As an important part of university cultural quality education, music appreciation course is universal and easy to operate, and it is one of the best ways to implement music education in colleges and universities. The training goal of college music education is different from that of professional music education. Its main task is to cultivate and improve students' aesthetic ability and cultural accomplishment through art courses and colorful extracurricular cultural and artistic activities. Moreover, the object of education is also different from other major disciplines in the university, which is mainly divided into three levels: elective students, art specialty students and correspondence students. The music foundation is uneven and the subject background is different. The particularity of training objectives and the hierarchy of educational objects determine that music appreciation courses need reasonable positioning and planning. At present, there are still some problems worth discussing in the teaching materials, teaching forms and methods, curriculum evaluation mechanism and the improvement of teachers' quality.
First, the selection of teaching materials and the optimization of teaching content.
(A) should choose teaching materials.
In order to ensure the quality of teaching materials, it is particularly important to choose high-quality teaching materials that are commonly used and recognized in colleges and universities all over the country. For example, excellent textbooks for national colleges and universities selected by the Ministry of Education, 2 1 century curriculum textbooks, planning textbooks or key textbooks listed in the Construction and Reform Plan of Textbooks for Colleges and Universities, textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education, award textbooks at or above the provincial level, excellent textbooks newly published in recent three years and recognized by peers, etc. The teaching materials of music appreciation class should be selected from the above-mentioned teaching materials, and teachers should strictly control the quality of teaching materials.
(B) should study and deal with teaching materials.
As the basis and carrier of curriculum implementation, teaching materials are the most basic material curriculum resources. The focus of its development and utilization lies in the research and processing of teaching materials. At present, there are many problems in the teaching materials of music appreciation in colleges and universities, such as insufficient multidisciplinary penetration, weak sense of the times, and insufficient continuity and systematicness of knowledge. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the selected textbooks, expand and update the teaching content according to the actual teaching needs, break the limitations of the textbooks and make up for the shortcomings of the textbooks.
Second, the reform of teaching forms and teaching methods
The reform of teaching forms and methods should not blindly deny the tradition, but on the basis of properly retaining and perfecting the tradition, we should strive to explore the transformation from knowledge transfer to multi-dimensional teaching, and realize multi-dimensional teaching combining skills, appreciation and on-site display. For higher-level students, research-based teaching can also be carried out to create conditions for students' independent development and improvement of comprehensive quality.
(A) comprehensive teaching forms, optimize classroom teaching
Many teaching methods that have great influence in the history of music education pay attention to the synthesis of teaching forms. For example, Orff's teaching method pays attention to the synthesis of music and dance, action and language; Dalcroze's teaching method pays attention to the synthesis of different forms of each course. At the beginning of this century, comprehensive teaching method became more common. For example, in the music syllabus of elementary schools in Hesse, Germany, it is pointed out that besides listening to music and performing music, there are also the following ways to deal with music: 1. Handle music in the picture (express your imagination through painting, accept the visual association of music you listen to, and express the structure and elements of music with pictures); 2. Handle music with body rhythm (rhythm games, plot performances, pantomime performances, dances, etc.). ); 3. Deal with music with language (discuss music, write poems to explain music, turn music into language, turn language into words, etc.). Jerome J Hausman said in his "Arts and the Schools": "Just as language teaching can integrate listening, speaking, reading and writing, art teaching can also integrate visual art, auditory art and tactile art." The integration of teaching forms can mobilize students' various cognitive channels, explore students' various potentials, and greatly improve students' interest in learning.
(two) based on tradition, towards modernization.
With the rapid development of modern educational technology and the wide application of network technology, the connotation and extension of courses and teaching materials have changed greatly, as well as the mode of human understanding and accepting knowledge and the way and method of learning. In the traditional teaching method, knowledge is taught step by step, which is the advantage of the traditional teaching method, but it also has its limitations. Music teachers should look at the problem of music appreciation teaching in colleges and universities from the perspective of quality education. Music appreciation class should not only enrich students' knowledge, but also guide students to master the thinking methods and research methods of the subject, leaving students with the thinking space they need. In addition to using multimedia to assist teaching activities with audio, video, pictures, words and other documents, teachers should also arrange homework in the form of small papers, guide students to collect relevant information in the library and the Internet, and then come back to class for discussion. Or use the teacher's website in the campus network to consolidate, extend and expand students' after-school knowledge. Cultivate their independence, creative thinking and the ability to solve problems by using the information they have.
(C) expand foreign exchanges, the pursuit of teaching effectiveness
The communication between music appreciation class and other public art classes in colleges and universities is not deep, and the communication with other major majors in the school is not sufficient. Exchanges between schools are not frequent, and exchanges with domestic social culture and the international community are even rarer, which highlights the relative autism of foreign exchanges. This is not conducive to the flow of music art education itself, to serving the society and to the overall development of the school. Music art education is at the forefront of campus culture and even social culture. Music appreciation courses in colleges and universities should actively carry out exchanges and cooperation with other fields, strengthen the connection and integration between courses, constantly absorb the latest achievements of music art, absorb the advanced achievements and experiences of natural science, humanities and music majors in colleges and universities in teaching ideas and teaching methods, and constantly transmit and infiltrate their spirit and ideas to students and society. In this process, the creation and education of musical works of art and their objects can form a two-way backflow.
(d) Different teaching methods have two aspects.
In the development of higher education in China, the institutionalization and standardization of teaching management in colleges and universities have made great achievements in establishing a scientific and advanced management model, but at the same time they have brought some negative effects. For example, the teaching arrangement puts too much emphasis on standardization, and does not distinguish between knowledge background structure, disciplines, differences between new and old teachers, the same requirements and the same standards. Some unnecessary rules and regulations limit teachers' creativity and affect their enthusiasm. We talk more about teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, which requires targeted teaching according to the different characteristics of students. However, the differences and plasticity in the teaching process are not only manifested in students, but also in the teaching of teachers with different characteristics. For example, teachers with profound knowledge can start with cultivating students' rationality, logic and research ability and carry out research teaching; Teachers with strong operational and organizational skills can carry out experimental teaching to cultivate students' image, integrity and operational skills. Teachers should recognize differences, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and seek diversity under unification and standardization.
Third, quantitative evaluation indicators and diversified evaluation forms.
Because the change of music education ideas and educational objectives will affect the evaluation of teaching, and at the same time, appropriate teaching evaluation will promote the transformation of curriculum construction and educational ideas. According to the current trend of "establishing an evaluation system with multiple evaluation indexes and various evaluation forms, paying attention to both results and process", we should strive to explore and improve the curriculum evaluation mechanism in the dynamic teaching process, promote students' development and improve teachers' teaching level.
(A) quantitative evaluation index system of teaching methods
In the evaluation standard of teaching quality, the evaluation index of teaching methods is vague, and the attention to the reform and development of teaching methods is obviously insufficient. In the evaluation, it is still mainly to see whether the blackboard writing is neat and clear; Whether to integrate the frontier knowledge of the subject and introduce your own scientific research achievements, and the diversification and personalization of specific methods are mostly blank. The author believes that it is necessary to quantify the evaluation criteria of teaching methods and increase the certainty and operability of the evaluation criteria of teaching methods, which can make the teaching evaluation system develop in a three-dimensional, institutionalized and standardized direction, and at the same time make the construction of evaluation systems at all levels more complete and more balanced.
(2) Establish a comprehensive evaluation system for music and art education.
Establish a comprehensive evaluation system of music art education, and set corresponding indicators from the aspects of teaching workload, guidance to student art groups, participation in school and social art practice activities, students' academic performance, and academic research level. Therefore, the performance of music art teachers in colleges and universities is assessed and evaluated, aiming at mobilizing their enthusiasm in the transformation from narrow professional education to comprehensive quality education and playing a leading role.
(C) the diversity of evaluation forms and combinations
The evaluation of musical aesthetic emotion is combined with the evaluation of theoretical knowledge. On the basis of music sensibility evaluation, oral analysis and writing small papers can be adopted to promote the improvement of theoretical analysis ability.
The combination of formative evaluation and summative evaluation pays attention to the investigation of learning process and learning attitude, and promotes the play of learning enthusiasm. You can use classroom questions and answers, discussions, study questionnaires, unit assignments, course papers, written tests and other ways to feedback the learning effect, and carry out formative evaluation and summative evaluation. We should not only understand students' learning attitudes and methods in the learning process, but also pay attention to the quality and degree of students' learning goals, and evaluate students' overall learning by combining quantitative evaluation with qualitative evaluation.
Fourth, improve the quality of teachers in an all-round way.
"The soldiers and horses have not moved, and the food and grass go first." Teachers who are proficient in business and have pioneering and innovative spirit have the important premise and necessary conditions for cultivating qualified talents, and the sustained and healthy development of education is fully guaranteed.
(1) Improve academic level and professional quality.
Facing the teaching objects with different subject backgrounds, music appreciation courses in comprehensive universities require music teachers not only to have solid professional knowledge and ability, but also to have their own cultural backgrounds in history, astronomy, geography, painting, architecture and so on. Therefore, teachers should have exploration consciousness and learning ability, constantly improve their education level and broaden their knowledge structure. At the same time, through further study and visiting schools, I diligently learn music playing skills and accumulate rich singing and playing tracks. Actively expand various channels to create conditions for improving professional quality, artistic ability, performance ability and teaching skills.
(B) Scientific research and teaching learn from each other and strengthen academic exchanges.
Scientific research should be linked with teaching, serve teaching and promote teaching; Teaching also stimulates scientific research and creativity, and teaching and scientific research complement each other. At the same time, we should strengthen academic exchanges, broaden our horizons and understand the latest academic trends in this field, which is conducive to developing new research topics in frontier fields.
(C) Give full play to the greatest advantages of information technology and educational technology
Although audio-visual education has made great progress in recent years, the equipment of multimedia classrooms has become more and more advanced and complete, but without modern teaching concepts, it is impossible to achieve teaching results only by improving hardware conditions. The application of information technology in the teaching process is based on "promoting the integration of information technology and subject courses, and gradually realizing the changes in the presentation mode of teaching content, the learning mode of students, the teaching mode of teachers and the interaction mode between teachers and students"; "Give full play to the advantages of information technology and provide a colorful teaching environment and favorable learning tools for students' learning and development. "We should realize the great role of modern information technology and see its essence. Music teachers should not only master multimedia technology skillfully, but also explore the combination of information technology and music teaching. They should have the ability to fully develop and utilize network resources, broaden and dig the depth of music appreciation teaching at multiple levels. Only by carrying out reasonable teaching design according to classroom needs can we give full play to the greatest advantages of information technology.
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Music appreciation education is not only one of the best ways to implement music education in colleges and universities, but also one of the best ways to inherit the crystallization of human culture and art. The diversity and richness of music education itself are incomparable to other disciplines. How to give full play to the role of music in cultivating college students' all-round development, grasp the pulse of the times, pay attention to social changes, deepen teaching reform and improve teaching quality is a long-term task for music educators.