City Square is a multifunctional space in urban road traffic system. It is the center of people's political and cultural activities and the most concentrated place of public buildings.
The design of city square is the concentrated expression of city life style, social and cultural connotation and city spirit, and it is an important factor that constitutes city space. The design of city square is not a simple architectural space, it has a living soul, and its users have a two-way interactive relationship with people. The design of city square embodies people's behavioral psychology and spiritual quality. Therefore, the humanization of city square design came into being, which is people-centered, embodies a humanistic concept and takes people's spiritual and material needs as the fundamental starting point. On the basis of following this principle, starting from people's psychological and material needs and behavioral characteristics, a comfortable, humanized and natural design road of urban square space environment square is constructed from three aspects: spatial scale, spatial level and spatial sequence.
The design of city squares should generally follow the following principles.
1. People-oriented principle in city square design
Whether a settlement is suitable or not mainly refers to whether the public space and urban texture at that time are consistent with the behavior habits of its residents, that is, whether it is consistent with the activities and forms of citizens in the behavior space and behavior track. The personal feeling of "fit" is "easy to use", which means that it is handy, full and comfortable to use. Square design should fully reflect the concern for "people" Classical squares generally have no green space, mainly hard floors or buildings; The square has been designed with a large area of green space. Through ingenious facilities configuration, transportation and vertical organization, the "accessibility" and "reservation" of the square have been realized, and the spirit of the square as a public center "place" has been strengthened. The planning and design of modern square takes "people" as the main body, which embodies "humanization" and is closer to people's lives.
For example, there should be enough paved hard ground for people to move, and there should be benches, drinking fountains, public toilets, telephone booths, kiosks and other service facilities in the square. The sketches, greening and objects in the square should be centered on "people", always embody the purpose of "serving the people" and conform to the human scale everywhere.
2. The principle of local characteristics of city square design.
The local features of city squares include natural features and social features.
First of all, the design of city square should highlight its local social characteristics, that is, humanistic characteristics and historical characteristics. Square design should inherit the local historical context of the city, adapt to local customs and folk culture, highlight the artistic characteristics of local buildings, help to carry out folk activities with local characteristics, avoid the feeling of deja vu, and enhance the cohesion of the square and the attraction of urban tourism.
Secondly, the design of the square should also highlight its local natural characteristics, that is, to adapt to the local topography and climate. The city square should strengthen the regional characteristics, adopt architectural artistic techniques and building materials with local characteristics as far as possible, reflect the local landscape characteristics and adapt to the local climate conditions. For example, the North Square emphasizes sunshine and the South Square emphasizes shading. Some experts advocate building a "big tree square" in the south, which is a vivid example.
3. The principle of giving consideration to the design benefits of city squares.
The function of city square comes from comprehensiveness and diversity, and the significance of comprehensive utilization of urban space and comprehensive solution of environmental problems in modern city square is increasingly apparent. Therefore, the design of city squares should not only have innovative ideas and methods, but also embody the concept of "life first, ecology first" and the coordinated development of society and environment.
First of all, the square is designed as one of the two most valuable open spaces in the city (namely, the square and the park). Square is an important building, space and hub in the city. It is the center of citizens' social life and plays the role of "living room" for local citizens and "living room" for foreign tourists. The square is designed as the most public, artistic and attractive open space in the city, which can best reflect the charm of modern urban civilization. Cities should give priority to the development right of this open space with high development value.
Secondly, the planning and construction of city square is a systematic project, involving architectural space form, three-dimensional environmental facilities, landscaping layout and many other aspects. In the planning and design of city squares, we should always keep in mind and embody the principle of paying equal attention to economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits, and we should not ignore the principle of paying equal attention to current interests and long-term interests, local interests and overall interests. If you are partial to one thing, you often lose sight of it. For example, the unreasonable planning of the railway station square in a city has caused traffic congestion, poor drainage, muddy ground in rainy days, gloomy sky in sunny days and serious environmental pollution. Citizens complain and tourists are discouraged, which has greatly damaged the image of the city.
Third, the planning and design of city squares should overcome several misunderstandings: First, it is considered that land is a shortcut to return the construction of city roads and squares. Second, the bigger the square, the better. The third is to let developers lead by the nose. Developers value the benefits of building houses and selling facades; The government should focus on increasing green space, building squares and parks, and improving tourism, shopping, leisure and living environment.
4. The design of the city square highlights the theme principle.
No matter how big or small a city square is, its function and theme should be defined first. This can also be described as an "outline". Around the main function, the planning and design of the square will not deviate from the theme, and there will be a "track" to follow, and only in this way can it form its characteristics, cohesion and external attraction. Whether it is a traffic square, a commercial square, or a large-scale comprehensive square that integrates commemoration, symbolism and mass, we must have an accurate positioning. In the planning and design of the city square, we should strive to highlight the three functions of the city square in shaping the city image, meeting people's needs for multi-level activities and improving the urban environment (including urban spatial environment and urban ecological environment). And to reflect the characteristics of the times as the main theme, the overall consideration of the layout planning of the square.