertical style: discuss the structure step by step.

Example 1. "Layer by layer deepening" type, first put forward the argument, then demonstrate it from the opposite side, and then further discuss it from the front.

Example 2. "start recording, turn around" style: break the topic at the beginning and lead to discussion; Then take the lead and explain the problems discussed; "Turn" is a double proof argument from all angles; In the final analysis, it is "combination."

B. horizontal style: parallel expanded discourse structure

For example:

There is a kind of "general-sub-theory-general" style, which first puts forward the argument, then expounds it from several aspects and finally summarizes it;

There is a style of "general theory-divided theory", which first puts forward arguments and then demonstrates them from several aspects.

There is a style of "divided theory-general theory". The things to be discussed are always analyzed in several aspects, and then a comprehensive conclusion is drawn.

In a word, to analyze the structure of an argumentative essay, we should first understand the internal relationship between paragraph levels, and also pay attention to the transitional paragraphs, transitional sentences and transitional words that serve as a link between the preceding and the following.

How to write an argumentative essay in the examination room

1. Write a good hand

A good quality article, with disgusting handwriting, is often not rated well. Why? First, the words and papers are poor, and points will be deducted according to the grading requirements. Second, the "face" of the test paper controls the examiner's marking mood to a certain extent. Beautiful and neat writing is the best "coat" of an article, which directly and effectively forms the reviewer's scoring impression: First, the strokes should be clear. Clear strokes and correct fonts will leave a good impression on reviewers. On the contrary, the dragon and phoenix dance, all the way crazy grass, but it is difficult to identify, even if the article is written well, it is difficult for people to appreciate. Secondly, the font should be moderate. The font is too large, the volume is crowded, chaotic and indecent. The font is too small to read. Also, change it as little as possible. If you want to change it, you must also change it in a standardized way. Don't scribble, leaving eye-catching ink spots on the surface of the paper roll, causing a messy feeling.

Draw up a good question

The theme is the eye of the article and an important part of the article to convey important information. Being at the top of the article structure, the title of the article will directly affect the reviewer's first impression of the article. The basic requirements for the proposed topic of argumentative paper are: to be eye-catching and comfortable on the basis of accuracy. It can be vivid, vivid, concise, unique, neat and so on. In short, it is best to stimulate the reader's interest in reading, or to make him feel refreshed.

The title of an argumentative essay should conform to the stylistic characteristics and be clear, so that people can know its purpose at a glance. Articles with distinct views are most popular with reviewers, because they have a clear and transparent sense, can convey the general content of the article, and facilitate reviewers to grasp the basic content of the whole article accurately and quickly.

Have a good start.

Gorky said: "(at first) it is like setting the tone in music. It gives the tone of the whole song, which is where the author spends his time." The beginning of an argumentative paper should pay attention to "short, fast and beautiful". To be brief means to be concise. It is best to divide three or two sentences into paragraphs to introduce this theory. A short beginning can avoid verbosity, and short sentences are divided into paragraphs, highlighting the importance of their content in space. To be quick is to get to the point quickly. It is best to point out the basic ideas or themes of the article in a few sentences. Because there is a "clear center" regulation in the grading standard. Determining the center at the beginning is conducive to the reviewers' scoring and the author's discussion, avoiding writing taboos such as unclear topics and changing topics halfway. Beautiful means wonderful. This is also the "phoenix head" mentioned in traditional literary theory. The most prominent function of a wonderful beginning is to attract the examiner and leave a good impression on him. The beginning of the article should be wonderful, and the argument should be introduced by rhetorical devices such as metaphor, analogy and parallelism. You can also quote famous sayings and tell fables to introduce the topic.

Write the first sentence and the last sentence in the middle paragraph.

Whether the argumentative essay is rigorous in structure, clear in organization, rigorous in argument and typical in argument depends on the writing of the middle paragraph. Structure, organization, arguments and arguments are important rules for marking argumentative essays, so writing argumentative essays should meet these standards as much as possible.

Common discussion methods are: the first sentence is a small argument or a transitional sentence connecting the preceding with the following; Mainly focus on small arguments, use appropriate facts and theoretical arguments, or analyze and reason some phenomena in real life; Finally, write a sentence or two summarizing the discussion. The writing of the first sentence and the last sentence is the most important, which can directly outline the context of the article and show the discussion ideas of the full text. In addition, the overall argumentation structure of the article often uses positive and negative contrast. As long as many reasons are said from both sides, they can basically be strictly discussed. Skillfully using this composition mode in the examination room can quickly start writing, reduce mistakes and save time. At the same time, it can make the examiner score the scores above average conveniently according to the scoring standard, and avoid the personal scoring factors that are not conducive to the candidates.

5. Typical and vivid arguments

Argument is the soul of argumentative writing, sub-argument is the skeleton supporting this soul, and argument is the flesh and blood of argumentative writing. It is inconceivable that a person should be full and colorful, with only a soul and skeleton and no flesh and blood. The same argumentative essay can't be called an article only with central arguments and sub-arguments, and it must also have typical and vivid arguments.

Typical arguments refer to representative examples and famous sayings that can fully reflect the essence of things. First of all, ask for truth and be related to the topic. Secondly, we should abandon the old arguments and use new ones. Some students memorized several classic arguments in their compositions, such as Sima Qian, Madame Curie and Zhang Haidi, and used them from different angles as a kaleidoscope. In fact, even if these arguments are typical, they are not noticeable. On the contrary, it will be better to choose the new argument that "people have me without me, and people have me", which will make commentators feel fresh when reading. In addition, some students are used to reasoning with ancient examples, and the whole article fails to connect with reality, has no running water of the times, and cannot achieve the purpose of full reasoning. It is best to quote fashionable sentences and examples that the media generally pay attention to to to assist reasoning, strengthen the pertinence and sense of the times of reasoning, and make the article more convincing.

Tie the tail

The ending is the inevitable result of the development of the full-text content and an important part of the article structure. Shi Tuo, a famous modern writer, once said, "When writing an article, no matter how long it is, we should first consider the ending. With the end, how to start, how to arrange in the middle, it will be solved. " A good ending should be like a leopard tail, loud and powerful, alarming and inspiring. For example, Lu Xun's "On the Collapse of Leifeng Tower" ends with only two words: "What a suck!" Just two words can be said to be concise, penetrating the back of the paper.

In fact, the end of an article is sometimes more important than the beginning. Because the rater begins to grade after reading the end, its quality directly affects the rater's scoring psychology. Li Yu once said: "At the end of the article, we should capture the soul with flattering words and let it linger on the picture scroll. If it is hard to say goodbye." If the ending has this effect, the whole article will add a lot of color. At the end of the argumentative paper, collect the full text and highlight the central argument; To reflect the compactness and integrity of the full-text structure, we should not retreat hastily or gild the lily; Language should be crisp and powerful, clear and loud, inspiring and inspiring.

7. The language image is fluent

Language items are an important criterion for composition grading. The language of argumentative writing should be accurate, vivid and vivid. When some students write argumentative essays, they often pose as telling the truth. In order to reason thoroughly, they move out the terms of philosophical principles and dialectics, but the effect is counterproductive.

There are 1000 versions of a truth. Try to choose a vivid version. In order to show vivid effect, vivid and even gorgeous language is essential in addition to using analogy, analogy and examples. Pay attention to using hypothetical sentences, rhetorical questions or whole sentences to make the article more irrefutable. Although the power of modifying language cannot be achieved overnight, it will naturally improve as long as it is accumulated for a long time.

References:

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