The following are the search results in Soso Encyclopedia (Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauss),1April 30, 777-1February 23, 855), born in Brunswick and died in G? ttingen, a famous German mathematician, physicist, astronomer and geometer. Gauss is regarded as the most important mathematician. She is also known as the "Prince of Mathematics". 1792, 15 years old, Degaus entered Brunswick College and began to study advanced mathematics. He independently discovered the general form of binomial theorem, the "quadratic reciprocity law" in number theory, the prime number theorem, and the average of arithmetic geometry 50. 100000000605 Gauss got a very important achievement in the history of mathematics at the age of 19, that is, the theory and method of drawing a regular 17-sided ruler. The prime number theorem Gauss discovered the prime number distribution theorem and the least square method at the age of 18. After processing enough measurement data, new probability measurement results can be obtained. On this basis, Gauss then focused on the calculation of surfaces and curves. Gaussian bell curve (normal distribution curve) was successfully obtained. Its function is named standard normal distribution (or Gaussian distribution), which is widely used in probability calculation. At the age of 19, Gauss only used a ruler to construct a polygon of 17, which provided the first important supplement to Euclidean geometry that has been circulating for 2000 years since ancient Greece. Gauss summed up the application of complex numbers. It is strictly proved that every n-order algebraic equation must have n real solutions or complex solutions. In his first masterpiece, Arithmetic Research, he proved the law of quadratic reciprocity, which became an important basis for the continued development of number theory. The first chapter of this book deduces the concept of triangle congruence theorem. Based on the least square method, Gaussian adjustment theory is used to measure the trajectory of celestial bodies. In this way, the trajectory of the asteroid Ceres is calculated. Ceres was discovered by Italian astronomer Piazi in 180 1, but he delayed his observation due to illness, thus losing the trajectory of this asteroid. Piazi was named after the Greek goddess Ceres and published his previous observation data. I hope astronomers all over the world will look for it together. Through the previous three observation data, the orbit of Ceres is calculated. Austrian astronomer Heinrich Olbers successfully discovered Ceres according to the orbit calculated by Gauss. Gauss published this method in his book Theory of Celestial Motion. In order to know the date of Easter every year, Gauss deduced the formula for calculating the date of Easter. During the period from 18 18 to 1826, Gauss dominated the geodetic work in the Principality of Hanover. The measurement adjustment method based on least square method and the method of solving linear equations have significantly improved the measurement accuracy. Gauss personally participated in the field investigation. He observes during the day. Night calculation. In five or six years, he personally calculated 1 10,000 pieces of geodetic data. When the field observation of triangulation led by Gauss was on the right track, Gauss shifted his main energy to the calculation of observation results and wrote nearly 20 papers of great significance to modern geodesy. In these papers, he derived the formula when an ellipse is projected onto a sphere. It has been proved in detail. This theory still has application value. Geodetic survey of Hanover Principality ended on 1848. Without Gauss's careful scrutiny in theory, reasonable and accurate observation and careful data processing, this huge project in the history of geodesy could not be successfully completed. Under the underdeveloped conditions at that time, a large-scale geodetic control network was laid out. Accurately determine the geodetic coordinates of 2578 triangular points. In order to solve the problems in geodesy by using the conformal projection theory of ellipse on the sphere, Gauss also engaged in the research of surface and projection theory during this period, which became an important theoretical basis of differential geometry. He independently proposed that the parallel postulate of Euclidean geometry could not be proved to be' physical' inevitable. At least we can't give this proof by human reason. But his non-Euclidean geometry theory has not been published. Perhaps he was worried that his contemporaries could not understand this extraordinary theory. Relativity proves that the universe is actually a space with non-Euclidean geometry. Nearly 100 years later, Gauss's thought was accepted by physics. In the geodesy of Hanover Principality, Gauss tried to measure Brocken-Turing W in Harz. The correctness of non-Euclidean geometry was verified by the sum of the internal angles of the triangle formed by ald of Fort sayles and Hohenhagen of Gottingen, but it failed. Janos, son of Gauss's friend Bao Ye, proved the existence of non-Euclidean geometry in 1823. Gauss praised his spirit of bold exploration. Lobachevsky wrote an article in German, Geometry Research of Parallel Line Theory. The publication of this paper attracted Gauss's attention. He attached great importance to this argument and actively suggested that G? ttingen University hire Lobachevsky as an academician of communication. In order to read his own works directly, 63-year-old Gauss began to learn Russian this year. Finally, he mastered the foreign language. Gauss eventually became one of the founders of differential geometry (Gauss, Janos and Lobachevsky). Out of interest in practical application, Gauss invented the solar reflector, which can reflect the light beam to a place about 450 kilometers away. Later, Gauss improved the original design more than once, and successfully produced a mirror sextant widely used in geodesy. In 5438+1930s, Gauss invented the magnetometer. He quit his job at the observatory to study physics. He cooperated with Weber (1804- 189 1) in the field of electromagnetism. He is 27 years older than Webb and works with him as a teacher and friend. 2008+0833 passed the acceptance. He sent a telegram to Webber. This is not only the first telephone and telegraph system between Weber Laboratory and Observatory, but also the first telephone and telegraph system in the world. Although the line is only 8 kilometers long. 1840, he and Weber drew the world's first map of the earth's magnetic field, and determined the positions of the earth's magnetic south pole and magnetic north pole. The following year, American scientists confirmed these views. Gauss has studied in several fields. However, he only published theories that he thought were mature. He often told his colleagues that his conclusion had been proved by himself before, but it was not published because the basic theory was incomplete. Critics say he did it because he likes to steal the limelight. In fact, Gauss recorded all his research results. After his death, 20 notes recording his research results and thoughts were found, which proved that what Gauss said was true. Twenty notes are not all the notes of Gauss. Libraries in Lower Saxony and the University of G? ttingen have digitized all Gauss's works. And put it online. Gauss's portrait is printed on 1989 to 200 1 circulating 10 yuan Deutsche Mark banknotes. Edit this passage | Back to the Top Works 1799: Doctoral Thesis on Basic Algebra Theorem (Doctoral Thesis on Basic Algebra of Satz Del by Doktor Abbei) 180 1 year: arithmeticae. 1809: Theory of Celestial Motion (Orion Motus corporate theory in the part of ibus conics solem ambientium)1827: General research on surfaces (general problems about curved surfaces) 1843- 1844: Advanced geodetic theory (I