Give me some methods first.
I told the teacher the method and took notes.
1 Look at the headlines and use things to express clues.
2 Author: Know people and discuss things.
The first paragraph: leads to the following content.
Set suspense, ambush pen, pave the way.
Description of scenery (rendering atmosphere, explaining background ...)
4 Look at the last paragraph: Zhang Xianzhi, a pawn. ...
5. Grasp the key words in the text: table turning point, causality and summary. ...
6 when answering questions, you should find the right interval and answer them comprehensively. Generally speaking, the questions are from the front to the back of the article, and the last question is usually the last paragraph or the full text of the exam.
7 Interpret the theme of the sentence and explain the feelings first.
(8 The most important thing is training:)
1, narrative
Narrative reading method: read the full text with your heart → extract the main idea (people, things, feelings and reasons) → read the stem carefully, clear your mind → answer the key words in the stem → try to complete the main points (scores).
1. Expression: narration, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism.
2. Description: Description of action, language, psychology, appearance, expression and details.
3. Narrative sequence: sequence, flashback and insertion.
Interpolation function: insert the contents of … and reveal the ideological causes of the characters …; Or contrast with, highlight the character image or center; Or explain the time reason, paving the way for the following.
4. Narrator: First person, second person and third person.
5. Narrative clues: take objects as clues (topics), feelings or emotional changes as clues (sometimes the changed words in the text are vivid), and events as clues (recurring words or sentences).
6, the meaning and role of the title:
Meaning: Double meaning (surface layer and deep layer) (surface layer means …) (deep layer actually means …: symbol …: connected with the center of the article) or pun.
Function: a: as a clue, it runs through the whole text, promoting the development of the plot and making the article organized.
B: summarize the main contents of the article and highlight the theme of the article.
C: Suspense is set to stimulate readers' interest in reading.
D: It is profound, novel, vivid, thought-provoking, inspiring and interesting. (Using metaphor, personification and symbol)
7, the beginning role:
A: Suspense is set to stimulate readers' interest in reading. (flashback)
B: Render the atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters, and pave the way for the next plot development. (Description of scenery)
8. End function:
Answer: (On lyricism) Point out the main idea, deepen the center and sublimate feelings.
B: Implicative and meaningful, thought-provoking and thought-provoking.
C: Take care of the beginning (echo from beginning to end) to make the structure of the article more rigorous.
9, personality and spiritual quality summary (task evaluation):
Abstract the words in the text; Look at the specific description; Look at the events written; Summarize from different angles.
10. Summing up events: people (heroes)+events (cause+process+result)
Overview Center: This article tells (describes) the events (objects and scenes) of …, reveals the truth of …, praises (lashes) the quality (phenomenon) of …, and expresses my feelings about ….
1 1. mood or psychology: the mood or psychology of.
12, the role of details: write in detail, write slightly, make the article detailed and appropriate, and highlight the center of the article.
13. What is the function of rhetorical sentences or descriptive sentences? (Appreciation questions are common, so pay attention to the choice of appreciation sentences. )
The image vividly shows the psychology (personality, quality, image) of … ....
Personification sentence: personify … and vividly show the characteristics of ….
Contrast sentence: enhance the momentum, the language is smooth and the feelings are stronger.
Duality sentence: It is a sentence with neat form, harmonious phonology and sonorous melody.
Descriptive sentence: It vividly shows the psychology (personality, quality, image) of ... ....
Philosophical sentence: Point out the center, deepen the theme, sublimate the emotion and reveal the philosophy.
14, writing techniques: contrast, foil, care, bedding, symbol, want to promote first, borrow things to express feelings, see the big from the small.
Contrast: Through the contrast between … and …, the image of … is clearly highlighted.
Set out: set out ... with ... highlight the image of ... ...
Reference: similarity reference; Contrast nursing; Causality nursing.
15, language style:
Some are vivid, beautiful and fresh; Some are simple and sincere, easy to understand; Some are humorous; Some languages are sharp and ironic; Some are profound and implicit, full of philosophy; Some are magnificent, magnificent.
16, the role of environmental description:
Rendering atmosphere: contrast the atmosphere.
B: pave the way for the next plot development.
C: set off the character.
D: Suggest the fate of the characters or promote the development of the plot.
E: It highlights the theme of the article.
F: Explain the time, place, season and scene of the characters' activities.
17, keyword analysis:
Answer: ① Meaning: Analyze the meaning of words in detail, and judge whether to use rhetoric. If so, answer according to the appreciation questions. (2) there is no rhetoric, generally guessing the character, reasons, feelings, etc. The agent of this word.
B: Is one word replaced by another? Generally speaking, it is impossible to change. It is necessary to analyze how well the expression effect of the cause words is combined with the context, but this effect cannot be achieved after the change.
C: Are these two words contradictory? Generally speaking, the two are not contradictory. These two words aim at different contents from different angles.
18, the profound meaning of keywords:
Answer: Grasp the key words and explain the meaning. If it is a figurative sentence, write the ontology.
B: Replace the key words with the understood meaning, and then reconnect the sentences to form a complete sentence meaning. (equivalent to changing the original words into your own words; Also combined with the context contact center)
19: supplementary question:
A: Supplementary turning sentence (the junction of flashback and sequence; Scene changes, etc. )
B: supplement the beginning or end (pay attention to the beginning and end care and key points; Pay attention to the fore-and-aft effect; Attention center needs)
C: words to supplement the characters (salutation, polite expressions; What to say in context)
D: Supplementary description (action, expression, psychology, etc. (pay attention to the context and the location of personal use and narration)
E: topic (end keyword: clue) (general contact center)
20. Reason type problem
Attention should be paid to combining context (context) search or generalization (general contact center).
2 1, writing characteristics:
A: Writing method.
B: conception skills.
C: language features.
D: the method of describing characters.
E: structure.
2. Argumentative essay
First, the types of argumentative papers
① Argument type: 35B "Saving is a virtue" synchronous training P23 "Adding meaning to life" P62 "Being good at giving up" 39A "Let children learn to be grateful from an early age" Role: Put forward the central argument of this article.
② On the topic: 24A The role of "simplicity" and "talking about bones": Put forward the topic of this article (the problem of argumentative writing)
Second, the argument:
1. Argument type: ① central argument ② sub-argument.
2, the position of the central argument:
① Title ② Beginning ③ Ending ④ Middle ⑤ The text is unclear, which is summarized in combination with the full text.
How to judge: ① it is a complete statement with clear meaning; ② It is aimed at the topic; ③ It is aimed at the full text; The argument in this paper can prove the content, and the content is an argument (except sub-arguments).
3, the way to put forward the argument:
(1) through the case or life phenomenon, or famous sayings, poems, leads to the topic; (2) Cut to the chase, put forward the central topic, such as Tan's argument in three levels, and finally summarize the central topic.
1, type: truth argument and fact argument.
2. Supplementary arguments:
First of all, examine the stem of the problem, distinguish what kind of argument it is, and also clarify why you want to add an opinion. Question 35B 15: Please add an example reflecting economy in paragraph 3 to make the argument more complete.
Pay attention to questions when answering questions: A. Supplement factual arguments, because questions are "examples".
B. The third paragraph is supplemented. The main point of the third paragraph is that "economy is the national quality", not the central argument. It is wrong to add "save time" or "someone is diligent"
(2) Fact argument: It must be a celebrity case, which is a well-known, true and representative typical case.
Reason: It must be a famous saying. Pay attention to peacetime accumulation. For example: 35B 16 Question ② Small question: Please select two famous sentences about saving from your accumulated warehouse.
Fourth, the demonstration method and its function:
1. Give an example to prove the point of ...
2. Reasoning: Reasoning to prove the point of ... so as to make the argument profound and thorough and enhance the persuasiveness.
3. Comparative argument: Through the comparison between … and …, the viewpoint of … is clearly demonstrated, rigorous and convincing.
4. Metaphorical argument: comparing … to … vividly demonstrates the viewpoint of …, which is easy to understand and enhances persuasiveness.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The general structure of argumentative writing;
Put forward an argument (or topic) about.
Analyze the problem: demonstrate the central argument in the way of.
Problem solving: always feel the full text, strengthen (or summarize) the argument, and issue a call.
Sixth, the argumentation idea: (or "Briefly describe the argumentation process" or "How to demonstrate?"
1. Use the words "first, then, finally" correctly to indicate the order.
2. Complete form: words indicating sequence+argumentation method+argumentation content.
Seven. The function of the beginning of an argumentative essay: (Demonstration mode: combination of argumentation and refutation)
Argument: ① Introduce and prove the central argument or introduce the topic through examples (natural phenomena).
(2) The famous saying of crossing ... leads to and proves the central argument or leads to the theme.
(3) Cut to the chase, put forward the central argument, and always lead the full text.
Refutation: ① Lead to the central argument or topic through false statements.
(2) Pretending to be a false statement and setting the object of criticism to prepare for the next criticism.
Eight, the role of the end of the argumentative essay
(1) Structurally: echo the beginning to make the article structured.
② Summing up the full text: Deepen the summary of arguments and issue a call.
9. Can you remove a parameter?
Generally, it cannot be removed. Reason: The author demonstrates from ancient and modern times (Chinese and foreign, positive and negative, different identities, etc.). ) after being removed, it is not comprehensive and representative, which makes the argument not completely rigorous.
Are arguments interchangeable? Usually not.
Reason: (1) Structurally, it means that some words in the last article are in sequence or in ancient and modern Chinese and foreign order, and the structure is not rigorous after exchange.
(2) Content: This argument is to prove a small point of view of …, but it cannot prove another point.
3. Explanatory text
1. Read the whole for information.
(1) Summarize the contents of a paragraph or the whole text.
A. find the central sentence or turning sentence B. explain the object+characteristics C. the contents of the paragraphs overlap
Example: senior high school entrance examination 1 1 set of A 2D barcode 15 questions and 25 sets of b green plastic 17 questions.
(2) From what aspects is the article clear? [Divide the article into several parts and then summarize]
2, explain the method and function
Tip: ① Write several methods and use correct words. ② The description can be found in the first sentence of the method sentence or the central sentence of the paragraph.
Column number: explain the content accurately and concretely ... (Example: 1 1 set 17)
B. Example: Contents include
C. Analogy: Illustrates the content vividly ...
D comparison: through the comparison between … and …, highlight the content of … (for example, 17 sets of B27 questions).
E. Definition: The contents include
F. classification: the content of ... is clearly explained in a coherent way.
Step 3 define things
Noun+Shi+feature (from the original)+head language
For example, the overall planning method is a mathematical method to arrange the work process.
4. Explanatory language
1 language style A. accurate and plain B. vivid (such as a large number of descriptive sentences; Rhetoric sentence; Myths and legends, etc. )
② Can some words be deleted? (Words such as: about, about, most, almost, only, etc. )
Key points: A. Can't B. Add some modified, restricted and emphasized words C. Explain the reasons with explanations.
D. if it is removed, then ... e. adding words reflects the accuracy and rigor of the explanation language.
③ Functions of words such as "according to scientists' analysis", "according to data" and "according to statistics".
Key points: indicate the source of information, enhance the credibility of the explanation content, and reflect the scientific and accurate explanation language.
(4) For example, "Are the two words interchangeable?"
Key points: A. Can't B. Explain the meaning of the two words separately according to the content C. Analyze the reasons why they can't be interchanged D. Accuracy
⑤ Analyze the expressive function of descriptive words or sentences.
A. the function of words: analyze the meaning and accuracy (or vivid image) of words in combination with the content.
B. Expression function of sentences: find the correct interpretation method of sentences+the function of this interpretation method.
5. Explain the role of the beginning of the article.
Key points: ① Lead out the explanatory object; ② Stimulate readers' interest in reading; (3) vivid ...
6. Explain the role of the end of the article
Main points: ① Summarize the full text and point out the purpose of writing; (2) express hope and make a call; (3) imagine a bright future (add the end for reference).
7. What is the role of description in expository writing? (From the perspective of content and language)
Key points: Describe the content in vivid language to stimulate readers' interest in reading.
8. Explain the role of quoting ancient poems, legends, proverbs and stories.
Key points: add literary color to the article and make it interesting to read; Stimulate readers' interest in reading (attract readers)
9. Why can't two paragraphs be interchanged or why ... why?
Key points: ① Summarize the two paragraphs first, and then explain the reasons why they cannot be interchanged (for example, the upper and lower paragraphs are progressive, and the priorities are clear; From phenomenon to essence, it conforms to human cognitive law) [Example 4 sets of B 14 questions]
10, supplementary question
(1) supplementary question (according to the object or content) (2) supplementary sentence (connecting the preceding with the following) (3) supplementary central sentence (summarizing the content of this paragraph) (4) supplementary ending (see point 6).
1 1, explaining the open questions, types and key points in the text.
(1) Suggestions, methods and measures should be specific and conform to the actual situation as much as possible.
② Proposed advertising language and design slogan, etc. A. To the point B. The language is concise, concise, vivid and infectious C. It is creative/suggestive.
③ Inquiry, information extraction and information acquisition should refer to the full text and summarize the content of the article.
(4) Read the full text, and talk about the cognitive class in combination with the original text, specifically talking about opinions and understanding.
12. Explanatory title type ① Description object ② Characteristics+object ③ Rhetorical form ④ Metaphorical form.
13. Classification of description objects (1) Physical objects (2) Basis for judging things: (1) Look at the topic (2) Look at the beginning (3) Look at the description content of each paragraph.
14, indicating the characteristics of the object.
Look at the topic first and find it from the topic. 2 Be sure to write paragraphs. ③ Central sentence or turning sentence. ④ Summarize by yourself (characteristics of each paragraph are superimposed).
15, indicating the order
(1) Time series (development history) sign: delayed words.
② Signs of spatial order (architecture): words indicating position shift.
③ Signs of logical order (explanation): from phenomenon to essence, from primary to secondary (such as "first", "second" and "again", from result to cause, from generalization to concreteness, from whole to parts, from general to individual).
16. structure: ① total score ② total score ③ total score (hint: you must pitch the article level before making an explanatory article).
17. Pronouns refer to content
① Looking forward and backward (looking forward and backward) ② Self-summary test method: substitution method or substitution method.
Tips: The explanatory text is the simplest, and most of the answers are in the text. After reading it, asphalt it first to find out what each paragraph explains.