Since the end of 19, German biologist Edward Buchner proved that yeast cell-free extract can ferment sugar to produce alcohol, and put forward the name of enzyme for the first time, more than 3,000 enzymes have been found and identified. As a catalyst, enzyme has been widely used in various production fields of light industry. In recent decades, with the rapid development of enzyme engineering, the application of enzyme in bioengineering, biosensor, environmental protection, medicine and so on is also expanding. It can be said that enzymes have become an indispensable part of the national economy. In real life, almost all new technologies such as food, clothing, housing and transportation are inseparable from enzymes.

Application of Common Enzymes in Production and Life

Detergent industry:

Alkaline protease (enzyme-added washing powder, etc. ) It is easy to wash off blood stains, milk stains and other stains on clothes. Enzymatic washing powder cannot be used to wash natural protein fiber fabrics such as silk and wool.

Amylase detergent for restaurant dishwasher is used to remove insoluble starch residues.

Baked food:

α -amylase produced by fungi catalyzes the degradation of starch into sugar and bread that can be used by yeast.

Protease (biscuit relaxant) hydrolyzes protein in flour in the process of making biscuits; In dairy production, whey protein is hydrolyzed. Is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of protein nutrition in food.

Brewing industry:

Amylase, protease and glucanase in malt. Starch and protein are degraded into monosaccharides, amino acids and polypeptides, which can be used by yeast, thus increasing the yield of ethanol.

β -glucanase decomposes β-glucan, reduces the viscosity of wort, accelerates the filtration speed of wort, and avoids beer turbidity caused by β-glucan.

Removal of chaotic substances produced during beer storage by papain

Meat cooking: Papain (tender meat powder) bromelain breaks down the collagen of meat, making the meat tender and smooth. The optimum temperature of papain is 60℃, and the optimum pH is 7-7.5. Do not use in high temperature and acidic environment.

Dairy industry:

Coagulant for cheese production, which can be used to decompose protein.

Lactase degrades lactose into glucose and galactose to obtain lactose-free dairy products, which is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of dairy products;

Fruit juice production: pectinase and cellulase. Treat pulp, improve juice yield, shorten juice time and improve juice quality.

Sugar industry: Amylase converts starch into glucose and various syrups.

Glucose isomerase is used to convert glucose into fructose with high sweetness to produce high fructose syrup.

Textile industry:

Starch saccharifying enzyme

It is widely used in textile desizing, in which bacterial amylase can tolerate the high temperature operating conditions of 100 ~ 1 10℃.

Cellulase replaces sand washing process to treat denim cotton and improve denim quality.

Tannery industry: trypsin softens leather by removing certain protein from fur, and can also be used for leather depilation.

Medical and pharmaceutical industries: trypsin is used to promote wound healing and dissolve thrombus, and can also be used to remove necrotic tissue and inhibit the reproduction of contaminated microorganisms;

Penicillin acylase converts penicillin, which is easy to form drug resistance, into ampicillin with stronger bactericidal power.

L one-day asparaginase is used to treat cancer and deprive cancer cells of nutrients needed for growth.

Lysozyme (mucopolysaccharide lytic enzyme) destroys the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria and kills them. Has antibacterial, hemostatic, repercussive, and wound healing promoting effects, and can also be used for treating rhinitis, pharyngolaryngitis, and oral ulcer.

Tyrosinase (neurotransmitter) is produced, and dopa is used to treat Parkinson's disease.

Urokinase and streptokinase thrombolytic agents are used to treat thrombosis.

Proteases (multi-enzyme tablets) are used to treat dyspepsia, and many enzymes can also be used as diagnostic reagents in medical treatment.