1, about the definition, we can know from the definition of Buddhist dictionary: stop in one place, don't let it move, it is fixed. So is the role of the mind. There are two kinds of meditation: scattered meditation in one's life and meditation in two practices. People who practice meditation, because the color world has no color world heart, will practice hard and get it. For example, meditation in the three studies and paramita in the six degrees refer to meditation that has been practiced. Brahma samadhi, translated, and so on. Those who wait for it also maintain the meaning of the soul. Personal experience, whether standing, sitting or lying down, can be decided. In the 1980s, I learned Qigong in the sun. I can meditate and settle down. When you studied Buddhism in the 1990s, you could get a fixed position. Later, when I got married and got married, there were fewer cases where I could have a fixed position. This also shows that keeping precepts is indeed the truth. It is difficult to directly describe the experience of concentration. I can only give two examples: First, when I was in college at 1988, one morning, I felt a little unwell, so I skipped classes and went to the mountains to practice Qigong. I stood under a tree in the lee, looking at the distance, and suddenly felt my breath sinking. I know I'm going to concentrate, so I don't have any ideas. Let nature take its course and drop my eyes. If I'm not going to make a decision, I'm afraid I can stand it for longer. Secondly, my grandfather died young, my father was a posthumous child, and my parents often dreamed of people wearing long gowns, suspecting that my grandfather was seeking detachment. I began to learn the Buddhism of Pure Land Sect from 1989. 1990 Spring Festival, according to rural customs, it depends on the ancestral graves. I wanted to take the opportunity to recite the Buddha's name for my grandfather, so I meditated in front of the grave and recited the Buddha's name. Inadvertently, the Buddha's name came up and his deeds were settled. I read it for ten minutes, and I only read one Buddhist name in ten minutes, which was vivid and clear. If someone hadn't called to leave, I believe this situation would have lasted longer. From this, I confirmed a truth. One thought is not a sentence, nor is it always read, but there is really only one thought, and the length of time is not fixed.

These experiences are only personal experiences, and there is no good knowledge to prove them at present. I never dared to make a holy solution myself, and I also asked the landlord and the viewer not to make a holy solution.

2. There is a book "Introduction to Buddhist Artifacts" for reference. Here are some excerpts:

An instrument is also called a Buddhist instrument, a Buddhist instrument, an instrument or a prop. Broadly speaking, all the solemn Buddhist altars in Buddhist temples, as well as all kinds of prayer, dharma practice, support, dharma meetings, prayer beads carried by Buddhists, and even tools for practicing in all directions can be called instruments. In terms of internal meaning, all tools for supporting Buddhas, solemnly practicing Dojo and practicing Buddhism and Taoism are all instruments.

There are many kinds of musical instruments, and their uses, types and sizes are also very different, so many changes have taken place under different time and space reasons. Even musical instruments with the same name are quite different in form, materials and manufacturing methods due to the differences of times, countries, regions and even religions. In the art and craft of Buddhism, musical instruments are often displayed.

If it is distinguished by use, it can be generally divided into six types: Zhuang Yanyi, Buddha-offering instrument, timer, container, walker and tantric instrument. But in this book, in order to let readers have a deeper understanding of these instruments, they are divided into eight categories for more detailed classification. Among them, except for the special instruments of Zen, the special instruments used by Tibetan Buddhism are separated from the tantric instruments, so that readers can better understand the original appearance and use of these instruments. These eight tools are classified as follows:

1. Buddhist tools of solemn Dojo: This refers to the tools of solemn Buddhist temples, altars and Dojo, including: Buddhist altar, sumeru altar, banners, covers, buildings, etc.

2. Sacrifice to Buddha: This refers to the daily utensils for offering sacrifices to Buddha and Bodhisattva, including: lamps, flowers, incense, incense burners, clothes (showing the left and warning the right), household utensils, etc.

Third, the instruments used to recite Brahma: the instruments used in daily activities or temporary gatherings in temples, as well as the instruments used to lead the public to recite scriptures, dharma meetings and various ceremonies. Including wooden fish, bells, drums, chimes, cloud boards, etc.

Four. Household utensils of ancient monks: these utensils were used by ancient Mahayana monks in their personal lives, including bowls, three clothes, bath beans, headscarves, towels, dental wood, water filter bags, prayer beads and so on.

5. Zen gate instruments: this category refers to Zen gate instruments, such as strokes, wishful thinking, bamboo rafts, futon, etc. These are not only practical in life, but also often used by Zen masters to enlighten students.

6. Storage of instruments: This kind of instruments refers to instruments that can be collected or installed, such as shrines, pagodas, prayer boxes, body-abstinence boxes, etc.

Seven, Tantric instruments: This kind of instruments refers to the instruments often used in Tantric practice, including Datura, diamond pestle, magic snail, friction protector and so on.

Eight, Tibetan secret special instruments: This kind of instruments refers to the special instruments in Tibetan esoteric religion, such as: Thangka, Hada, Ga, Eight Jixiang, Qibao, Cranial Instrument, Ga Wu, etc.

In fact, the instrument is a tool for practicing Buddhism and Taoism, and it is also a tool for practicing Buddhist etiquette and life, and it is integrated with practice. Therefore, in addition to the tool art of Buddhism, this musical instrument is of great value. Of course, the most important thing for practitioners is to understand the inner spirit of the instrument and apply it to the practice of Buddhism and Taoism in order to cultivate a perfect Buddhism and Taoism. This is what the instrument really wants to show.

Instruments are also called "Buddha", "Buddha", "props" and "instruments".

All Buddhist altars used for prayer, dharma practice, sacrifice, dharma meeting and other Buddhist services, as well as Buddhist prayer beads, Zhang Xi and other temple utensils carried by practitioners, are collectively called utensils.

"Hua Yan Jing" (Chapter of Entering the Dharma and Elder Bao Ji) says: "If all the Bodhisattvas have incredible treasures of merit, they will even build props without merit." Again, "good luck is like reading: those who are good at knowledge will become wise and useful."

"China and Han Jing" said: "What can be used for enlightenment is a tool to improve the law." "Bodhisattva precepts" also says: "Endowed students have tools by the way." Volume 19 of the Notes on the Elephant in the Zen Forest also says: "Everything with three clothes, everything that helps to enter the Tao, is called a prop."

According to the records in various books, the contents of vessels are not necessarily, but the vessels commonly used for practicing dharma are all called "instruments" or "instruments". According to "Antiquities Garden", ancient props, that is, tools held by monks such as three clothes and six objects, cobalt independence, wishful thinking, strokes, seating, etc., are also called monk tools. Vases, firehouses, incense burners, lampstands, barrels, lids, flower curtains, banners, chimes, snails, wooden fish, cymbals, cymbals, drums, bells, etc. It is usually called Buddha, Buddha or utensil.

There are many kinds of musical instruments, with different uses, sizes and shapes. Even musical instruments with the same name are completely different in form because of different materials and techniques, or different sects and times. According to the use of vessels, they can be roughly divided into six types: Buddhist vessels in the solemn Dojo, vessels for supporting buddhas and bodhisattvas, vessels for supporting Bai Fan, and vessels for storing things.

(1) Buddhist tools in the solemn Dojo, such as banners, canopies, umbrellas, treasures, etc. , can be used as a solemn Dojo artifacts.

(2) utensils for supporting buddhas and bodhisattvas, such as fragrant flowers, incense burners, lanterns, clean bottles, clothes, etc. It can be used as a vessel for daily sacrifice.

(3) Brahma's chanting instruments, such as bells, drums, chimes, wooden fish, cloud plates, etc., can be used for daily activities or temporary gatherings in temples, and can also be used to lead the public in chanting, Dharma meetings, Dharma meetings and other ceremonies.

(four) storage items, such as relics containers, warp boxes, warp reeds, ring boxes, etc. , which can be used to store or install instruments related to Taoism.

(5) The daily necessities of ancient monks refer to the items necessary for the life of ancient Mahayana monks, such as bowls, looking around, wishful thinking, dust tails, strokes, rosaries, etc.

Bowls are used by monks to swim and beg for food. According to the size of individual food intake, the materials are mainly iron bowls and pottery bowls. In order to avoid disturbing the benefactor, Xizhang vibrated tin at the door instead of knocking. Zhang Xi's staff head is made of metal, which is shaped like a wheel-shaped sphere, and several rings are connected in the sphere. When it vibrates, it will collide and make a sound. Monks hold it, which is not only a symbol of sacred wisdom and prestige, but also can shake and alarm when walking in the wilderness to drive away poisonous snakes and other things.

(6) Tantric instruments include instruments used for dharma practice, initiation and rubbing. For example, karma pestle, diamond pestle, diamond bell, diamond plate, six vessels (fire chamber, shovel jar, ointment jar, porcelain jar, lamp, food container) and diamond for enchantment. Most importantly, they are called big pots.

Karma King Kong, also known as Karma pestle or Karma for short, is in the shape of a cobalt cross. There are many kinds of diamond pestle, including monocobalt pestle, tricobalt pestle, pentacobaltous pestle, ninecobaltous pestle and so on. Each cobalt (strand) is in the shape of a ghost face or a human figure, and the top of the cobalt is in the shape of a grip, which can be held by a walker.

There are three kinds of diamond bells: one cobalt bell, three cobalt bells and five cobalt bells. If the above three kinds of clocks are placed at the top of the tower, they are called tower clocks and treasure clocks. The diamond plate is used to place the diamond pestle, diamond bell and other things when practicing dharma. In addition, there are special hidden utensils, such as Thangka, Gallium, Mani Wheel, Eight Jixiang, Qibao, Manda and Gawu.

The esoteric instruments are not only used to practice Buddhism, but also are often regarded as works of art because of their exquisite production.

3. For the translation of Buddhist classics, please refer to Examples of Ancient and Modern Translation and Illustration of Ancient and Modern Translation. See the Tripitaka for details.

In China, the translation of classics began with Mo Teng, a respected emperor of the Han Dynasty in the East, and ended with King Kong, a monk in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. After that, few people dared to translate the classics rashly. Please read the specific translators and the classic names of the translators. There are too many contents to list one by one.