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Forestry scientific papers 1 forest rodent control technology

Rodents have a very negative impact on the survival and development of forestry. Rodents do great harm to trees. Rodents are a major natural disaster in the forest. They mainly eat trunks, branches, fruits and seeds, which directly affect the strategic implementation of forest fruit industry and forestry ecological engineering. This paper puts forward several rodent control methods and measures to improve the rodent control effect.

Keywords: forest rodent control technology

China Library Classification Number: TU986 Document Identification Number: A

Foreword:

Due to the low canopy density of natural secondary forests and artificial forests, single species, deterioration of ecological environment, weak ability to resist pest infection, and anxiety and destructive activities caused by human activities, the forest ecosystem has been seriously damaged, the natural enemy population of rodents has decreased, the forest rodent population has increased, and the forest is facing serious threats. Therefore, the prevention and control of forest rodents is imminent.

First, the cause of rat damage

1, the characteristics of rodents themselves

Rodents can grow and reproduce rapidly in different forest environments because of their small size, strong adaptability to the environment, miscellaneous eating habits and fast reproduction, which leads to the phenomenon of forest rodents.

2. The impact of human activities

In the process of social development, some human activities directly or indirectly promote the occurrence of rodents. For example, killing a large number of natural enemies of rodents leads to an imbalance in the food chain and rapid reproduction of rodents. In addition, in forestry construction, the structure design of artificial forest is unreasonable, the species is single, and it is also vulnerable to rodents. In the long-term rodent control process, the same chemical agent has been used in some places, which leads to the drug resistance of rodents, which is not conducive to rodent control. However, due to the lack of experience, technology and funds, it is impossible to carry out timely and effective long-term prevention and control of rodent pests in more places.

3. Other reasons

In recent years, the phenomenon of "warm winter" has appeared all over the world, which is conducive to the survival and reproduction of forest rodents, resulting in a large number of forest rodents and rapid population accumulation. The proportion of natural secondary forest and artificial young forest is too large, the distribution of completely closed forest is less, and most forest ecosystems are fragile, providing sufficient sunlight, food and habitat for forest rodents. First of all, the young age of secondary forest and artificial young forest, low average canopy density and sufficient sunshine are the main reasons for the continuous expansion of forest rodent damage. Secondly, secondary forest and artificial young forest are single tree species, and the secondary forest is mainly pure forest in a large area, mainly larch, spruce and birch. Which kind of forest is suitable for a large area, a single species provides a large number of concentrated places for mice who like to eat a certain kind of forest, which is the reason for the increase of forest mouse harm. Thirdly, in natural secondary forests and artificial young forests, human activities, such as grazing and predation of natural enemies of forest rats, have destroyed the forest ecosystem, and the natural enemies of forest rats in the system have decreased, resulting in an increase in the population of forest rats.

Second, the law of rodent infestation

The population of forest rats is more in coniferous forest than broad-leaved forest, and forest rats mainly harm coniferous forest, and rarely harm broad-leaved trees. According to the damage of trees, the order of the main forest rats feeding on trees is Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Mongolia, larch, spruce, Korean pine and shrub.

1, there are more young plantations than natural secondary forests.

The primitive Korean pine forest is cold and humid, and the ground cover is scarce, which is not conducive to the survival of terrestrial rodents. Because there are a lot of forest seeds, arboreal rodents, chipmunks and squirrels are suitable for survival. The natural secondary forest is mixed with various stands, so there are traces of both terrestrial and arboreal rats. Young plantation has low canopy density, abundant sunshine and abundant phloem juice, and the number of terrestrial rodents is absolutely dominant. There are no chipmunks and squirrels because there are no seeds of trees in the artificial young forest.

2. The forest with low canopy density is more than the forest with high canopy density.

Most rodents like to live in sunny places. Brown back flat mainly lives in sunny slope afforestation land, and red back flat mainly lives in gentle slope afforestation land; In natural secondary forests, if there are sparse woodlands and patches of larch or spruce young trees, there will also be a certain number of brown backs and red backs; If the broad-leaved trees in the woodland are absolutely dominant or completely closed, there are few mice.

Three, the types of hazards and classification

According to the living habits and characteristics of forest rodents, the damage types can be divided into two categories: aboveground damage and underground damage.

1, ground hazard

This rodent lives on the ground or underground, but the harm is only on the ground. It mainly eats twigs and leaves of trunks and young trees and steals the seeds of trees.

2. Underground danger

This kind of rodents mainly refers to plateau zokor, which lives underground and is mainly distributed in returning farmland to forests and natural forest areas, endangering the roots of woody plants and leading to the death of seedlings. Endangered tree species include Pinus tabulaeformis, Larix gmelinii, Hippophae rhamnoides, Caragana korshinskii, Apricot, Peach and Elaeagnus angustifolia.

Four, rodent control technical measures

1, preventive measures

1. 1, greening design

In afforestation design, it is necessary to reasonably match tree species, select various conifers, broadleaf trees and shrub species suitable for local growth, and implement mixed conifers and broadleaves, mixed arbor and shrub, and mixed irrigation and irrigation to avoid creating a single pure forest. It is necessary to optimize the stand and tree species structure, implement reasonable close planting, and use the developed roots of shrubs and secondary forest trees to prevent underground rodent activities.

1.2, prevention and control of green land

Preventive treatment should be carried out before afforestation. First, reduce the number of rodents. If there are too many rodents in the afforestation area, rodents should be killed first, and afforestation should be carried out after the density of rodents is reduced; Second, before afforestation, deep ploughing should be combined with fish scale pits to destroy mouse holes; Three, improve the sanitary conditions of forest land, clean up the branches, dead branches, fallen trees and other debris in the afforestation area, and destroy the habitat of rats. When preparing soil before afforestation, don't remove the roots of shrubs, because the roots of the original shrubs.

Once destroyed, underground rats will quickly invade the afforestation land and endanger the seedlings. For the plots with frequent underground rat activities, it is necessary to dig a rat-proof ditch, and the wall of the ditch should be vertical to the ground to destroy the rat-trapping tunnel.

1.3, afforestation seedling treatment

Before afforestation, necessary protective technical measures should be taken for seedlings. You can use repellent and multi-effect drought-resistant rodent repellent to dry the seedlings or dip the roots for preventive treatment. Forest protectant control is a protective measure for afforestation seedlings. This measure is non-toxic, can protect many kinds of trees from rodents, and has obvious protection effect on main afforestation tree species, economic forest tree species and tree species, with long duration and simple operation. At present, there are multi-effect drought-resistant rodent repellent, P- 1 repellent and so on.

1.4, forest tending management

Tending management should be strengthened to reduce the harm of rodents after afforestation to the middle and young stage of trees. For rodents on the ground, it is necessary to improve the environmental sanitation in the forest during tending and cutting, remove shrubs and vines in the forest in time, destroy the habitat of rodents, and reduce their activities and food reserves. At the same time, control the intensity of tending and pruning, and promote the early closure of young and middle-aged forests.

In the years when there are a large number of rodents, logging residues such as tree heads, branches and shrub branches can be piled up at fixed points in the forest to provide rodents with emergency food in winter to reduce their harm to trees.

2, physical prevention and control

Underground rats can be controlled by physical instruments such as ground arrows, bow clips, rat bombs and rat mines. For rodents on the ground, rodent "traps", mousetraps and other environmental protection mousetraps can be set to kill rodents; The trunk base can be protected by plastic and metal sleeves, or painted white, coated with sand or bound with reeds, dried straw, plastic sheets and other things; You can also use coarse sand *** 10 ~3000 ring latex paint for priming, or use other substances to form a repellent layer to prevent rats from directly contacting trees and being bitten. Among them, the plastic sleeve protection method is to cover the base of the tree with other ready-made materials in the hard plastic pipe field, such as removing the spring bottle at the bottom and near the mouth. Regular casing is made of plastic mould, which can be divided into two petals, and the thickness of the pipe should be kept at a gap of 3 ~5cm from the trunk. The plastic cloth cover protection method is to roll the plastic cloth into a tube and wrap it at the base of the tree. The pipe can also be filled with leaves, soil, etc. When applied, the bottom of the plastic pipe should be in close contact with the ground or buried in the soil.

3. Biological control

3. 1, technical control of reproductive infertility

The prevention and control of rat infertility is to reduce the fertility of female and male rats by feeding drugs, so that the rat population can maintain a low population density for a long time, thus reducing the degree of harm. The rodenticide has no pollution to the environment, is safe to natural enemies, and is suitable for large-scale control. At present, Beo male sterile rodenticide and plant sterile agent are used in production.

3.2. Protection and utilization of natural enemies

There are many natural enemies of forest rats, including owls, warblers and birds, snakes in reptiles and Huang Xun, Xun Qing, Yin Xun and foxes in mammals. We should strengthen the protection of natural enemies of rats. First, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and protecting the living environment of natural enemies. Second, it is forbidden to capture and hunt natural enemies of rodents; Third, build stone piles or branches, firewood piles and hay piles in artificial forests to attract weasels; Fourth, on the edge of the plantation or in the open space of the forest, large broad-leaved trees are reserved, or trees with natural tree holes are placed by hanging suction poles.

Festival, in order to facilitate the habitat and reproduction of rat-eating birds. Where conditions permit, natural enemies of harmful rats can also be artificially raised and put into forest land to artificially increase the population of natural enemies, so as to achieve the purpose of effectively suppressing the population density of harmful rats for a long time.

3.3, chemical drugs to kill rats

In the case that preventive measures and other preventive measures cannot effectively control rodents, chemical drugs can be used to kill rodents. In order to avoid human and animal poisoning, killing natural enemies and polluting the environment caused by chemical agents, rodenticide without secondary poisoning should be selected and applied in the form of * * * * * 5 ~ 10g * * bags, bait protection bottles, cans and barrels. Bait protection devices can be included if necessary.

"Poison bait protector", commonly known as "poison bait station", refers to a container that can hold poison bait and allow rats to enter for food, while other non-target animals cannot enter. Using poison bait protector to kill rats has the following advantages: first, there are few feeding points, which saves medicine and labor and is easy to operate; The second is to protect the environment and reduce pollution, which is conducive to protecting natural enemies; The third is to protect the poison bait from deterioration, which can be fed all year round and is suitable for the control of all hamsters. "Poison bait protector" can be made of plastic bottles or bamboo tubes, as long as rats can enter freely; When in use, the prepared bait is directly or put into a small paper bag, and then put into the bait protection device, and the opening of the bait is inclined downward as far as possible. Generally, poison bait protectant 1 per mu is used, and each poison bait protectant contains about150g of poison bait, and the poison bait is supplemented according to the feeding situation of rats. All localities should appropriately increase or decrease the number of bait protectors according to the rat situation, and gradually promote the use on the basis of demonstration.

Conclusion:

Forestry is the key development project of environmental protection in China. Protecting the healthy and sustainable development of forests not only plays an important role in improving the ecological environment, but also provides corresponding forest resources for people's lives. Therefore, for the phenomenon that rodents harm forestry development, we must give priority to prevention, supplemented by treatment, vigorously develop the number of natural enemies of rodents, and try our best to eliminate rodents and protect forestry without affecting the normal living environment of forest species.

References:

[1] Hou Kunlong, Lai Jianhua. Occurrence regularity and control methods of forest rodents. Jilin Forestry Science and Technology, 1995438+0.

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