1. Requirements of socialist moral quality The knowledge content and moral requirements of socialist morality are the extension and concretization of the knowledge content and realistic requirements expounded on ideals and beliefs, patriotism, outlook on life and values in the moral field, and are the behavioral provisions and value norms for practicing ideals and beliefs, patriotism, outlook on life and values. Based on the dialectical relationship between morality and law, it implements the Party's general plan of governing the country by combining "ruling the country by virtue" with "ruling the country by law", embodies the basic spirit of the unity of "educating people by morality" and "educating people by law", and is helpful for college students to comprehensively establish the socialist concept of honor and disgrace. While expounding the moral requirements of three basic fields of human social life, namely social life, professional life, love marriage and family life, it also expounds the legal requirements of these three fields, providing a logical way from concrete to general, building a bridge from morality to law, and also embodying the inseparability of morality and law in actual social life, forming three aspects: ideal or thought to morality, and from morality to law. Secondly, from their respective characteristics and functions and their complementarity, in terms of ideals or ideological parts and moral parts, if ideals and beliefs, patriotism, outlook on life and values dominate, it is a comprehensive presentation of people's mental outlook, while morality is the criterion of specific behavior activities, aiming at solving the "should be" problem of people's behavior choices and providing people's value orientation in specific behavior choices. Obviously, the complementarity of the two embodies the logical way from general to concrete and from virtual to real. Similarly, as far as the moral part and the legal part are concerned, if morality mainly appeals to the "ought-to-be" of people's behavior, and this "ought-to-be" is relative, it is mainly realized by internalizing people's ideas, emotions, will and beliefs, arousing people's moral conscience and sense of honor, and correcting people's motivation of behavior choice, then the law will face the "ought-to-be" of people's behavior in a mandatory form and a rigid way of "heteronomy" Therefore, from ideal or thought → morality → law, we have carried out such a logical way: ideal is the soul, the forerunner, behavior is flesh and blood, and the result of behavior is the ultimate basis for judgment and ruling. In a sense, social harmony is first the legal order, then the moral order, and finally the pursuit of meaning or value world, which is a movement from metaphysics to metaphysics. But from the formation and perfection of a person's morality and personality, it is the opposite. It should first pay attention to the construction of meaning or value world, then the establishment of behavior system, and finally the legal consequences of behavior. This is the reason why the ancients repeatedly emphasized that people should be determined first, inspired first, and take shame as a warning. This is also the reason why Deng Xiaoping put forward that the expression order of cultivating new people with "four haves" is "ideal, moral, educated and disciplined". This is a movement from metaphysics to metaphysics. The logical system of this book is established in the interaction of two-way movement, based on the special stage of college students' life and the actual situation and problems. Strengthening moral cultivation and tempering moral quality is from general moral theory knowledge to socialist morality; From the historical connection between socialist morality and the excellent heritage of human moral culture to the development of socialist morality under the condition of socialist market economy; From the core and basic principles of socialist morality to the moral construction of socialist citizens: finally, determine the ways and methods to improve college students' awareness of socialist moral cultivation. Second, factors affecting the formation of moral quality Moral quality is usually called character, conduct, morality, morality or virtue in people's daily life. Moral quality is the embodiment and condensation of moral principles and norms of a certain society or class in personal thoughts and behaviors, and it is a relatively stable feature and tendency shown in a series of moral behaviors of a person. Morality is the core component of a person's personality, closely related to the existence and development of individuals, and an important component of individual quality. The formation and development of individual moral quality is not a spontaneous process, but is formed and developed under the interaction of subjective and objective factors. The formation and development of college students' moral character are mainly influenced by social environment, school education, family education and personal subjective efforts. (1) the influence of social environment Marxism holds that "individuals in reality, that is, these individuals engage in activities and produce materials, so they act under certain material boundaries, preconditions and conditions that are not at their disposal." The level of productive forces and relations of production in a certain society plays a decisive role in the emergence and development of moral behavior, and even in the means and content of moral behavior. Different relations of production and different economic status determine different moral activities. Therefore, the formation of personal moral quality is first restricted by social environment and material living conditions. Without the established objective conditions of society and certain material living conditions, no realistic individual can exist. The level of human behavior and cognition is related to the level of productivity and means of production in human society. Driven by the need of survival, human beings began to engage in the production of material means of life under certain social conditions. With the development of material production, human behavior not only meets the needs of survival, but also produces the needs of enjoyment and development. With the development of society to this day, the motive force of people's behavior comes from the need of enjoyment and development adapted to the material level of life. Especially with the development of economy and the progress of science, the space and field of human development are becoming wider and wider, and the requirements for personal moral quality are becoming more and more socialized and extensive. Therefore, social development not only requires the development of individual moral quality to adapt to social norms, but also strengthens the requirements of individual moral quality through ideology, public opinion and media propaganda, thus promoting the development of individual moral quality. (2) The influence of school education is different from that of general social environment. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic educational form that affects the development of students' moral quality. On the one hand, through organized and planned classroom teaching, such as ideological and moral lessons, political lessons, practical lessons and so on. The formation of students' moral quality is instilled and cultivated; On the other hand, teachers influence students' personality shaping through their own exemplary role. Because students have a natural trust in teachers, teachers can easily form their own authoritative position, and teachers' good conduct can easily be imitated by students, especially primary and secondary school students. Thirdly, students promote the cultivation of their own moral quality through the communication relationship established in school life. In the interaction with classmates, peers, teachers and others, learn to deal with the relationship with others and the collective, and develop moral qualities such as cooperation, friendship, honesty and enterprising. Therefore, the good education of the school, the exemplary role of teachers, the friendly atmosphere of the class and the friendly cooperation of partners will all promote the formation of individual quality. On the contrary, if schools ignore moral education, teachers can't set an example, school spirit is not good, and friends are careless, which will also have a negative effect on the shaping of moral quality. (3) Influence of family environment Family is the cell of society, the cradle of individual growth and an important factor affecting the formation and development of moral quality. The family mainly influences children in three ways: First, parents set an example. Parents are children's first teachers, and children are parents' shadows. What parents say and do will have a great influence on their children, which is more useful than any preaching. Children unconsciously accept their parents' moral concepts and imitate their words and deeds when they get along with their parents day and night. Bandura, a famous American psychologist, believes that imitation is an important way of human learning. The formation of children's moral quality is also a process of learning and socialization. Parents' good personality will set a good example for their children, on the contrary, it will bring negative effects to their children. As the saying goes, "fish begins to stink at the head". Second, the family atmosphere. Family harmony, family care and mutual respect are the external conditions for children to form good moral character. Third, parental rearing patterns. Some scholars divide parents' parenting styles into four types: authoritarian, democratic, doting and laissez-faire. Of course, only democratic parenting is most conducive to the formation of children's good moral character. (4) Personal subjective efforts People are not passively adapted to the environment, but have subjective initiative. In the formation of individual morality, external environmental factors can only play a role through the internal understanding of the subject, and the subjective efforts of the individual are the decisive factor. People have the ability to choose freely and consciously, and can consciously know and choose the direction of their own moral quality development in the interaction with the social environment. Third, the process of the formation and development of moral quality Good moral quality is not formed spontaneously, but is formed in the continuous education and training of individuals by society and the unremitting exercise and training of individuals themselves. The formation of moral quality has gone through a process from moral understanding to moral emotion, from moral emotion to moral will, and finally through moral behavior. (1) moral understanding moral understanding is people's understanding and understanding of social moral phenomena, moral norms and their significance, that is, the understanding of objectively existing moral relations and the principles and norms for dealing with these relations. There are two forms of moral knowledge: one is perceptual knowledge, that is, feelings and experiences in moral life; The other is rational knowledge, that is, moral concepts and judgments made by using concepts. Moral cognition is a process from perceptual cognition to rational cognition. If students have a better understanding of the connotation and significance of loving the motherland, people, labor, public property and socialism, it shows that their moral understanding has reached a certain level. Moral understanding includes moral concept, moral concept, moral belief and moral evaluation. Among them, the mastery of moral concepts, the formation of moral beliefs and the development of moral evaluation ability are the main signs to measure the formation and development of young students' moral understanding. Moral cognition is the basis and premise of moral emotion, moral will and moral behavior. The more you understand the moral norms and their significance, the more you agree with the moral requirements, and the more you can consciously and voluntarily practice them. On the contrary, if you don't have a deep understanding of social norms and their significance, and don't agree with the social role of morality, you can't do what society requires, or even do the opposite and become a completely immoral person. Improving moral awareness is the first step to form a good moral quality, but moral concepts are not born, nor do they fall from the sky, but can only come from social life practice. Therefore, as college students, they should actively participate in social practice activities and improve their moral awareness through their own continuous efforts. (2) Moral Emotion Moral emotion is an inner experience accompanied by moral understanding, and it is a psychological experience and attitude tendency of people's love, hate, likes and dislikes about moral relations and moral behaviors in real life based on certain moral understanding. This kind of emotion not only reflects people's moral needs, but also shows people's attitude and experience about whether the objective reality meets their moral needs. Generally speaking, when all kinds of events in real life or the behaviors of others and themselves conform to their own moral understanding or moral concepts, they will have a positive emotional experience, otherwise they will have a negative emotional experience. For example, we have admiration for heroes and model figures, disgust for those who harm others and benefit themselves, gratification for self-sacrifice, shame for our negligent words and deeds and so on. It can be seen that moral emotion is a force of self-will supervision, which can make people repent and turn over a new leaf and maintain good behavior. (3) Moral will Moral will is a psychological process in which people overcome various difficulties to achieve their set goals when making moral choices and behaviors according to the moral requirements of society. It is embodied in the power of supporting and controlling behavior in the process of realizing moral goals, and it is the expression of people's subjective initiative. Moral behavior is a noble behavior, which requires individuals to make necessary restraint or sacrifice, so this behavior is not spontaneous, but involves will. Lei Feng is a moral model in the socialist period. He can consistently sacrifice himself and help others, which cannot be achieved without moral will. As Mao Zedong pointed out, it is not difficult for a person to do a good thing, but it is difficult to do a good thing all his life without doing bad things. Moral will can make people resist all kinds of temptations in reality and always adhere to moral behavior regardless of the external environment. The process of moral will generally goes through three stages: determination, confidence and perseverance. When exercising moral will, college students should pay attention to cultivating their independence, decisiveness, persistence and willpower. If you don't lose heart, don't be discouraged, and don't easily succumb to external pressure in the face of setbacks, you must stick to it. (4) moral behavior moral behavior refers to the words and actions taken by a person in accordance with social moral norms. It is an explicit part of moral quality and a means to realize moral motivation and achieve moral goals. It is the main criterion to measure a person's moral level. Moral behavior includes moral behavior skills and moral behavior habits, which are not essentially different from ordinary skills and habits, but they are moral when completing certain moral tasks. Mastering moral skills will help to achieve moral goals, guide moral behavior to do things of moral significance to others and society, and will not do bad things with good intentions. Moral will regulates and controls people's moral behavior, so that it can be implemented from beginning to end. After repeated practice, moral behavior habits are formed. The formation of moral behavior habits is an objective sign of moral formation. The ancients said: "Don't do it because of small evils, don't do it because of small goodness", which means strengthening moral behavior, forming moral habits and improving moral quality. Moral cognition, moral emotion, moral will and moral behavior are inseparable parts of a person's moral quality structure. They are prerequisites, mutual constraints and mutual promotion. Generally speaking, moral understanding is the ideological basis of moral structure and also the basis of moral emotion. Moral emotion is an inner experience accompanied by cognition. In a certain situation, the stimulation of moral emotion will promote the improvement of moral understanding. The deepening and integration of moral cognition and moral emotion produces moral motivation. Moral motivation is the internal driving force to promote individuals to produce moral behavior, which drives people to conduct moral behavior with moral will. Moral behavior is the concrete expression and external sign of moral cognition, emotion and will. Moral behavior habits are formed on the basis of moral knowledge, emotion and meaning. It is the last link in the personal moral cycle, and it is also the foundation and cornerstone in a higher cycle. Moral behavior can not only test moral knowledge, moral emotion and moral intention, but also deepen and improve moral understanding, enhance moral emotion and exercise moral will. Knowledge, emotion, will and action blend and restrict each other, and the lack of any link will affect the individual's transformation of social moral norms into personal moral quality. If you don't know the concept of morality clearly, you will lack correct ideological guidance in knowledge, emotion, will and action; If the moral emotional experience is not deep, there will be a lack of motivation to promote moral behavior; If the will is not firm, moral beliefs will be shaken and emotions will be difficult to control; If we don't pay attention to the cultivation of moral behavior habits, students may be divorced from words and deeds, resulting in a situation of only talking and not doing. There will be a problem that college students are not unified in knowing and doing. Fourth, strengthen moral cultivation and temper moral quality. Dante, a famous poet in the Middle Ages, once said: Morality can often make up for the defects of wisdom, but wisdom can never make up for the defects of morality. This shows the important role of morality. Einstein also said: "Science and technology alone cannot lead mankind to a happy and noble life. Humans have reason to put the discovery of lofty moral standards above the discovery of objective truth. " People can't stand in the world without virtue, morality is the first to cultivate themselves, and ideological and moral education is the most important thing. Contemporary college students are the main force in building the great cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the future. The historical process of the cross-century development of China's socialist modernization has put forward new and higher requirements for contemporary college students in all aspects. Therefore, college students should deeply understand socialist morality and its great social function and significance. Only in this way can we become successors to the builders of the socialist cause with both ability and political integrity. Through in-depth study to strengthen ideological and moral cultivation and temper moral quality, we college students should grasp and practice its contents from the following aspects. (A) to cultivate and improve individual moral personality The cultivation and improvement of moral personality requires the joint efforts of our social schools and classmates, but we have studied philosophy and know that internal factors play an important decisive role, so we should start from ourselves and improve moral personality. Mainly through the following channels: First, study hard. Confucius said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Do the good ones and choose the bad ones. " Through continuous learning, we can not only improve our knowledge structure, but also develop our moral personality and further establish our moral beliefs. Third, accumulate goodness. This is to carefully preserve your good deeds. Xunzi, an ethical thinker in the Warring States period, once said: "If you don't accumulate steps, you will be thousands of miles away; If you don't accumulate small streams, you can't become rivers and seas. " Noble moral personality and moral quality can not be cultivated overnight, it needs a long-term process of accumulating goodness. Fourth, be cautious and independent. In fact, the innermost thoughts, the most secret and unknown behaviors and the smallest actions can best show a person's soul. "Book of Rites. "The Doctrine of the Mean" said: "If you don't see its concealment, you don't show its absence, so a gentleman is cautious and independent." The cautious and independent method of self-cultivation stems from people's high moral consciousness and conscious spirit. (B) College students' integrity morality includes two aspects: honesty and trustworthiness. Honesty is the basis of trustworthiness, and trustworthiness is the external expression of honesty. Honesty is the basic principle of being a man, the basic provision of civic morality and a kind of social capital, which will have an impact on daily economic activities, interpersonal communication and social stability. The method of college students' honesty and moral construction in the new period: (1) Carry out honesty education in combination with reality. (2) Establish personal credit files for college students. (3) Building a credit evaluation system for college students. (4) Establish corresponding moral restraint and punishment mechanism. (5) Cultivate perfect personality. (3) Inheriting and carrying forward the excellent moral tradition of the Chinese nation is the objective need of socialist modernization; Inheriting and carrying forward the excellent moral tradition of the Chinese nation is the inherent requirement of strengthening socialist moral construction; Inheriting and carrying forward the fine moral tradition of the Chinese nation is an important condition for the healthy growth of individuals. These fine moral traditions can be summarized as follows: (1) Pay attention to the overall interests, national interests and national interests, and emphasize the sense of responsibility for society, nation and country. (2) Advocating the principle of "benevolence" and pursuing interpersonal harmony. (3) Modesty and respect. (4) Advocating that words and deeds are consistent, and emphasizing adherence to integrity. Politeness, emphasizing Kirk's arrogance and arrogance. (5) Pursuing spiritual realm and taking the realization of moral ideal as a high-level need. (6) Pay attention to moral practice, emphasize the importance of self-cultivation, and advocate that moral subjects play an active role in self-improvement. Each of our classmates is eager for a bright future and a wonderful life. History has proved that only those who serve the public welfare and make themselves noble are great people; He who can make most people happy is the happiest person himself. Look at many successful people in modern times. Their noble moral personality is actually an important factor to promote their success. As Mr. Paulson mentioned in the book "Ethics System", "Good people live well, but bad people live badly."