-About the development of Chinese medicine
China, a big country with a history of more than 5,000 years. However, China's medicine has been baptized by the long history, becoming more and more rich and wonderful.
In the process of relying on plants for a long time, primitive humans began to become familiar with the nutrition, toxicity and therapeutic effects of plants. The ancient Chinese medicine book in China is called "Materia Medica", and the English medicine is called "druz" (i.e. dry vegetation), which means that the medicine comes from plants. Some people think that the earliest known drugs are painkillers (solanaceae plants) and plants that stimulate the digestive system.
Due to the progress of production tools and the invention of bows and arrows, humans began hunting and animal husbandry. So there are simple trauma rescue methods, such as trauma, fracture and dislocation. At the same time, people began to understand the nutritional value of animals, and animal medicine also appeared; Animal husbandry economy enables herders to observe the effects of plants on animals, thus promoting the understanding of plant medicines. For example, according to the records of Greek historians, shepherds discovered veratrum.
Therefore, the origin of medical knowledge is the accumulation of human collective experience, which is produced in the struggle against diseases.
With the development and consolidation of slave society, the religious color in medicine has increased. China's Classic of Mountains and Seas records that Wu Peng, Wu Di and Wu Yang are all wonderful doctors. In slave society, "professional doctors" began to appear In slave society, one of the outstanding cultural achievements is the invention of writing. With writing, ancient slave countries left a large number of medical documents.
Among them, Neijing is the earliest medical work recorded in historical materials. It was written by Huangdi, so it is also called Huangdi Neijing. It is a classic medical work with rich medical theory and clinical practice experience, reflecting the achievements of ancient medical development in China, and occupies an important position in the medical history of China and the world. Neijing laid a broad foundation for the academic theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine and played an important role in promoting the development of later medicine. Until today, it is still a must-read for Chinese medicine.
Zhang Zhongjing's treatise on typhoid and miscellaneous diseases. There are 397 treatments recorded, including 1 13, totaling more than 50,000 words, but there are no traces of miscellaneous diseases in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. Wang Shuhe's contribution, in the words of Xu Dachun, a famous doctor in Qing Dynasty, is that "if there is no uncle, there is no book". Among them, this book includes pulse diagnosis, pulse diagnosis and syndrome differentiation and many other contents. And in this book, Zhang Zhongjing created three firsts in the world: artificial respiration, drug enema and biliary ascaris treatment were recorded for the first time. Treatise on Febrile Diseases is a must-read classic for later generations of doctors, and it has been highly praised by doctors of all ages. Up to now, it is still one of the main basic courses offered by Chinese medicine colleges and universities, and it is the source of Chinese medicine learning. During the SARS period, the book and Zhang Zhongjing once again became the focus of attention. This is unimaginable in western medicine, because it is impossible to have any anatomical works of19th century as today's textbooks, and it is impossible for western medicine to find a basis for its treatment from its ancestors hundreds of years ago.
And Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica. * * * There are 52 volumes, including 1892 kinds of drugs, including 374 kinds of new drugs and10/096 prescriptions. The book also draws11/exquisite illustrations, which is one of the medical treasures in China. It is a systematic summary of traditional Chinese medicine before16th century. It is known as the "encyclopedia of oriental medicine" and has the greatest influence on modern human science.
In addition, Shennong, Bian Que and Huatuo are also famous figures in medical history.
Among them, Shennong is the legendary inventor of agriculture and medicine. His most famous activity is "Shennong tasting a hundred herbs". And to commemorate his contribution to the world, the people named this vast forest "Shennongjia". Renamed the Huisheng Village of Shennong to Liuxiang Village.
Bian Que is the founder of traditional medicine in China. On the basis of summarizing the medical experience of predecessors, we have created a method to diagnose diseases by looking, smelling, asking and feeling. Among these four diagnostic methods, Bian Que is especially good at interrogation and pulse diagnosis. At that time, Bian Que's pulse diagnosis technique was superb and famous all over the world.
Hua tuo's medical skill is superb. He pioneered general anesthesia surgery and was called "the originator of surgery" by later generations. He is not only proficient in prescription science, but also admirable in acupuncture. Hua tuo used "Ma Fei San" to perform abdominal surgery, which pioneered general anesthesia surgery. He also made an important contribution to medical sports, founded the famous Wuqinxi, and Hua Tuo was also good at applying psychotherapy to treat diseases.
There are many famous books in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. It has left precious wealth for the development of world medicine.
Time is modern, and China pioneered the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine. It has brought profound enlightenment and far-reaching influence to the development of human medicine, especially the traditional medicine of various countries and nationalities.
According to the conclusion that science and technology are the primary productive forces, academics are the foundation of career development. Therefore, the basic principle of "paying equal attention to Chinese and Western medicine" formulated in the 1990s is that both Chinese and Western medicine theoretical systems should be paid equal attention. We should not regard the West as more important than China, let alone learn from it. As far as the relationship between science and technology is concerned, science is the theoretical basis of technology, and technology is the practical application of science. Therefore, the core of "paying equal attention to both Chinese and western medicine" is that Chinese medicine and western medicine must pay equal attention to their respective scientific and theoretical parts, and can neither replace science with technology nor be used in West Africa in science and theory. Therefore, it is also a political issue to scientifically understand the strategic policy of "paying equal attention to Chinese and western medicine" in today's pluralistic culture and science between the East and the West.
Facing the 2 1 century, the whole country must be soberly aware that Chinese medicine is on the eve of a once-in-a-lifetime comprehensive revitalization, which is the historical patronage of human scientific development to the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. We must seize the opportunity and don't hesitate or waste time.
First, in the 20th century, with the rapid development of western medicine, the limitations of its own ideas and theories that western medicine could not overcome were increasingly exposed; The toxic and side effects of western medicine's chemical synthetic drugs and the lack of special treatment methods for more than two-thirds of internal diseases force western medicine to "return to nature" and hope to seek complementarity and self-help from traditional medicine. In the field of traditional medicine in the world, only Chinese medicine has formed a relatively complete theoretical system. Traditional medicine in other countries is still at the primary level in theory, but in fact it is only an empirical traditional treatment method and technology. Now western medicine seeks complementarity from traditional medicine, and its vision has focused on Chinese medicine. Therefore, "paying equal attention to both Chinese and western medicine" is likely to develop into the general trend of human medicine in 2 1 century. In this sense, "Chinese medicine should go to the world in an upright way" means spreading authentic Chinese medicine that is not available abroad to all countries in the world. Although this process needs to be carried out in a planned and step-by-step manner, it is by no means to westernize Chinese medicine and then send it abroad.
Secondly, China is the hometown of traditional Chinese medicine, and the only big producer of traditional Chinese medicine in the world. While meeting the domestic demand, Chinese medicine will gradually go to the world, so it is possible for Chinese medicine to develop into the largest knowledge-based economy industry in China. For example, the total annual investment in health care in the world is about 2. 5 trillion US dollars, and our big country with a population of 65.438+0.2 billion only accounts for about 654.38+0.6% of it. If Chinese medicine is gradually going to the world while it is constantly reviving, it is not impossible for us to make a share of the world's total medical and health investment 10% through careful organization and scientific management in medical exchanges, drug exports and medical services. In this way, we can get back $250 billion in foreign exchange every year. By then, Chinese medicine will naturally become a unique and sustainable economic growth point in China, benefiting all mankind. For Chinese medicine, this is our big politics. Therefore, TCM should not only be "westernized" or "lost", but also be revitalized and developed.
2 1 the research on the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine will continue to develop in depth along the direction and goal of "promoting the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine" pointed out in 1996 Decision on Health Reform and Development in the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
(A) China has formed the knowledge of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine will deepen development. Practice will further prove the necessity, inevitability, superiority, regularity and innovation of the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, indicating that the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine is an important direction of medical development.
(2) More and more scientists, physicians, pharmacists and even pharmaceutical enterprises at home and abroad will devote themselves to the research of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, so that the research of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine will develop in the direction of multidisciplinary, multi-level, high-level and comprehensive research, so as to absorb multidisciplinary knowledge, refine new medical knowledge, form new medical categories, produce new medical achievements and medical technologies, weave a new concept framework and network of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, construct a theoretical system of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, and promote integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.
(3) It is still the main direction of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine research in 2 1 century to carry out prevention and treatment research closely around major diseases and common diseases that endanger human health and life, as well as research and development of new drugs and technologies. The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine will surely become an important way to "comprehensively prevent and treat" human diseases.
(4) The medical education of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine will develop rapidly, and the education system will be constantly improved to meet the needs of social development and medical development. For example, the "general practitioner" in China must be a general practitioner who combines traditional Chinese and western medicine.
(5) The construction of medical institutions such as hospitals with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine will develop rapidly, and the advantages of medical institutions with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in medical treatment, prevention, rehabilitation, health care, nursing and community health services will become increasingly apparent. The concept, methods and research results of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine will be further popularized and applied in various medical institutions.
(6) The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine will keep pace with modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, promote each other and develop together.
Promoting and realizing the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine is the direction and lofty goal of medical development in China, and it is the common historical mission of medical and health workers and scientific and technological workers in China.
2 1 century is bound to be a century of vigorous development of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. It is also a century of vigorous development of "combined medicine" which combines traditional medicine with modern medicine.