The first step-random review. Random review is to evoke memories in your mind, sort them out, and form initial ideas.
Step 2-Search for literature and/or actual investigation. According to the needs of the topic, you can find the factual basis and theoretical basis in the existing literature. For those who collect information for the first time, they can find the desired documents in the following order.
The third step-analysis and sorting. Get rid of the rough and keep the essence, get rid of the false and keep the true.
The fourth step-review and summary.
This paper mainly introduces the specific steps and methods of searching documents in the second step.
First, select the retrieval tool.
After determining what to look for, we should consider what the retrieval means are and what tools to choose. Search tools are classified according to their contents, including contents, indexes and abstracts. The catalogue includes whole books, periodicals, data, etc. As a reporting unit, it disclosed its name, editing work, collection place and other information, and some also briefly introduced the content. Catalogue can be divided into national catalogue, collection catalogue and joint catalogue. Index refers to the index of articles, which mainly reveals the titles, authors and sources of various papers, articles and reports contained in various publications such as books and periodicals, and generally has no brief introduction or abstract. It reports the titles, editors' works, sources and abstracts of various documents, and has two functions of retrieving documents and storing information. The main purpose of the index is to provide literature clues, that is, what literature has been published by predecessors on a certain topic, and to find specific literature materials through the catalogue.
? Second, determine the retrieval way.
The type of retrieval channel is the title channel, which is arranged by title and paper title; Author channels, arranged by author name; Serial number method, according to the unique serial number of the document, such as patent number, contract number and report number; Classification method, according to the contents and characteristics of books, periodicals and articles, according to scientific theory; Key words are arranged according to the subject content and some characteristics of literature, such as research objects, methods to deal with research objects, research and experimental equipment, etc.
Third, choose the retrieval method.
The first method is retrospective search. According to the bibliography attached at the end of an article you have read and the source indicated above, you can trace these documents one by one. The second is the direct retrieval method, that is, directly using retrieval tools to find documents in a certain time order, and according to needs, retrieval, reverse retrieval, spot check and circular retrieval can be carried out.
? After finding relevant literature, how to read and possess literature information? There are five ways to read literature: first read China literature, then read foreign literature; Look at the comprehensive literature first, and then look at the special literature; Look at the recent literature first, and then look at the old literature; Read the abstract first, then the full text; Read rough before intensive reading.
You can use cards to own documents. Its advantages are small space, precision, convenience and flexibility. It can be randomly arranged and extracted, and can be made into paper cards and electronic document cards. The card contains three basic contents: title, author and source. Four kinds: index card, which only records the title, author and source of the literature; Extract the card, extract the wonderful original text of the document, and indicate the source; Card, briefly summarize the main contents of the document in the national language, and also indicate the source; Special cards, make complete sets of cards as needed to record the contents of different documents.