According to the record of "Solid Food Letter", Qin Xiaogong held the land of Yongzhou, and the monarch and his subjects stuck to it to get a glimpse of the Zhou family, which meant sweeping the world, embracing the world and annexing the Eight Wastes. When the time is right, Shang Jun will assist him, making laws at home, farming and weaving, maintaining the tools of war, and confronting the vassals abroad. So the Qin people surrendered and took the Xijiang River.

Without filial piety, Huiwen, Wuwu and Zhao Xiang inherited their careers. Because of its legacy, Hanzhong in the south, Ba and Shu in the west, fertile land in the east and key counties in the north. Feared, the vassal states sought to weaken the State of Qin through alliance, and did not cherish the precious and fertile land, so that the people of the world could join hands and become one. At this time, there are Meng Chang, Zhao Pingyuan, Chu Chunshen and Wei Xinling.

These four monarchs are wise, faithful, generous, caring, virtuous and valued, and they are all members of Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. So the people of the six countries are Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin and Du He; Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen, Zhao Liu, Lou Slow and Zhai Jing all know what they mean. Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She led the troops. Taste ten times the land, a million divisions, knock on the customs and attack Qin.

Qin people used to delay the enemy, the division of the nine countries, and did not dare to enter. Wu Qin's death cost him money, but the ruler of the world has been trapped. So he was defeated from the loose contract and bribed Qin to cede territory. Qin spared no effort to control its disadvantages, chasing death and driving north, burying millions of bodies and bleeding; Take advantage of the trend, slaughter the world and split the mountains and rivers. Strong countries please submit, weak countries enter the DPRK. Show filial piety to King Wen and King Xiang Zhuang, and enjoy the country's short life and nothing to do with it. When Emperor Fen VI was fierce, he made a long-term plan to conquer the palace, swallowed the princes who died within two weeks, followed the supreme rule, and made Liuhe, whipping the world by beating and shocking the world.

Take the land of Baiyue in the south, thinking that Guilin, the king of Baiyue, tightened his neck first and appointed officials. Is to let Meng Tian build the Great Wall in the north and keep the fence. The Huns are only more than 700 miles away; The conference semifinals dare not go south to herd horses, and the scholars dare not bow to their knees. So let's abolish Wang Zhidao and burn the words of a hundred schools of thought. Famous city, killing heroes; Take the soldiers of the world, gather in Xianyang, sell dysprosium, and cast them into twelve gold people to weaken the people of the world. Then, Jianhua will become a city, because the river is a pool. According to the city of 100 million feet, the abyss will not be solid.

A good general will guard the key points with a strong crossbow, and a loyal minister will be Chen Libing. The world is set, and the emperor's heart begins, thinking that Guanzhong is solid, Jincheng is thousands of miles away, and the descendants of the emperor will always have a career. Since the king of Qin didn't, I was shocked by the extraordinary customs. However, Chen She, the son of the urn rope pivot, is a slave, and immigrants are not as rich as middlemen, sages and Yi Dun; Wandering among the ranks, squatting in the hustle and bustle, the rate of exhaustion of soldiers, hundreds of people, turned to attack Qin; Chop firewood for soldiers, uncover poles for flags, and the world will gather to respond, and seize grain with the scenery. Shandong Haojun rose together and Qin family died.

Besides, the world is not small and weak, and Yongzhou is solid and self-sufficient. Chen She's position is not respected by Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. It is not the same as the long shovel of the hook; The people stationed in the garrison are not resistant to the division of the nine countries; Visionary, marching with troops, not for the people of the times. However, there are differences between success and failure, and vice versa. Try to make Lu and Chen She bigger and bigger, and we can't talk about it in the same year. Qin, however, is a mere place, but it has become a thousand times more powerful, with eight countries in the same column, which has been more than a hundred years. Then take Liuhe government as an official; Water under the bridge, but difficult to be alone. Benevolence and kindness are not applied, and the tendency to attack and defend is different.

Translation:

Qin Xiaogong has the dangerous places of Yaoshan and Hanguguan, and the vast area of Yongzhou. The monarch (of Qin State) and his courtiers were firmly entrenched in the Zhou Dynasty, with the intention of annexing the world, occupying the sea, controlling the whole country and annexing all directions. At this time, Shang Yang assisted Qin Xiaogong, established the legal system at home, devoted himself to cultivating textiles, building defensive and offensive weapons, and promoting Lian Heng abroad, which made the vassal states fight against each other.

So the Qin people easily obtained a large area of land west of the Yellow River. After his death, King Huiwen and Xiang inherited the old business of their ancestors and followed the strategy left by their predecessors. They occupy Hanzhong in the south, Bashu area in the west, fertile land in the east and dangerous cities in the north. Fearful of the wind, the vassal States rose up and attacked, trying to weaken the State of Qin, recruiting people with lofty ideals and talents from all over the world with precious utensils, precious treasures and fertile land, adopting the strategy of vertical integration, making a covenant and helping each other to form a whole.

During this period, there were Qi, Zhao, Chu and Wei. These four gentlemen are smart, loyal, generous and friendly. They respect capable people and attach importance to counselors. * * * made a covenant to disperse Lian Heng in Qin and gather Han, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao and Yan. So the counselors of the six countries, such as Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin and Doukhi, planned for them; There are people like Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen, Zhao Liu, Lou Man, Zhai Jing, and so on to exchange their opinions; Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She led the troops.

They once forced Hanguguan to attack Qin with ten times the land and millions of troops. The Qin people opened the door to meet the enemy, and the troops of the nine countries lingered and dared not move forward. Qin didn't plough an arrow, an arrow, and the vassal States in the world were already embarrassed. So the alliance broke off the contract, and countries scrambled to cede territory and bribe Qin. Qin has enough strength to take advantage of their weaknesses, pursue the defeated army, and let countless bodies lie on their backs. The flowing blood can make the shields float; Take advantage of the favorable situation and convenient conditions to invade vassal States and carve up the land under the world.

Therefore, strong countries demand submission, and weak countries come to worship. It was spread to King Xiaowen and King Zhuangxiang, and his reign was short, so there was no major event in the country. On Qin Shihuang, he carried forward the achievements left by six generations of ancestors, galloped the world like a whip, annexed the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, wiped out the vassal states, ascended the throne of nobility, ruled all China, enslaved the people all over the world with severe punishment, and shocked the world with power. Seize the land of the southern Vietnamese and change it to Guilin County and Xiang Jun County; The tribal leaders of the State of Yue bowed their heads and surrendered, at the mercy of the small officials of the State of Qin.

Qin Shihuang sent Meng Tian, a general, to build the Great Wall in the north, guarding the frontier and repelling the Huns for more than 700 miles. Hu people dare not come to the south to herd horses, and the adherents of the Six Kingdoms dare not take up arms and hate snow. So Qin Shihuang abolished the ancient emperors' methods of governing the country and burned the works of various factions in an attempt to confuse the audience; Destroy famous castles and kill outstanding people; Collect weapons from all over the world, concentrate them in Xianyang, the capital, melt these knives and arrows, and use them to cast twelve bronze men, weakening the people all over the world.

Then take Huashan as the city wall, the Yellow River as the moat, the towering Huashan as the solid barrier, and the unfathomable Yellow River as the solid barrier. Excellent generals, strong crossbows, put it in dangerous places; Loyal ministers and lean men have planted sharp weapons. Who dares to do anything to him? The world has been decided. Qin Shihuang thought that Hangu Pass was so strong, just like an iron wall thousands of miles away. Children and grandchildren claimed to be kings, which was an immortal inheritance. After the death of Qin Shihuang, the prestige left behind still shocked remote places.

However, Chen She was a child of a poor family. He used a broken urn as a window and tied it to the door shaft with a rope. He is a slave who tills the fields, and he is a man who has been transferred to Yuyang to guard the border. His talent is not comparable to that of ordinary people, without the talent and virtue of Confucius and Mozi, and without the wealth of Tao Zhu and Yidun. Born in the army, he suddenly rose up in the field, led tired and sleepy foot soldiers, led hundreds of people, and turned around to attack Qin; They cut down trees as weapons, hold high bamboo poles as flags, and the people in the world gather like clouds, echoing like echoes, carrying food with them.

Heroes east of Yaoshan acted together and overthrew the rule of the Qin Dynasty. To say that the ruling power of the Qin Dynasty did not shrink and weaken at this time. The land of Yongzhou, the food mountain and the Hangu Pass are as dangerous as before. Chen She's position is not as noble as that of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhongshan Wang. Agricultural tools, sticks and the like are not sharper than harpoons; The garrison soldiers recruited to guard the frontier fortress are no better than the troops of the nine countries, and their foresight and marching strategy are not as good as those of their former advisers.

However, there is a difference between success and failure, and the reasons for merit are just the opposite. Try to compare the length and size of countries east of Yaoshan with that of Chen She, and compare their power and strength, which is even less comparable. However, it has been more than one hundred years since Qin proclaimed himself emperor, ruled over eight countries and made the six countries worship on an equal footing. Then take the world as home and the Hanguguan in Yaoshan as the inner palace; But when one person started an uprising, the emperor's inheritance was destroyed, and the emperor died in the hands of others and was laughed at by the whole world. Why? It is because benevolence and righteousness have not been implemented that the situation of capturing and defending the world is different.

Extended data

Jia Yi, a native of Luoyang, Han nationality, was a famous political commentator and writer in the early Western Han Dynasty. Jia Yi is a rare talent. At the age of eighteen, he was considered a good writer in the county. Wendi was a doctor at that time, and later moved to be a doctor in Taizhong. He was pushed out by ministers Zhou Bo and Guan Ying and was promoted to be the teacher of King Changsha, so later generations also called Jia Changsha and Jia Taifu. Three years later, he was recalled to Chang 'an to be the teacher of Liang Huaiwang. Liang fell off his horse and died. Jia Yi was deeply sorry and died of depression at the age of 33. Sima Qian sympathized with both Qu Yuan and Jia Yi, and wrote a joint biography for them, so later generations often referred to Jia Yi and Qu Yuan as "Qu Jia".

Jia Yi's works are mainly prose and ci-fu, which are deeply influenced by Zhuangzi and Liezi. The main literary achievements of prose are political essays, commenting on current politics, simple style and vivid discussion. Lu Xun called it "Hong Wen of the Western Han Dynasty", and his masterpieces include On Qin, On Accumulation and Storage, and Chen Zheng's Poems. His Ci and Fu are both in Sao style, and tend to be scattered in form, which is the forerunner of the development of Han Fu, especially Qu Yuan Fu and Fei niao Fu.

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Confucian scholars Lu Jia and Shu put forward the idea of governing the country with Confucianism on the basis of summing up the lessons of Qin's death, but they did not put it into political practice. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Jia Yi broke through the shackles of Taoism and the study of Huang Lao when Wendi was in power, pushed Confucianism to the political front, and formulated a political blueprint of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom, which was valued by Wendi and left a far-reaching influence in history.

Jia Yi believes that Qin's death lies in "benevolence and righteousness are not applied". To make the Han dynasty long-term stability, we must be benevolent. At the same time, Jia Yi's view of benevolence and righteousness has a strong people-oriented color. Jia Yi saw the vital role played by the people in the rise and fall of the country from the prosperity and demise of Qin State. Based on this people-oriented thought, Jia Yi believes that the main content of benevolent government is to love the people. "Those who love the people will be attached." Only by benefiting the people and making money with the people can we get the support of the people. The basic content of Jia Yi's political thought is the benevolent political thought of loving the people.

While studying history, Jia Yi also made a detailed study of the social reality of the Han Dynasty. Jia Yi believes that the situation at that time was that various contradictions and upcoming social crises were hidden behind the seemingly calm scene: peasant riots occurred from time to time; The warlord's usurpation of the upper level and rebellion against the separatist regime pose a serious threat to the central government; The whole society is extravagant and contending for the wind, and the social atmosphere is deteriorating.

Therefore, in Jia Yi's view, in the face of such a social reality that there is no system in the world, courtesy and righteousness are abandoned, and shame and ugliness are donated, we can't follow the technique of Huang Lao. We must correct the new moon, change the color of clothes, set the official name, and promote rites and music. Therefore, the ideas of "making ceremony", "respecting the humble" and "governing the country with ceremony" advocated by Shu and others have also become an important part of Jia Yi's political thought. Jia Yi put forward a Confucian-style political ruling model for the Han Dynasty through benevolence, courtesy and righteousness, showing kindness to the people, honoring the loyal monarch and loving the people.

Reference: Jia Yi-Baidu Encyclopedia