With the reunification of Germany and Germany, new administrative and political institutions have replaced these institutions in various fields in the former East Germany. The change of government management system directly affects the change of cultural and educational institutions and library management system at national, regional and local levels. The National Library is no exception. In this special historical period, it has undergone profound changes, and the first thing it faces is the reorganization of institutions.
To this end, a library working group composed of German politicians and library experts was set up five months before reunification to discuss library affairs after reunification. As a legislative advisory body, it made suggestions on the provisions of the Federal Unification Law on the library industry, and made a joint plan for the unified German library. According to the agreement, the unified German Library consists of the following three parts: the German Library in Leipzig, the German Library in Frankfurt and the German Music Archives in Berlin, which is a reference library in nature. Therefore, according to the unified decree of 1990 10.03, the German Library 12 established in Leipzig, the German Library 1947 established in Frankfurt and the German Music Archives Department 1970 established in Berlin were merged into the new German National Library, headed by Klaus Dieter.
The German Library in Leipzig was built on 19 12 10 year 10. It was founded by an agreement signed by the German Book Federation, Leipzig and Saxony under the advocacy and promotion of the German Book Federation. Initially, the funds were borne by booksellers. 192 1 due to the financial crisis, the state began to give aid, and 1923 was officially taken over by the state. From 1933 to 1945 during Hitler's regime, the museum's external relations were almost interrupted, and even stopped reading in 1944, and reopened in 165438+ 10. After the division of Germany after World War II, the Leipzig Pavilion, located in the Soviet-occupied area at that time, lost its position as the German collection center and became the former East German National Library.
The Frankfurt German Library was established in 1946 and 1946 in February, with the initiative and efforts of H.W. Epstein, a famous book historian and librarian, and G.K. Scheuer, with the consent of the military authorities in the occupied area of the US military, the Frankfurt municipal government and the German booksellers association. 1969 in March, the original. Prior to this, it was led by the Hessian government, the German professional association and the city of Frankfurt. 1970, the German Music Archives was established in Berlin as a branch of the Frankfurt Pavilion.
As Germany is a loose federal country, according to the German Basic Law, each state enjoys a high degree of cultural autonomy, and the federal government has no great jurisdiction over the library cause. The relevant departments of the Federal Ministry of Culture and Media play an overall coordinating and consulting role in the German library industry.
As far as national legislation is concerned, there is no federal library law in Germany so far. Before the reunification of Germany and Germany, the East German government promulgated the library law of GDR by the Council of Ministers in 1968, and re-promulgated the revised library law in 197 1. This law defines the responsibilities, administrative organization and related business of the National Library. The German library in Leipzig obtained the right to submit its capital through two pieces of legislation: 1960 and 1970. 1969 In March, the German government passed the German Library Law, which gave the German library in Frankfurt the legal status of the National Library and became a federal entity. According to the contribution law of February 1970 and 1970, the library officially accepted the contribution of German publications. In a word, according to the German Library Law of March 3 1, 1969 and the Federal Unification Law of March 3 1990, all publications in Germany, whether commercial or non-commercial, except traditional books, microforms, audio-visual materials and physics, must be submitted in two volumes. The promulgation of these laws provides a legal basis for the National Library, making the German Library in Leipzig, East Germany and the German Library in Frankfurt, West Germany become national legal delivery libraries and national bibliographic centers. After the reunification of Germany and Germany, although the two libraries merged, the status given to the National Library by law still exists and it continues to perform its duties.
As a collection center and bibliographic information center, the main task of the National Library of Germany is to collect all kinds of books, audio-visual materials and electronic publications published in Germany since 19 13, German literature published abroad, foreign language translations of German works, foreign language publications about Germany from 1933 to 1945 and works of German exiles expelled by fascism. To this end, after the merger of Leipzig Pavilion and Frankfurt Pavilion, both museums will continue to be national legal collection units, but each has its own emphasis. Frankfurt Pavilion focuses on the collection of publications since 1945, while Leipzig Pavilion is responsible for the collection of all publications since 19 13. According to the law, German publishers should submit two copies of their first publication to the German National Library within one week. The library also accepts German publications donated by Swiss and Austrian publishers.
There are certain rules for the use and management of data; The processing of publications strictly follows the working systems in Leipzig and Frankfurt to ensure the integrity of the collection and appropriate service. In addition, the German Book and Literature Museum, Exile Literature Museum and Anne-Frank-Shaw Library are located in the traditional Leipzig Library. Frankfurt am Main is responsible for developing the information and communication infrastructure, including managing the central database. Frankfurt Center is also responsible for the production, sales and subscription of national bibliographies. On June 1 2000, the German Library Research Institute handed over the standardization work in the field of cataloging code to the German National Library, and the new library standards office became a department of the library.
In terms of business, the two merged libraries have a division of labor. Frankfurt Pavilion is responsible for the development of information and communication infrastructure, including the management of central database, data processing, bibliographic production, standardization and the application of modern information technology. In addition, the German exile archives of 1933- 1945 are collected by Frankfurt Pavilion. Leipzig Pavilion focuses on the development of book protection technology and is the research center of book printing history. There are German Library and Literature Museum, 1933- 1945 Exile Literature Museum and 1992 Anne Frank Shaw Library, which is officially opened to the public. Berlin Music Library is responsible for the processing and cataloging of printed and recorded music works. 199 1 year, the library merged the Music Information Center of the German Association of Composers and Music Researchers.
Before the merger, Leipzig Pavilion and Frankfurt Pavilion each compiled a national bibliography. The Leipzig Pavilion began to publish the German national bibliography from 193 1, and the Frankfurt Pavilion began to publish the German library bibliography from 1947, and changed its name from 1953 to German bibliography. After the merger, the German national bibliography in Leipzig stopped publishing, and the national bibliographies of the two museums were compiled into one. Starting from 199 1, the National Bibliography of the Federal Republic of Germany was published by Frankfurt Pavilion, which is called the German National Bibliography and the German National Publications Bibliography. The bibliography is divided into:
Series A-officially published books, periodicals, audio tapes, audio-visual media, weekly and monthly magazines.
B series-various printed materials and other media materials published informally every week.
C series map catalogue, quarterly.
D-a and B series are cumulative semi-annual publications.
Electronic German Bibliographic Index, 5-year cumulative edition.
F series-new and renamed catalogue of serial publications.
G series-German translation and German works catalogue.
Catalogue of dissertations and grading papers of German universities.
M series-music bibliography, weekly.
N series-new book preview catalogue.
T series-music recording media index, monthly.
BB series-general index of various bibliographies, annual publication.
The National Library of Germany represents the Federal Republic of Germany in the activities of the international library industry. The library has two basic functions of the national library, accepting contributions from national publications and compiling national bibliographies according to law. In cataloging, the German National Library is the national bibliographic center, responsible for compiling national bibliographies, actively participating in the construction of national information systems, and developing automated networks and international online services.
The German economy has affected the source of funds. In order to diversify the sources of funds, the government requires some professional libraries to generate income through scientific and technological consultation to supplement the daily expenses of libraries. Booksellers have provided literature services to readers through the Internet to compete with libraries. For example, the LINK system provides search and full text on the Internet to those who purchase online licenses. The system also has many network information service functions, which poses a strong challenge to the information service of the library.