(A) a reasonable choice of building structure system
In the structural design of buildings, the most important thing is to choose the structural system. Whether the system is reasonable or not is directly related to the safety of the whole building structure. Therefore, to choose a reasonable structural system, we should start from the following two aspects: First, the structural system needs simple drawings and clear calculations. When designing the structural system, the main stress point of the building room should be placed on the main beam, so that the vertical gravity can be transferred from the shortest path to the main stress part in the shortest time. In order to arrange the internal structure of the house reasonably, the vertical internal structure layout scheme can be adopted, and the uniformity of compressive stress of vertical members needs to be ensured. Second, the strength of the structural system should be reasonable. The quality of a building structure system is largely determined by its strength. Designers should carry out reasonable strength seismic design in the weak parts of the building to improve its seismic capacity. At the same time, when designing the frame of the structure, it is necessary to ensure that the joint structure is not destroyed, and to disperse the plasticity at the top of the beam and column as much as possible to improve the seismic capacity of its weak parts.
(2) Choose an earthquake-resistant site
The seismic performance of construction sites will directly affect the seismic design of buildings. Therefore, relevant personnel should choose sites with strong seismic capacity or favorable seismic design to build buildings, and try to avoid those sections that are unfavorable to seismic design. Because earthquakes can cause ground fissures and surface dislocation, which is very harmful to the ground. Therefore, when choosing an earthquake-resistant site, we must not choose some places where the land is liquefied, weak and the distribution of geological elements is obviously unbalanced. If it is really impossible to avoid these places, we should carry out certain seismic design on the ground in the early stage of construction, strengthen the strength of the ground and stabilize the foundation construction. At the same time, for some sites where ground fissures or landslides may occur at any time, construction personnel must adopt scientific and reasonable means to comprehensively stabilize the surface. In addition, for some buildings that need to build foundations in areas with uneven soil distribution or more cohesive soil, the resistance of the foundation and superstructure of the building should be strengthened by means of foundation reinforcement and pile foundation, and seismic measures should be taken.
(3) The layout of the building should be neat.
In the design of building layout, we should follow the principle of adopting seismic design as far as possible and adopt the architectural design scheme with high regularity. The regularity of the design structure is mainly divided into three aspects: first, the building main body must have enough compressive strength, and its lateral stress structure cannot be deformed, and the stress is as uniform as possible. Secondly, in the plane layout of the lateral force resisting structure of the building main body, when arranging the lateral force resisting structure of the building main body, it is necessary to ensure that the lateral force resisting strength of the building main body on the same side is the same and that all parts on the same side can be uniformly stressed. Third, ensure that the lateral force resisting structure of the building main body has the same stiffness as its surrounding structural system in layout and has strong torsional stiffness.
Second, matters needing attention in seismic design of building structures
At present, the existing theories on seismic design of buildings in today's society are based on the research and analysis of case verification in the construction industry year by year, and constantly sum up the results. Moreover, with the improvement of people's requirements for housing quality, it is imperative to integrate seismic design into building structures, which is why people attach great importance to seismic design at present. Therefore, in order to design a building with strong earthquake resistance, we should pay attention to the following points in actual design: First, the layout of the building should be scientific and reasonable, and every main stress object in the building should be on the same horizontal plane. Only in this way can we bear the pressure from the ground when the earthquake comes and reduce the damage degree of the earthquake. Secondly, according to the different earthquake grades, the corresponding seismic grade design is carried out for each node of beam, column and wall to ensure that the internal concrete reinforced structure will not be seriously damaged after the earthquake. Third, design multiple seismic defense lines in buildings. It is very important to establish a good anti-seismic system to reduce and eliminate the pressure brought by the earthquake. Therefore, according to different earthquake grades, multiple seismic defense lines should be designed in buildings. When the earthquake comes, we can rely on these lines of defense to provide multiple protection for people's lives.
Three. conclusion
Although China's related industries have achieved good research results in the seismic design of buildings, and the seismic design of the whole building system is becoming more and more perfect, there are still many problems that have not been solved in time and comprehensively, which is also the future work goal and task of related industries. Therefore, relevant industry departments should focus on studying the causes of earthquake damage in the future. Only in this way can the seismic design of building structures make a qualitative leap.