First, the background of the topic
With the reform and opening up and the development of the national economy, small and medium-sized enterprises in China are playing an increasingly important role in the national economy, whether it is to provide the value of final products and services, or to pay taxes and provide jobs. According to the new classification standard of small and medium-sized enterprises issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the data of the second economic census, there are currently 44 million small and medium-sized enterprises (including individual industrial and commercial households) in China, accounting for more than 98% of the total number of enterprises in the country, completing 50% of the national tax revenue, creating 60% of the gross domestic product and providing nearly 80% of urban jobs. In China, 65% of invention patents, more than 75% of technological innovations and 80% of new products are completed by small and medium-sized enterprises, so small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in the national economy. For underdeveloped areas in the west, small and medium-sized enterprises, especially manufacturing enterprises, not only solve a large number of urban population employment and rural surplus labor transfer, but also promote the urbanization process in the west. Although the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in this region faces many unfavorable conditions, such as financing difficulties, poor market access conditions, and difficulty in introducing talents, with the advancement of economic globalization and national industrial transformation and upgrading, the western region is in an important period of strategic opportunities.
Internationally, the world economic structure is undergoing profound changes, the global regional economic integration is deepening, and the factors of production are rapidly flowing and reorganizing around the world. On the one hand, this will help small and medium-sized enterprises to fully explore the international market, expand foreign trade, participate in the international division of labor, and comprehensively improve the development of inland open economy and the level of development and opening up along the border. On the other hand, the competitive situation of small and medium-sized enterprises in China has also changed from domestic market competition among domestic enterprises to more direct, comprehensive and fierce competition with foreign enterprises on the world economic stage. Domestically, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Western Region mentions that it is necessary to accelerate the development of inland open economy, comprehensively promote the opening up of the western region, strengthen the construction of comprehensive transportation corridors, rely on central cities, carry out foreign economic and trade cooperation, and explore the international market. In addition, it is necessary to promote the development and opening up along the border, increase the intensity of opening up to the west, constantly expand new areas of opening up, and comprehensively improve the level of development and opening up along the border.
In addition, the national industrial transformation and upgrading plan points out that industrial transformation and upgrading should focus on optimizing industrial spatial layout, and guiding industrial agglomeration should consider the requirements of main functional areas and major productivity planning. According to the requirements of the national industrial policy, the layout of major productive forces should be rationally adjusted and optimized by comprehensively considering regional consumption market, traffic radius, resource endowment, environmental capacity and other factors. Major projects mainly relying on energy and mineral resources are given priority in the central and western regions, and at the same time, it is necessary to promote the orderly transfer of industries and support the western region to enhance its industrial undertaking capacity. In addition, according to the requirements of new industrialization, industrial demonstration bases will be established in industrial parks approved and announced by the state and industrial clusters planned by the state, and the level and level of opening up will be improved at the same time. These policies have brought good development opportunities for the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in this region. The underdeveloped areas in the west have favorable conditions such as resource advantages, geographical advantages and policy inclination. How to make full use of these conditions and seize the opportunity to continue to grow and develop is an important topic faced by small and medium-sized enterprises in this region.
By summarizing and inheriting the existing achievements about the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises at home and abroad, combined with the current situation of the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in this area, this paper discusses what factors affect the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, what growth modes these enterprises can choose and how to choose the growth mode suitable for their own enterprises, hoping to provide reference for the growth of other small and medium-sized enterprises in this area.
Second, the purpose and significance of the study
With the rising strategic position of the western region, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in underdeveloped areas in the west has also received more attention. These enterprises will continue to be active in the international and domestic arena, but at the same time they also face some development constraints. The main research goal of this paper is to explore the influencing factors, growth ways and how to choose the growth model suitable for them in the underdeveloped areas in the west, so as to provide favorable reference for the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in the underdeveloped areas in the west.
The research of this paper has both theoretical and practical significance. Theoretical significance: At present, there is little research on the growth model of small and medium-sized enterprises in underdeveloped western regions. The research on the western region mainly focuses on the problems and countermeasures encountered in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the west. The research on the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises mainly includes three aspects: the growth theory of small and medium-sized enterprises, the influencing factors of enterprise growth and the evaluation of enterprise growth, but there is little research on the growth model and how to choose the growth model that suits you. The research in this paper theoretically perfects the blank of this research. Practical significance: Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in our national economy. With the continuous opening of the western market, more and more western small and medium-sized enterprises will be active in the domestic and international arena. Applying the research results of this paper to practice can have certain reference significance for the future growth and expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises in underdeveloped areas in the west.
Third, the main theories involved in this study.
Strategic alliance was first put forward by Jane Holland, president of DEC company in the United States, and Roger Naigher, a management scientist. But at present, scholars have not reached a consensus on the concept of strategic alliance. They defined it from different angles, including the following points:
1, Porter is defined from the perspective of strategic management. He believes that strategic alliance is a long-term joint agreement between enterprises that has gone beyond normal market relations but has not yet reached the level of merger. Specific ways include technology licensing production, supply agreement, marketing agreement and joint venture.
2. Williamson defines enterprise alliance from the perspective of organizational nature. He believes that enterprise alliance is between market exchange and organizations at all levels. The intermediate marginal state organization is a governance structure for the incompleteness of contract when enterprises trade, a special system for managing enterprises and a supplement to the market trading behavior of enterprises.
3. Diss is defined from the perspective of resource integration. He believes that strategic alliance is a cooperative activity between two or more enterprises to achieve the goal of resource sharing and complementary advantages, and its foundation is commitment and trust. Specifically, there are the following forms: exclusive purchase agreement, exclusive cooperative production, exchange of technological achievements, B&; D agreement, cooperation agreement and * * * same marketing, etc.
In a word, a strategic alliance refers to a loose organization in which two or more companies complement each other and share risks through various agreements for the same strategic goal. The essence of alliance is to realize the complementarity of superior resources and take risks through cooperation between enterprises, thus creating greater value for enterprises.
Marshall studied this kind of agglomeration economy from the angle of economics and put forward the theory of industrial zone. The industrial zone has the following characteristics: it is composed of local small enterprises, and the investment and production decisions are highly localized; There is a strong trading relationship between upstream and downstream enterprises, which is based on long-term contracts or commitments; Employees belong to the whole industrial zone and can flow frequently between enterprises, making the labor market more flexible; Strong industrial atmosphere and cultural identity; The professional service network is relatively developed; Financial institutions will provide initial costs based on trust. Michael Porter re-examined the formation mechanism and value of enterprise clusters. He believes that the core content of enterprise clusters is the formation of their competitiveness and the play of their competitive advantages. Government or non-governmental organizations also play an important role in the development of clusters, and government policies have an important impact on the formation, development model and development cycle of clusters. Professor Wang Jici of Peking University is an influential expert in the field of enterprise cluster research in China. Her generalization of enterprise cluster is the flexible gathering of a large number of specialized industries (or enterprises) and related supporting institutions within a certain geographical scope. Shi Peizhe studied the factors and mechanism of the formation of enterprise clusters, and he believed that the enjoyment of resources was the initial incentive for the formation of clusters; Human resources are the driving force of agglomeration development; The reduction of transaction cost is the market determinant of agglomeration; The formation of innovative network economy provides a fundamental institutional guarantee for agglomeration.
Jones put forward a concrete factor model in 197 1. He believes that in a two-sector economy, labor can flow freely as a mobile factor, but capital cannot be transferred freely as a specific factor. Other assumptions remain unchanged, international trade will increase the relative price of a country's export products, which will increase the real income of the owners of specific factors in the export industry, while the real income of the owners of specific factors in the import industry will decrease. 1985, Helpman Krugman (1985) introduces comparative advantages of economies of scale analysis. They believe that in a closed economy, the number of products produced by a country is relatively small, while free trade will increase the number of products available. Davis (1996) believes that even under the market conditions of constant returns to scale and perfect competition, technological differences will lead to transactions between products in the same industry. Peter San Daiping (1955) believes that the comparative cost of China's infant industry can be transformed after support, and the products that were originally at a disadvantage may be transformed into superior products, thus forming a dynamic comparative advantage and forming a dynamic comparative cost theory.
Fourthly, the main content of this paper.
The first chapter is the introduction. This paper expounds the background, research purpose and significance of the topic, analyzes the relevant research status of the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises at home and abroad, summarizes the current research literature, and finally puts forward the research content, ideas and methods of this paper.
The second chapter is the definition and theoretical summary of related concepts. This paper expounds the concept definition, classification criteria and the meaning of enterprise growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, and then comprehensively combs and comments on the theory of strategic alliance, industrial agglomeration, comparative advantage and growth pole as the basis and analytical tool of this study.
The third chapter is the analysis of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in underdeveloped areas in the west. This part first analyzes the development status of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, and then analyzes the development status and difficulties faced by small and medium-sized enterprises in underdeveloped areas in the west.
The fourth chapter is the analysis of the growth mode choice of small and medium-sized enterprises in underdeveloped areas in the west. This part first analyzes the factors that affect the choice of growth mode of small and medium-sized enterprises and the specific ways suitable for the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in this region, and then introduces the analytic hierarchy process and how to choose the growth mode suitable for enterprises themselves through analytic hierarchy process.
The fifth chapter is a case study. In this part, W Company is selected as a case, combined with the influencing factors and growth model of the enterprise, and how to choose the growth model suitable for the enterprise is explained by AHP. The sixth chapter is the conclusion, which introduces the conclusions and shortcomings of this paper and looks forward to further research.
Five, writing outline
Acknowledgement 5-6
Abstract 6-7
Abstract 7
1 introduction 10-24
1. 1 research background 10— 1 1
1.2 research purpose and significance11-12
1.2. 1 research objective 1 1
1.2.2 research significance11-12
1.3 Research and Summary of Related Literature 12-22
1.3. 1 foreign research status12-14
1.3.2 domestic research status14-22
1.3.3 Literature Review 22
1.4 Research Scheme of Papers 22-24
1.4. 1 main research contents 22
1.4.2 main research methods 22-24
2 Definition of related concepts and theoretical summary 24-3 1
2. 1 Definition of related concepts 24-27
2. 1, 1 SMEs and classification standards 24-26
2. 1.2 Enterprise Growth 26-27
2.2 Overview of Related Theories 27-3 1
2.2. 1 strategic alliance theory 27-28
2.2.2 Enterprise Cluster Theory 28-29
2.2.3 Comparative advantage theory
2.2.4 growth pole theory 30-3 1
3 Analysis of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in underdeveloped areas in the west 3 1-40
3. 1 Development Status of SMEs in China 3 1-34
3.2 Development Status of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Western Underdeveloped Areas 34-37
3.3 Development Dilemma of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Western Underdeveloped Areas 37-40
4 Western underdeveloped areas of small and medium-sized enterprises growth model selection analysis 40-55 pages
4. 1 Factors affecting the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises 40-46
4. 1. 1 internal influencing factors 4 1-43
4. 1.2 External factors 43-46
4.2 Growth Mode of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Western Underdeveloped Areas 46-5 1
4.2. 1 Cluster growth 46-47
4.2.2 Innovation growth
4.2.3 International growth
4.2.4 Virtualization growth 49
4.2.5 Alliance Growth 49-50
4.2.6 Scale increase of 50-5 1
4.3 Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the growth mode of small and medium-sized enterprises in underdeveloped areas in the west is selected 5 1-55
4.3. 1 AHP 5 1-54
4.3.2 AHP decision-making model for small and medium-sized enterprises in western underdeveloped areas 54-55
5 Case analysis 55-64
5. 1 Company Introduction 55-57
5.2W Company's Choice of Growth Mode 57-64
6 Conclusion and prospect 64-66
6. 1 main conclusion 64
6.2 Future research prospect 64-66
References 66-69
Six, the main literature read so far.
[1] industrial transformation and upgrading plan2011-2015.
[2] China SME Yearbook Editorial Committee. China SME Yearbook 20 13[ Li]. Enterprise management press, 20 13, 12.
[3] Adam. Smith. The wealth of nations [M]. Beijing: Commercial Press, 1997: 5— 14.
[4] Marshall. Principles of economics [M]. Beijing: Commercial Press, 1997: 325.
[5] Chandler. Economies of scale and scope of enterprises-the motive force of industrial capitalism [M]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1999.