A successful poem must have unique artistic techniques and techniques. An important part of appreciating ancient poetry is to appreciate the artistic techniques and skills of poetry. This test center is not only the focus but also the difficulty of appreciating ancient poetry. The appreciation of artistic skills generally includes three aspects: the evaluation of expressive techniques, the appreciation of artistic techniques and the appreciation of rhetorical techniques. First, the evaluation of expression includes narration, description and lyricism. There are four kinds of comments. The so-called evaluation of expression means that we can distinguish which expressions are used in poetry and their functions. 1, narrate and introduce the characters and events in our works, such as "Prepare chicken rice for me, old friend, you entertain me on your farm" (Meng Haoran's Crossing the Ancient People's Village), "Jin Feng Jiao Gongming, the general hunting acropolis" (Wang Wei's Hunting). "description. Give a concrete and vivid description of the shapes and characteristics of people, things, environment, etc. With the image language, readers can see their people, hear their voices, see their things, and feel their surroundings, such as "moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream" (Mountain Living in Autumn Evening by Wang Wei), "Three mountains and a half fall in the sky, an egret island and a moisture" (On Climbing Nanjing to the Phoenix Terrace by Li Bai) and so on. Straight cut Loulan "(Xia Sai Qu by Li Bai)," We meet. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? It is the end of the world "(Bai Juyi's" Pipa ") and so on. 4. discuss it. Explain your point of view and attitude directly in your works. For example, "Life is a hero, death is a ghost" (Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains"), "Jiangdong talents come forth in large numbers. But they often blend together, so we need to pay attention to this point. For example, "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the hero cried on their coats" (Du Fu's "Shu Xiang"), which combines four expressions: narration, description, lyricism and discussion. Second, the appreciation of artistic techniques 1, the artistic techniques of description: from the perspective of description, there are positive descriptions and side descriptions; From the description of pen, there are meticulous and line drawing; From the content of description, there are scenery description and character description. 2. Artistic techniques of lyric: There are two main ways of lyric: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Most ancient poems express their feelings with the help of scenery. As the saying goes, "all scenery words are sentimental words", there are usually four kinds of relationships between scenery and emotion: Syaraku's feelings with pleasure; Write sad feelings with sad scenes; Happy to write mourning; Mourn Syaraku's feelings. 3. It involves positive contrast and negative contrast. 4. Contrast technology. 5. Fu Bixing's technique. 6. Use allusions. 7. Virtual writing and real writing. 8. Symbolism. (See Appendix for details. ) 3. Rhetorical devices The rhetorical devices commonly used in appreciation of ancient poems include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, metonymy, antithesis, and rhetorical questions. And can analyze their artistic effects. (See Appendix for details. Attachment: Examples of artistic techniques and rhetorical devices 1. Bixing Techniques: Fu Bixing is a summary of the poetic expression techniques in The Book of Songs, China's earliest poetry collection. Later poems inherited the expressive techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing. Fu is to describe the scenery in detail and express the author's attitude, such as the Book of Songs. In Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, "Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia is like cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, and the river is dry", "If you don't get enough crops, you won't hunt. If Hu Zhaner has gentlemen in counties and counties, you won't eat vegetarian food! "Describe a group of logging slaves cutting ebony for slave owners to make cars. In the arduous labor, they think that slave owners get something for nothing and can't restrain their inner anger. Storytelling compares the slave owner to a big mouse, using the method of comparison. Xing means "say something else first to arouse what you want to sing", such as The Book of Songs? The "clear ripple of the river" in Sandalwood Punishment belongs to "Xing", which leads to the following statements that "Xing" and "Bi" are often used together in a poem. For example, the beginning of "Peacock flies southeast, drifting five miles" is both "Xing" and "Bi". 2. Direct expression and indirect expression. Expressing one's feelings implicitly is indirect lyricism. China's classical poetry pursues implication, so it is often indirect lyricism, in order to achieve a blend of scenes. "All scenes have feelings", and scene blending is a common method in classical poetry. Whether the scene blends is a sign to judge whether the classical poetry has artistic conception. Whether there is artistic conception is also a sign to judge whether classical poetry is excellent or not. For example, Zhang Kejiu's "[Double Tone] Qingjiang Tone? Qiu Huai: The west wind came to Wan Li and asked me if geese would sing red leaves before returning. People are intoxicated by the yellow flowers and banana rain and hear Qiu Meng. The poet grasped the meaning of the topic and painted a bleak autumn scenery with west wind, wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, plantains and rain. The arrival of the west wind is related to the uncertainty of the return date. Because of "Banana Rain", I was worried about fame and fortune, tossing and turning. Every sentence is about scenery, and every sentence is lyrical, with a high degree of unity between emotion and scenery.
If it is an exam:
Examination methods of skill-based questions
(1) What means of expression (skill) is used in this poem (two poems or two sentences)? And make a brief analysis. ② Appreciate this poem from a certain angle (such as motion and stillness, emotion and scenery, rhetoric, etc.). ).
Problem-solving skills
Expression skill is a means used by poets to express their feelings and themes. To answer accurately, you should be familiar with some common expressions of ancient poetry. ① Rhetorical devices: metaphor, antithesis, exaggeration, contrast, personification, pun, etc. 2 Description techniques: A. Setting off techniques can be divided into positive contrast and negative contrast, and negative contrast includes dynamic contrast, silent contrast, happy and sad contrast, etc. B. introduction; C. combination of reality and reality; D. symbolism, etc. (3) Lyric techniques: direct lyric and indirect lyric. There are three kinds of indirect lyric: borrowing scenery to express feelings, expressing ideas with things and expressing thoughts with things.
The secret to solving problems
(1) Accurately point out what expression technique is used; (2) Why use this technique in combination with poetry analysis; (3) How does this technique express the poet's feelings or will?
Commonly used terms:
This poem adopts the technique of (expression, rhetoric, expression), writes out the characteristics of (image), shows (highlights) (certain) thoughts and feelings, and plays a (certain) role.
The forms of expression are: narration, description, lyricism and discussion. (description)
Rhetorical devices include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, repetition, contrast and allusions.
The expression techniques are: symbol, imagination, association, care, lyric by scenery, lyric by scenery, lyric by objects, etc.
Thoughts and feelings are: melancholy, loneliness, sadness, loneliness and boredom; Dull, leisurely and happy; Admiration, anger, adherence to moral integrity, concern for the country and the people, etc.
Function: deepening artistic conception, deepening theme, profound artistic conception, beautiful artistic conception, meaningful, intriguing and far-reaching influence, etc.