Punctuation has rich interpersonal meaning. With the help of punctuation marks, literary works can effectively express interpersonal functions such as mood, modality and intention, attitude and emotion, thus producing writing.
Learn to be vague and enrich the literary effect.
Keywords punctuation; Interpersonal meaning; Literary fuzziness; translate
First of all, about interpersonal meaning
Russian linguist Bakhtin (1984:103) [1] believes that "meaning does not exist in words,
Nor does it exist in the soul of the speaker or audience. It means that the speaker and the listener ... enter.
The result of interaction. "His theory aroused great enthusiasm in the field of linguistics to study interpersonal meaning.
The interpersonal meaning discussed in functional linguistics refers to the communication, establishment and relationship between language and others.
Maintain interpersonal relationships, use language to influence others' behavior and change the world. It analyzes the language of clauses.
Qi, modality, evaluation and negotiation.
Second, the role of punctuation marks.
Chinese punctuation is a general term for labels and points, and it is a special part of writing system.
It is a symbol system that marks the written language. The pause in people's daily speech, the tone of speech,
Intonation, speed of sound, strength, discontinuity, etc. You can only use various punctuation marks in written language.
Express it. Written language, especially literary language, is more refined and standardized than spoken language and punctuation.
The use of symbols is one of the important means.
Quirk and others divide all English punctuation into two functions: separation function.
(separation) and specification (quirk et al. 1972: 1054) [2]. Ming Xu
(200 1)[3] further points out the third function of English punctuation, the substitution function.
(replacement)
If we discuss the function of punctuation in discourse from the perspective of functional grammar, we can also give
We brought a lot of inspiration. For example, punctuation marks can organize words, pause expression and divide levels.
The textual function of Ji (Plateau, Liu Runqing, 2002)[4].
In fact, in written language, punctuation can effectively enhance discourse interaction and contain rich characters.
International significance.
Thirdly, the interpersonal meaning of punctuation marks.
1. Expressing mood Hu Zhuanglin thinks that Chinese mainly uses modal particles to express mood. Zaishu
In facial language, we can also use punctuation to express emotions effectively.
Don't miss this patriotic opportunity!
(2) Mother is an "ordinary" person, and she is just one of the millions of working people in China.
Member, but it is these thousands of people created and created the history of China.
(3) I admit that I live a miserable life!
At the end of the sentence (1), an exclamation point and two question marks are used to indicate the tone of "sigh+strength".
This question. "The quotation marks in Example (2) indicate the objects that need to be discussed emphatically and express the language of emphasis.
Qi is used to praise the greatness revealed in the mother's ordinary life. An exclamation point is added to the dash in example (3).
No, express the speaker's hesitation and reluctance.
In English, punctuation has a similar function.
(4) Do women "suffer" at home?
Anne became the first (and last) woman to be elected to the British Parliament.
Board of directors.
(6) The author of this strange book was born in 1078 (? ) and died in
1 135.
Example (4) is a statement of word order, but the quotation marks and question marks in the sentence express the author's doubts.
This is a questioning tone. Parentheses in Example (5) play the role of adding and emphasizing meaning. In the embodiment (6)
The question mark also expresses the author's uncertain attitude.
2. In order to express modality and meaning, punctuation marks are also used to express statements in addition to expressing a certain tone.
The speaker's judgment on the success and effectiveness of his own ideas, or in order.
The obligations assumed by the other party, or the personal wishes to be expressed in the proposal. Sometimes, semicolons and dashes
This function can be realized. Compare the following two cases:
I like this book, but I hate this movie.
I like this book; But I hate this movie.
The previous sentence is separated by commas, indicating that the author's judgment on the validity of the two propositions is
Equality. In the latter sentence, the semicolon indicates a long pause time, so in the latter sentence,
Rong is more prominent, reflecting a more positive attitude towards his "aversion to movies"
Look at the following two examples:
She is very excited-like a child.
(10) There are three kinds of book owners. The first to have all th
Standard collections and bestsellers-unread, untouched.
In example (9), the use of "dashes" has the function of highlighting information and conveying works to readers.
The author's attitude towards the proposition is completely positive, that is, "she is really as excited as a child." Example (10)
"Unread, untouched" after the dash can attract more readers' attention. Therefore,
The author takes more responsibility for this evaluation. Obviously, he will definitely make such a judgment.
Yes
(1 1) You have mastered enough facts-the ones you made up.
The dash in this sentence plays a turning role, and the content behind it coincides with the reader's period.
On the contrary. Obviously, the author doubts the previous statement through dashes, and the implication is that
Yes, these facts are just fabricated lies.
3. Although the expression of attitudes and emotions is general and rough, through punctuation, readers still
You can feel the feelings and expressions between the lines. Such as "You're back!" List of exclamation points at the back
Express strong feelings of surprise, joy, etc. And "You're back?" After the question mark, it is mostly to express doubt or
Confused or even dissatisfied. "You come back? ! "In Chinese, the use of question marks and exclamation marks is a table.
To achieve the speaker's complex attitude and emotions.
Another example is as follows:
(12) "..." The tree was startled.
"!" The tree was heartbroken.
"?" Shu Gao was surprised.
"! !" The rapid breathing of trees.
Here, Shu Gao's answers are all replaced by punctuation marks. The tree doesn't seem to say anything, but in fact,
Infinite capacity. Four punctuation marks, which contain richer meaning potential than words, can vividly
Communicate the speaker's various emotional factors.
In English, besides exclamation marks and question marks, excitement, sadness, surprise and doubt can be directly expressed.
Confusion and other emotions, quotation marks sometimes add a lot of implied interpersonal meaning to vocabulary. For example:
(13) Such "smart people" are really rare.
Obviously, the "wise man" in the previous sentence is quoted, which means it is exactly the same as when it was not quoted.
The meaning of opposition reflects the feelings that the speaker doesn't like but doesn't like.
In English, quotation marks can sometimes mean "irony". For example:
It takes courage to ask "stupid" questions
Knowledge and patience of questioners and respondents.
Obviously, "stupid" here does not really mean "stupid", but "bold and deep"
The meaning of "carving".
4. Literary Fuzziness and Interpersonal Meaning "Literary works are through aesthetic language, that is, images."
Emotion, plot, etc ... This forms the fuzziness of literature ... It can be said that this model.
Paste is one of the essential characteristics of artistic image and character image (Liu
Complex, 1984)[5] ". Clever use of punctuation marks can also produce fuzziness in literature, thus enriching it.
Interpersonal meaning.
Let's analyze the lines in the first act of Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion. correct
The background of the speech is: the mother and daughter in luxurious clothes are waiting for the bus in the rain, and the son is eager to sell it when he calls for a car.
The flower girl stepped into the mud and left without paying. The flower girl asked her mother for money. she
The daughter began to speak.
Flower girl: Can you help me take it off? Are you willing to lose money? )
Daughter: Come on, Mom. This idea! (Mom, one.
Don't give me money. She wants to be beautiful! )
Among them, "!" There is semantic ambiguity, which puts this good girl's anger, resentment and pride.
Both gas and air are concentrated. There is no "!" These rich interpersonal meanings are complicated.
It is difficult to reflect additional language factors.
5. Interpersonal meaning of punctuation marks and translation equivalence.
Peter Newmark, a famous English translation theorist, thinks punctuation is very important, but
It is often neglected, so he suggests that the translator make an independent comparative analysis of the symbol system of the original and the translated text (continued from 17 1 page). He thinks punctuation is language.
The basic elements of discourse analysis, because they reveal the semantic relationship between sentences.
Wang Jun (200 1)[6] took "three beautiful girls" as the Chinese translation of Miss America.
The reference book Sisters compares the similarities and differences of punctuation marks in the source language and the target language. He discovered "Beauty III"
"?" It appeared 10 times in Girl, "!" 13 times, and "..." appeared 8 times. these
The use of punctuation marks helps to express the speaker's emotional color and emotional changes, and reveals the calm of the characters.
Lang character. On the one hand, the use of "……" makes the stylistic features of oral English more obvious; On the other hand,
It also shows the female characteristics of the speaker, indecisive, hesitant, reserved and shy.
In translation, the translator should take this feature into account and use exclamation marks, question marks and ellipsis.
No, it expresses the speaker's emotions and feelings and fully conveys the interpersonal meaning of the source language. Translation time
It is not necessary to copy the punctuation marks of the source language, but to give full play to the advantages of the target language and reproduce the characteristics of the source language.
[1] Bakhtin/Bai Chunren et al. Text, Dialogue and People [M]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Education Press, 1998.
[2]Quirk, R. et al. 1985. English comprehensive grammar [M]
London: Longman.
[3] Xu Ming. The third function of English punctuation [J]. Foreign language teaching and research, 200 1, (5).
[4] Plateau, Liu Runqing. Cohesive punctuation [J]. Journal of PLA International Studies University, 2002, (4).
[5] Liu Fu. On the fuzziness and clarity of characters [J]. China Social Sciences, 1984, (6).
[6] Wang Jun. Translation of Comparative Literature [A]. Selected from Feng Qinghua. On style translation [M]. Shanghai: Foreign Language Education in Shanghai.
Press, 200 1.