1 drilling construction principle
Comprehensive geological drilling in coal fields must have strict construction organization and unified and coordinated command, and strictly master and implement various construction principles and sequences in order to achieve the purpose of economic and reasonable comprehensive drilling technology. The construction strictly follows the following principles: (1) First, the foundation project is constructed, and then the encryption project is constructed; 1-2km seismic network, which controls the overall structural form of the whole area; 500- 1O00m seismic network combined with 1-2km drilling area control determined the initial mining area, which can be used as the basis for preliminary design. (2) sparse before dense, step by step. This is the construction principle stipulated in the specification. In the process of design and construction, each exploration project is divided into several stages according to this principle. After each stage of the project, it is necessary to submit corresponding intermediate materials to optimize and adjust the later projects, so as to promote the completion of the whole project as a whole. (3) Drilling shall be carried out on the seismic survey line. So that each drilling hole can give full play to the multi-purpose function of one hole. When the construction cannot be carried out due to the influence of the ground, the position of the moving hole needs to be re-studied and determined by the project team.
2 strengthen the construction quality management system
In coalfield geological drilling, we strictly follow the Rules for Coalfield Geological Drilling, Quality Standards for Coal Exploration and Drilling Engineering, Rules for Coalfield Geophysical Logging, Rules for Pumping Test of Coal Resource Geological Exploration and Code for Coal Resource Geological Exploration promulgated by the State Mineral Reserves Committee. The specific method is: after the drilling design is issued by the technical party, it must be signed by the owner, design department, construction party and supervisor before the design can take effect. Notice of commencement must be filled in, and the owner, supervisor, technical party and construction party shall check and accept the drilling facilities, mechanical equipment, material supply and site facilities, and sign the notice of commencement. Put an end to the phenomenon of hard construction without starting conditions, and avoid the disadvantages of poor quality in the early stage of the project.
3 Cleaning quality control
(1) Loose and broken formation: Because this formation is mainly drilled with large-diameter drilling tools, the overflow section of flushing fluid is increased, the resistance of fluid flow and the pressure excitation of flushing fluid are reduced, resulting in the destruction of the hole wall; At the same time, high-quality low-solid washing liquid is used to protect the hole wall, and the indexes of washing liquid are controlled in the following ranges: viscosity 18-25 S, specific gravity 1.05- 1. 15, and the water loss is less than 15 ml every 30min. Water-sensitive formation with mud thickness less than 1 mm (2): This kind of formation mainly uses drilling flushing fluid. Therefore, it is very important to control the leakage of drilling fluid, enhance the strength of polymer network structure "plastic film" formed by mud skin or flushing fluid on the hole wall, reduce the content of free water in flushing fluid, reduce the osmotic hydration of filtrate to rocks and improve the cementation of filtrate to rocks. The properties of the flushing fluid are: water loss is less than 10mL, and mud skin thickness is less than 10 inn. (3) Seepage and water gushing stratum: This kind of stratum is the most difficult in coalfield construction. According to the rock structure and long-term construction experience, the leakage of coal measures strata is mostly caused by fissure leakage, aquifer leakage and loose broken pores. At present, cemented plugging method is more suitable for the stratum with small water inflow. The main formula is to add PHP with a mass fraction of 50X 10 to the thick mud, and then add inert substances to stir evenly, which can gradually seal the lost passage with drilling.
4. Quality control of digging holes
(1) Before digging a hole, the cuttings in the well should be washed clean to ensure smooth drilling. (2) Before running the hydraulic pipe cutter, the operation test must be carried out at the wellhead. At the same time, the pressure of the water pump should be recorded, and the maximum pressure value when the cutter body is driven to a lower position should be recorded. Pay attention to whether the tool switch is flexible and whether the diameter after opening meets the design requirements. (3) When tripping in, be steady and slow to prevent the tool from touching the casing or damaging the blade. Once blocked, lift the drilling tool, rotate it manually, and then try to lower it. Continue to trip in after it is smooth, or trip out. (4) After the tool is lowered into the cut section, slowly start and start the pump, and gradually increase the flow into the hole, and observe whether the pressure of the mud pump reaches the design value and the torque when it starts to rotate. If the torque is large, reduce the displacement of the pump, which can reduce the diameter of the cutter body and reduce the rotary resistance. (5) When milling the FRP casing, first lower the drilling tool to the design position, and then start the machine to rotate slowly. When the pump quantity is gradually adjusted to the maximum value of the cutter body, the pressure drilling and milling operation can be carried out. (7) Every cut of 0.5 m, the footage should be slowed down or stopped. After drilling leakage, materials such as straw and sawdust are pressed into the bottom of the hole, and then the drilling tool is lifted off the bottom of the hole to adjust the mud performance. Finally, start drilling, plugging while drilling until the drilling leakage reaches a certain level, and then resume normal drilling.
5 gas drainage quality control
Natural gas is a high-quality clean energy associated with coal, and its main component is methane (CH4). Natural gas is a valuable resource. The original gas exists in the coal seam or the rock adjacent to the coal seam, and its relative density is less than that of air, so it has a certain release pressure. In the process of coal mining, it is released with the movement of coal seam, which can easily lead to gas outburst, explosion, combustion and other vicious accidents, often causing serious gas accidents, and is the enemy of coal mine safety production. The underground drilling gas drainage technology is to set up a drilling field in the underground roadway and drill holes along or through the coal seam to extract gas. At present, the main methods used in domestic coal mines are: dense long borehole drainage along the seam, grid borehole drainage across the seam, and long borehole drainage along the roof to extract gas from adjacent coal seams. The latter is aimed at the characteristics of fully mechanized or fully mechanized caving face with high gas and no coal pillar. In order to solve the problem of gas overrun, the head-on directional horizontal long borehole along the roof strata of the mining layer is used to replace the gas drainage in the upper adjacent layer. This drainage method has obvious advantages in technology and economy compared with the roof rock roadway drainage method and the shallow hole drainage method. Especially for mines with close connection between mining and excavation, its advantages are more prominent.
6 others
6. 1 geology and drilling are closely coordinated.
The application of various drilling methods is subject to the geological task of coal exploration. (1) Drilling personnel should understand the mine design and development scheme and the requirements of the design, infrastructure and production departments for geological work, and understand the characteristics, changing laws and main geological tasks to be solved of the coalfield. Therefore, research and analysis should be done well in the stage of data collection, processing and interpretation, and corresponding geological results should be put forward from various information-rich seismic time profiles. (2) The data of coal seam thickness and top boundary depth of Ordovician limestone are verified by drilling. After comprehensive analysis by geologists, the differences in verification are summarized and perfected in theory in time, which greatly improves the accuracy of seismic exploration and opens up new application fields.
6.2 Improve drilling efficiency quota
As we all know, there are many reasons that affect drilling efficiency, which are not entirely determined by drilling equipment. Therefore, the determination of drilling efficiency quota based on drilling equipment will certainly not promote the improvement of drilling efficiency. In order to improve the drilling efficiency quota, equipment, other influencing factors and management measures should be considered comprehensively. Other measures include attaching importance to the training and use of technicians, increasing scientific research, solving technical problems in production and making good technical reserves; Do a good job in transforming scientific research achievements into productive forces. We should also actively participate in the socialist market economy, give full play to the comparative advantages of coalfield geological units, and open up our own foothold in the construction of drilling extension industries-social geology, rock and soil drilling and excavation, and walk out of our own development path.
Discussion on quality management of petrochemical engineering
Abstract: With the economic development of China and the increasing demand for oil, the petrochemical construction projects in China have developed by leaps and bounds. However, petroleum engineering construction has the characteristics of relatively high investment, high applied technology, high risk and high safety requirements, and its quality requirements are much higher than those of ordinary projects. Therefore, we must pay more attention to and strengthen the project quality management in petrochemical construction projects to improve the construction quality of petrochemical construction projects.
Keywords: petroleum; Petrochemical engineering; quality management
Project quality management is an indispensable part of design and construction management, which plays an extremely important role. As we all know, petrochemical engineering is an extremely complicated process, and there are many factors that affect the quality. Design, materials, machinery, topography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, construction technology, operation methods, technical measures and management systems all directly affect the construction quality of the project. Therefore, how to better carry out the quality management and quality supervision of petrochemical engineering and ensure the engineering quality is a severe challenge.
1 Characteristics of petrochemical projects
In addition to the characteristics of general construction projects, petrochemical projects also have their own distinctive characteristics.
1. 1 has high quality requirements.
Petrochemical industry involves a wide range of disciplines, and most of the production devices after completion work under harsh conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, flammability, explosion and toxicity, which are high-risk projects. The realization process of construction projects has the characteristics of complex engineering technology, high quality requirements, difficult operation, many specialties, complex equipment varieties, strict inspection, rapid technology update, and uncontrollable factors affecting quality.
1.2 has many technical difficulties.
The technical difficulties in the implementation of petrochemical projects are mainly reflected in the installation of large units, the manufacture of large storage tanks and equipment, the configuration and debugging of large distributed control systems, the hoisting of large equipment and the welding of special materials. This requires that the construction units, design units, supervision units and general contractors involved in petrochemical project construction must have corresponding technical and management capabilities.
1.3 Others
Long construction period, large seasonal span, underground operation, and poor ability to resist natural climate change in the operation area; Large amount of materials, many varieties and specifications, limited on-site storage and frequent batch inspection; There are many types of work in the service layer, the construction process is interchanged in sections, and the main types of work are repeated and progressive; Traditional construction technology and modern construction technology coexist, and the norms and standards are specific and clear; The use of funds is large and the turnover period is long.
2 the meaning of project construction quality management
Quality management is a quality term in ISO 9000-2000 quality management system standard adopted by GB/T 19000, which refers to a series of work to establish and implement quality policy and evaluate and improve its work effect. Quality management is a systematic project, involving all fields of various industries and departments, including product quality, engineering quality, service quality and construction quality, which runs through the whole production and operation work. As far as petrochemical engineering industry is concerned, quality management is mainly aimed at construction quality, and its quality management level directly affects the benefit and development of petrochemical industry. Quality management is not only the basic guarantee for enterprises to maintain normal production order, but also an indispensable work in petrochemical engineering construction activities, which occupies an important position in enterprise management and is irreplaceable.
3 Discussion on quality management innovation of petrochemical engineering
3. 1 Strengthening the concept of project quality management
The key to implementing project quality management is the change of concept, which should run through the whole process of practice. Only when the project personnel establish the working concept of "meeting the needs of the owners as the criterion, pursuing the best construction as the purpose and maximizing the overall benefit" can the petrochemical engineering company achieve the success of project quality management. In order to strengthen the concept of project quality management, we can do the following work well: First, take the changes of bidding documents, original project data and owner's demand as the fundamental basis of project design management, and take providing quality service to owners as the only goal of project management. Second, the project personnel should give full play to their intelligence and put forward many schemes and constructive opinions or suggestions for the owners. Third, adhere to the use of advanced and applicable technologies, persistently pursue the Excellence of engineering design, and achieve the best combination of quality and efficiency. Fourthly, positive contingency awareness, sensitive open thinking, quick response ability and belief in accepting challenges run through the whole process of engineering design project management.
3.2 The establishment of quality target responsibility system
Enterprises must establish different levels of quality assurance system, highlight the veto power of quality, and reward and punish severely, so that the vital interests of employees, the rise and fall of enterprises and the quality of products are closely linked. The system consists of quality inspection and process management. Quality inspection includes inspection of raw materials, semi-finished products and equipment. Process management is mainly to establish quality management points, digest process documents, strictly abide by process regulations, conduct process analysis, and manage major elements such as people, machines, materials, law and environment. In the operation of the quality assurance system, the quality target responsibility system should be emphasized, so that all personnel involved in the construction have the responsibility of quality assurance, and any quality work is managed by special personnel. In strict accordance with the system of self-inspection, mutual inspection and full-time inspection, each construction process is inspected and monitored with high standards and high quality.
3.3 Actively adopt science and technology
Implementing quality management in an all-round way and striving to improve the level of construction technology are important conditions for creating high-quality projects. Construction quality control is closely related to technical factors, including equipment, information and inspection technology, in addition to the technical quality of personnel. Science and technology are the primary productive forces, which are reflected in the whole process of construction and production activities, and the role of technological progress is ultimately reflected in product quality. In order to ensure the engineering quality, we should pay attention to the advancement and applicability of new technologies and new processes. In the whole process of construction, it is necessary to establish the technological process, quality standards and operating procedures that meet the technical requirements, establish a strict assessment system, and constantly improve and improve the construction technology and technical level to ensure the engineering quality.
3.4 Improve the monitoring system of quality management
Quality system is the organizational structure, procedures, processes and resources needed to achieve quality assurance. The quality system established by enterprises according to IS09000 standard should cover the whole process of project quality formation and operate effectively. Enterprises should first pay attention to improving the quality awareness of top leaders at all levels, give full play to the important role of chief engineer and technical director, establish a supervision system with the manager as the first responsibility, the chief engineer in full charge, and the quality and technical management departments and quality supervision departments at all levels to participate together, and train a group of experts in internal audit, management and supervision. Secondly, the project management organization should be familiar with the design documents, equip corresponding personnel according to the characteristics of the project, the construction difficulty and the work requirements of the owner, clarify the work responsibilities, improve the monitoring system of the project management organization, formulate operational and guiding management plans and implementation rules, formulate monitoring work systems, work procedures and measures, and equip the testing equipment required by the project to prepare for the development of management work. The third is to adhere to the "three inspection system" and the hidden acceptance system, and each division and sub-project is evaluated in strict accordance with the national engineering quality inspection and evaluation standards. Make everything, every place, every time and everyone on the construction site strictly follow the quality management system, norms and procedures, and ensure that the quality system covers the whole process from the project start to the completion acceptance, thus ensuring the realization of the project quality objectives.
2.5 Implementation of Engineering Division
Almost all petrochemical projects are huge systematic projects, which are characterized by huge investment, complete specialties, complex processes and automatic control. There is no science and engineering department. In management, it is inevitable to pay attention to one thing and lose another. On the contrary, if the project is clearly divided, it can be managed separately and reasonably, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort. For example, divide a single project into several unit projects. There is a special person in charge of management, and then find out the relationship between these unit projects, arrange the start order and completion date of each unit project, and connect these unit projects to basically form an overall network plan. In the construction stage, managers can easily point out the key work of which unit project and which process in different periods, and always highlight the key points of work. Even if the project construction can't go smoothly, we can clearly see where the problem lies and who is responsible. It is convenient to distinguish responsibilities and implement rectification. Similarly, a clear division of projects is also conducive to quality control and cost control.
In a word, the quality management of petrochemical engineering is a systematic project, which is difficult because of its long production cycle and many factors affecting the natural environment. In order to ensure the engineering quality, we must standardize the quality management of petrochemical engineering, sum up the operation experience, and constantly explore the way forward in engineering practice. . . The lubricating oil temperature signal, oil level signal and oil flow signal of<2> gearbox are all input signals of the control system. The control computer triggers different control programs according to different signals, and the control programs drive related executive components to perform related operations, thus ensuring the gearbox to work in a good state. In practical work, it was found that the forced lubrication pipeline from the distributor to each bearing was blocked, which led to the burning of the bearing. The reason may be that the oil is too dirty or the filter element is damaged, and dirt enters the lubricating pipe. Suggestion: qualified oil filter should be added to gearbox oil; Check the filter element regularly to prevent the bearing from burning due to dirt blocking the oil circuit after the filter element is damaged.
The role of gearbox of wind turbine in the transmission system is to convert the low-speed mechanical energy obtained by the wind wheel into high-speed mechanical energy with equal power. The gearbox is the central component of load and speed matching in the transmission system. Therefore, the running state and technical parameters of gearbox directly affect the technical state of the whole unit. It is precisely because of the technical functional characteristics of gearbox that the gearbox in the transmission system of wind turbine is generally designed with corresponding monitoring facilities. The control system can monitor the bearing temperature, lubricating oil temperature, oil pressure and lubricating oil level in real time, and is equipped with lubricating oil heating and cooling devices according to different environmental conditions. The control system can automatically start the cooling device and heating device according to the temperature of lubricating oil, so that the gearbox can work in the best state as much as possible.
1. gearbox monitoring system
Gear box monitoring system is mainly composed of lubricating oil temperature sensor, lubricating system oil flow sensor, pressure gauge, lubricating oil level sensor, radiator, heater and other facilities. The structural principle of the system is shown in the figure:
2. The relationship between gearbox monitoring system and main control system.
The temperature sensor sends the temperature of lubricating oil in the tank to the control computer in the form of analog voltage signal. The control computer first processes the lubricating oil temperature signal and the ambient temperature signal to form a digital control signal. According to different control signals, the computer will trigger different control logic, and the control logic will output corresponding control signals to drive relays or send out alarm signals. The state of the relay determines the opening and closing of the corresponding contactor, and the state of the contactor directly controls the actions of the corresponding actuator, such as the start and stop of the cooling fan, the on and off of the heating resistor, and the automatic shutdown.
The oil level sensor sends out a switch signal according to the oil level of the lubricating oil. After the switch signal is input into the computer, the corresponding logic module is triggered, and the judgment logic sends out an alarm signal according to the signal state to control the automatic shutdown or normal operation of the unit.
The oil flow sensor also sends out a switch signal. After the switch signal is input into the computer, the corresponding logic module is triggered, and the judgment logic sends out an alarm signal according to the state of the signal to control the automatic shutdown or normal operation of the unit.
3. Identification of operating technical state of gearbox monitoring system
Taking the gearbox monitoring system of a 660kW wind turbine as an example, the lubrication system of gearbox adopts active lubrication, and the gear belongs to mixed lubrication combining splash lubrication and spray lubrication, and the bearing belongs to compulsory lubrication. The lubrication system consists of gear pump, cooling fan, filter and oil flow sensor, which is used to detect the oil flow state of the lubrication system. Under normal working conditions, the sensor will send a signal to the control computer to indicate that the lubrication system is working normally. If the pressure of the lubrication system is reduced to a certain value due to filter blockage or insufficient oil flow, the pressure sensor will immediately interrupt the signal sent to the central computer, and the control computer will immediately send an alarm signal and stop the operation of the unit after detecting the signal interruption. The filter is another functional component in the oil system. Under normal working conditions, the oil flow enters the outer cavity of the filter element through the oil inlet, and enters the oil outlet of the inner cavity of the filter element after being filtered by the filter screen. In order to ensure the flow of lubricating oil under various conditions, a bypass valve is set in the filter. The purpose is to open the bypass valve when the filter screen is blocked or the viscosity of lubricating oil increases due to the low air temperature, and a part of lubricating oil will directly reach the oil outlet through the bypass valve to ensure that the lubricating system has enough oil supply. In addition, a limit switch is designed on the filter. When the pressure difference between the oil circuit and the inner cavity of the filter element exceeds a certain limit, the limit switch is turned on, indicating that the filter screen is too dirty or the viscosity of lubricating oil is too high.
Temperature control is another important part of gearbox operation state control. Taking the gearbox system of a 660kW wind turbine as an example, the control system monitors the lubricating oil temperature of the gearbox in real time. The temperature control system consists of a temperature sensor, a heat sink and a heating device. The control system continuously reads the temperature signal sent by the gearbox temperature sensor. If the ambient temperature is higher than 15℃ or the gear box lubricating oil temperature is higher than 60℃, the control system turns off the heating resistor and stops heating. The control principle of the cooling system is to start the radiator fan when the gearbox temperature is higher than 60℃. In this state, even if the lubricating oil temperature of the gearbox drops below 60℃, the radiator fan will continue to work for a while and then stop running. If the control system detects that the temperature of the gearbox exceeds 85℃, it will send out an alarm signal and stop the operation of the unit. In this state, it is necessary to check whether the heating system and cooling system are working normally. If the heating system and cooling system work normally, it is necessary to check the meshing state of gears and the lubrication state and vibration index of bearings.
The oil level of gearbox is one of the key factors to ensure the normal operation of gearbox. In the 660kW gearbox, besides observing the window, there is also an oil level sensor, which will send a signal to the control computer when the oil level in the gearbox is lower than the set value. The control system immediately sends out an alarm signal and stops the operation of the unit after detecting the signal.
4. Conclusion and suggestion: The lubricating oil temperature signal, oil level signal and oil flow signal of the gearbox are all input signals of the control system. The control computer triggers different control programs according to different signals, and the control programs drive related executive components to perform related operations, thus ensuring the gearbox to work in a good state. In practical work, it was found that the forced lubrication pipeline from the distributor to each bearing was blocked, which led to the burning of the bearing. The reason may be that the oil is too dirty or the filter element is damaged, and dirt enters the lubricating pipe. Suggestion: qualified oil filter should be added to gearbox oil; The inspection cycle of the filter element should be specified to prevent the bearing from burning out due to dirt blocking the oil circuit after the filter element is damaged.