Keywords: bamboo; Garden; Landscape design; Bamboo plants; trend
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There are bamboos in the garden, which flourish because of the garden, and the garden is in full bloom because of the bamboo; Bamboo is used for landscaping, bamboo is alive because of scenery, and gardens are obvious because of bamboo. Since ancient times, bamboo has played an important role in the landscape design of China with its unique advantages. Gardening with bamboo, whether it is the painting significance of sparse bamboo shadow; Whether it's using bamboo to make scenery, borrow scenery, block scenery, or use bamboo to point scenery, frame scenery and move scenery, it can form picturesque scenery with different styles. Garden art such as bamboo fence, bamboo path, bamboo pavilion, bamboo garden, emerald garden, bamboo flowers and bamboo water are all reflected in China gardens.
1. Bamboo plants and the development history of ancient gardens in China
1. 1 budding stage
Bamboo is an indispensable part of classical gardens in China. China's gardening history began in 1 1 century BC when Zhou Wenwang built a platform, a marsh and a coffin, which can be said to be the earliest royal garden. According to Shangshu Gong Yu, "bamboo arrows, where can I remember the beauty of the southeast", it can be seen that the ancients knew how to appreciate the beautiful bamboo forest scenery earlier. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he vigorously built the "Shanglin Garden" and introduced bamboo from Yungang, Shanxi Province to Xianyang (see Notes: "The first emperor started from an empty platform and was poor on all sides, and got bamboo from Yungang Plain"). This is the earliest record of bamboo being used in gardening. At that time, planting bamboo and building bamboo gardens were mostly limited to building hunting grounds and strategic material bases, and bamboo gardening was still in its infancy.
1.2 development stage
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, China gardens entered the development period from the embryonic stage. Influenced by political turmoil and religious thoughts, the literati at that time advocated unfathomable, expressed their feelings for mountains and rivers, and visited famous mountains and rivers. Poetry and budding landscape paintings eulogize the natural scenery and pastoral scenery, which stimulates the garden and produces a "natural landscape garden" different from the palace, and bamboo is immediately integrated into the garden. At that time, bamboo landscaping in royal gardens and official private gardens also developed accordingly. Hualin Garden, a famous royal garden in the Northern Wei Dynasty, said in Notes on Water Mirrors: "Bamboo and cypress are shaded by stones, and embroidered thin clusters are on the spring side." Galand in Luoyang records the private gardens of famous officials in Luoyang, which are full of peaches, plums, Xia Qing, bamboos, cypresses and holly.
1.3 heyday
Among the "Wangchuan Bie Ye" planned by Wang Wei, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, there are bamboo scenes such as Jinzhuling and Zhuliguan. Song Huizong Evonne, the Emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, personally participated in the planning of "Shoushan Genprison". It can be seen from Song Huizong's handwritten Record of Genprison that it is a typical example of bamboo landscaping in the gardens of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou was designated as the capital and renamed Lin 'an. Nobles, bureaucrats and wealthy businessmen lived in Jiangnan, and the prosperity of palaces and private gardens was self-evident, which promoted the later development of Jiangnan gardens. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, bamboo was widely used. The Book of Luoyang Famous Gardens written by Li in the Northern Song Dynasty commented on 19 private gardens, and specifically described the bamboo scenery of 10 home gardens, such as Guiren Garden, Dongshi Garden, Fuzheng Garden and Miaoshuai Garden. We can also learn from the careful gardens in Xing Wu during the Southern Song Dynasty that there are also bamboos in the gardens of Wu Xing's family. Bamboo gardening has entered its heyday.
1.4 mature stage
Gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties inherited the traditions of Tang and Song Dynasties and gradually formed local styles, among which gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, represented by gardens, reached a peak in the late feudal society of China. The combination of bamboo with water, rocks, garden wall buildings and bamboo forest landscape is one of the greatest characteristics of Jiangnan gardens and Lingnan gardens. Six famous gardens in Suzhou, such as Canglang Pavilion and Lion Forest, as well as Yangzhou Geyuan and Huizhou Xiaoyao Hall, have been successfully applied to bamboo gardening, and many gardening techniques are still adopted by modern people. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a number of theoretical works on gardening techniques were published, such as Wang's Qunfang Spectrum, Tu Long's Notes on Leisure in Shanzhai, and Li Yu's Rooms Essays. The most influential works are Yuanye and Wen Zhenheng Chronicle, both of which have made detailed and incisive exposition on bamboo gardening, which is admired and imitated by later generations. Gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially bamboo gardens, entered a mature stage.
2. The integration of bamboo plants and modern gardens
China has developed from an ancient civilization thousands of years ago to a socialist country today, and bamboo has witnessed it all the way. There is no end to development and no end to pursuit. Especially since the reform and opening up, many new ideas and viewpoints have emerged, and the field of landscape architecture is no exception. In addition to retaining the characteristics of classical gardens in China, many new gardening techniques and gardening materials have emerged. Bamboo plants have not been forgotten because of their ordinary nature. On the contrary, people love bamboo more and more. Bamboo plants are appearing in modern gardens with a new attitude.
2. 1 Application of Bamboo in Modern Gardens
Looking at the development trend of garden bamboo plants in recent years, it is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
2. 1. 1 Bamboo Cultural Landscape in Urban Architecture
2. 1.2 Bamboo Sea Tourism Landscape in Scenic Area
2. 1.3 Bamboo Theme Landscape Design in Villa Area
2. 1.4 create a bamboo garden landscape
2. 1.5 as the greening material of bamboo forests in all parks in the city.
2. 1.6 as street trees on both sides of urban streets.
2. 1.7 Decorate the home environment by processing it into gardening products.
Among them, bamboo plants have the greatest development potential in three aspects: bamboo culture garden landscape in urban real estate, bamboo tourism landscape in scenic spots and bamboo theme landscape design in villa areas.
3. Examples of bamboo plants in modern gardens
3. 1 Bamboo plants in urban real estate landscape
The real estate industry is one of the hottest industries in China. At present, there is still a broad space for development, especially in recent years, the combination with gardens has brought a second spring to the real estate industry in China. The continuous improvement of living standards will inevitably lead people to pursue a high standard living environment. Even now, some real estate developers are playing such a slogan: "We don't sell houses, we only sell the environment", and do everything possible to create a personalized landscape environment in urban real estate, which is an important means for real estate developers to compete. It can be said that there are many classic garden landscapes in urban real estate, such as the bamboo cultural landscape in the "Tsinghua Square" real estate in Nancun Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, which has its unique significance.
In Tsinghua, Shui Mu, the bamboo landscape of "Tsinghua Square" aims to create a quiet and simple home living environment with bamboo as a teacher and a friend, and to cultivate people's sentiments with the unique cultural atmosphere of bamboo. In the whole landscape design of "Tsinghua Square", the creation of red bamboo and golden bamboo landscape is one of the highlights, which shows the charm of bamboo vividly in emotion and reason. The stream winds through, and the stream gurgles; The breeze in the bamboo forest is oblique, and the bamboo diameter is hundreds of miles.
Liang Sicheng, a master architect, once said, "You can hang a painting or put it away, but once the building is completed, it will stand there for decades and hundreds of years, and it will inevitably become a part of the living environment of residents. In this way, the house should pursue artistic beauty and cultural taste more than other arts. "At the same time, we also know that Su Dongpo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, praised:" It is better to eat without meat, not to live without bamboo, not to make people thin with meat, and not to make people vulgar with bamboo ",which reflects the hard-won living environment from two different aspects. A good living environment needs our heart to create and care for.
The noisy city life makes people more eager to have a quiet place that really belongs to them. In my spare time, it is a great pleasure to invite three or five confidants to talk about wine.
The application of bamboo plants in urban real estate landscape has solved many problems. As we all know, the land in the city is very precious. In the past, the small planning area was a big problem we encountered. The successful entry of bamboo plants allowed us to create more small, refined and subtle garden landscapes.
3.2 Bamboo plants in scenic spots in Zhuhai tourism landscape.
We have seen the blue ocean, but have you seen the green ocean? I'm not talking about the virgin forests of Shan Ye. If this ocean is made up of tens of thousands of hectares of bamboo, what is even more commendable is that there are countless scenic spots in the ocean that make people linger, just like pearls. The development of tourism projects in Zhuhai Scenic Area has injected new vitality into eco-tourism in China.
Speaking of bamboo sea tourism, the most famous is bamboo sea in southern Sichuan Province. Bamboo Sea in southern Sichuan is located in Yibin, the first city of the Yangtze River, on the southern edge of Sichuan Province. Fiona Fang 120 square kilometers, with a central scenic spot of 44 kilometers. It is the only original ecological "Bamboo Park" in China, which integrates mountains, caves, lakes and waterfalls, and has a long history of human landscape. It is also a tourist attraction for people to return to nature.
The whole bamboo sea is zigzag, wide from east to west and narrow from north to south. The mountainous area is a typical Danxia landform, with an altitude of 600- 1000.2 meters. There are 134 scenic spots and 63 main scenic spots in the territory. The landscape in the scenic spot is divided into: Xianyu Cave Scenic Spot, Emperor Temple Scenic Spot, Colorful Waterfalls Scenic Spot, Forgotten Valley Scenic Spot, Qinglong Lake Scenic Spot, Long Yin Temple Scenic Spot, Yingfengwan Scenic Spot and Hulongping Scenic Spot. There are also two scenic spots outside the east and west gates of the scenic spot: Jiaqianshan Folk Museum and Ganjiang River; There are also bamboo sea hot springs. The main natural landscapes in the scenic spot are Tan Yi (Zhaoyingtan), Yishan (Chashan), Erlang (Emerald Corridor and Qingyun Corridor), Erdong (Quanfei Cave and Vast Cave), Sanxi (Youxi, Liaoshuixi and Moxi) and Sixi Waterfalls (Colorful Waterfalls, Forgetting Waterfalls, Moon Bay Waterfalls and water curtain cave Waterfalls). The bamboo sea in southern Sichuan can be described as a sea of bamboo, with more than 70,000 mu of bamboo covering 27 mountains and more than 500 peaks. There are 58 species of bamboo growing here, belonging to 15 genus. In addition to common bamboo species such as Phyllostachys pubescens and Dendrocalamus affinis, there are also rare bamboo species such as Phyllostachys pubescens, Lohan bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens and Yuanyang bamboo.
Zhuhai has a mild climate, abundant rainfall and four distinct seasons. The average temperature in the hottest August is only 27.4 degrees Celsius, and in the coldest June, the average temperature in 65438+ 10 is only 8 degrees Celsius, and the air relative humidity is above 83% all the year round. This place is not only the natural oxygen bar of the largest "lung-changing factory" in China, but also a place where you can enjoy all kinds of exquisite bamboo crafts such as bamboo root carving, bamboo spring carving, bamboo weaving and bamboo furniture, and taste natural green foods such as bamboo sun, bamboo shoots, bamboo tofu and bamboo bacon. It can be described as a resort for vacation, leisure and recuperation.
There was a saying of Songtao in ancient times, but now there is a view of bamboo sea. People's taste comes from nature, but it is always higher than nature. We have no reason to turn a blind eye to such charming tourist attractions. It is understood that there are no large-scale bamboo sea tourist attractions in Guangdong Province at present. In order to meet the requirements of tourists, Guangzhou Fuyun Bamboo Sea Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. is planning to build a bamboo sea tourism project with the theme of China bamboo culture, with an area of 1000 mu and an estimated investment of15 million. In other provinces and regions of the country, similar projects are also being carried out in an orderly manner.
3.3 Bamboo plants in villa landscape with bamboo as the theme
In recent years, private villas have sprung up in China and developed rapidly. Among them, the landscape is essential, and the sought-after villas are often very classic places. Good garden works focus on design, and the key to design is to have charm and taste in design materials. As the saying goes, "meaning comes first, meaning and rhyme go hand in hand." Bamboo, an ordinary but exquisite garden design material, is increasingly loved by people.
With the theme of bamboo rhyme, creating the garden landscape of villa area has a good effect and is highly respected by people. The bamboo landscape garden of Zhu Yun Villa in Guangzhou is one of the representative works. Zhu Yunshan Villa takes bamboo as its theme: "There is a clear shadow at sunrise and a clear shadow at moonlight; The wind has a clear sound and the rain has a clear rhyme, which has always created the unique scenery of this city. "
At the entrance to the central square of Zhu Yun Villa, a stone scene with a height of 4 meters and a length of 6 meters was set up, on which was carved a big word "rhyme", and the word "bamboo" was metaphorically expressed by the golden bamboo beside him. The bamboo leaves at the neck end of Dendrocalamus latiflorus are slender and drooping like fishing lines, with needle-shaped leaves, tapered tips and rounded bases. The yellow strips of bamboo stems are magnificent, elegant and free, magnificent and colorful, just like a bunch of flowers. The green and yellow bamboo poles sparkle in the sunlight, and the golden stripe in the middle of the bamboo pole is the finishing touch, which is bright and dazzling. The whole bunch of bamboo stands out from the crowd, showing the noble quality of the bamboo canopy, dignified and restrained, which is in harmony with the rhyme on the stone carving landscape. The front of the stone scene is decorated with Guanyin bamboo ball, Buddha's belly bamboo ball and one-meter-high square bamboo to publicize the breath of bamboo and create the ecological landscape of the stone scene; Behind the stone scene, the bamboo leaves of Yu Yunzhu, Jin Shi Jasper Bamboo and Fodor Bamboo are used to set off the connotation of "bamboo rhyme", and the lush bamboo leaves are used to express the charm of bamboo; Purple bamboo is surrounded by small Buddha's belly bamboo, with bright black, soft purple light, slender bamboo branches and fluttering bamboo leaves. The graceful and noble purple bamboo stands out against the small Buddha's belly bamboo, giving a warm impression, making the tall and towering trees behind it look gray and pale, and expressing the "bamboo charm" incisively and vividly.
summary
Bamboo has a heart in the wind and rain. The moon has a clear shadow, the wind has a clear sound, the rain has a clear rhyme, the frost has a clear light, and the snow has a clear interest. Taking bamboo as a friend and a teacher will help people understand the meaning of heaven and earth, cultivate lofty virtues and inspire their ideals in life. Bamboo plants conform to the natural and simple trend of gardening and are good greening plants in gardens throughout the ages. Judging from the application of bamboo plants in gardens in China in recent years, the application of bamboo plants in urban real estate bamboo cultural landscape, scenic bamboo tourism landscape and villa bamboo theme landscape will be the general trend of bamboo plants in gardens in China in the future.
5. Concluding remarks
Facts speak louder than words, and bamboo seedlings are striding forward with cool and heroic spirit. We believe that no force can stop the progress of China history, and no force can stop the eternal extension of bamboo plants in the history of China gardens!
Reference: Huang Zhu's Bamboo Resources Development and Utilization Technology and Bamboo Industry Development Strategy Yin Shengxiang Publishing House.