At present, China's rural social security and urban social security are different. Rural social security is a social security system based on collective, family and land. As far as the whole countryside is concerned, due to the differences in local conditions and other factors, the economic development in various regions is extremely uneven, which also leads to great differences in rural social security systems. Urban social security is a relatively complete social security system centered on urban employment, with a large coverage. It can be seen that rural areas and cities have adopted two different security systems.

Through investigation, we can find the following problems in China's rural social security system.

1. 1 At present, China's rural social security system has narrow coverage, low level and low degree of socialization. Farmers who account for nearly 70% of the total population only account for 1 1% of the national social security expenditure, while urban residents who account for nearly 30% of the total population account for 89% of the national social security expenditure. Social security in most rural areas stays at the level of relief. Even social security in rural areas, which focuses on old-age care and medical care, is only implemented on a small scale, not universally.

1.2 China's rural social security management is chaotic and lacks legal protection, making it difficult for funds to maintain and increase their value. Urban social security is organized and implemented by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. Rural old-age security and social relief are managed by civil affairs departments, rural medical care is managed by local governments and collective economy, and some local commercial insurance companies also participate in rural security, forming a pattern of urban-rural division, separation of government affairs and multi-head management. The use of rural social security funds is risky and it is difficult to solve the problem of maintaining and increasing value.

1.3 The security function of land is declining day by day.

The main reason is that China has a large population and little land, and the average annual cultivated land decreases by 2,005,438+0 ~ 266,800 hm; Second, with the development of urbanization and non-agricultural industries, a large number of land has been expropriated, and more and more land will be expropriated; Third, the input of agricultural products is large and the output value is low. Farmers not only do not enjoy government subsidies, but also bear all kinds of natural risks and market risks, which increases the risk of farmers' lives; Fourth, land is collectively owned, and farmers only have the right to use it, but not ownership. Farmers can't sell land for the elderly; Fifth, the basic national conditions of large population and small land and the special system of contract responsibility system make it difficult to implement the scale management of land and restrict the guarantee function of land.

1.4 Family pension faces challenges.

The aging of rural population and the miniaturization of families have greatly weakened the function of family pension, and a large number of young rural laborers have moved to cities and towns, which has aggravated the difficulty of family pension.

2. The reasons for the lagging construction of rural social security system.

2. 1 The government's investment in rural social security funds is relatively insufficient.

First of all, in terms of capital investment, urban and rural areas are very unbalanced. Urban endowment insurance has basically achieved social co-ordination and established a fund model shared by the state, enterprises and individuals. However, in rural areas, family security is still the mainstay. Except for the reform of old-age insurance and medical insurance, other insurance projects have basically not been established.

2.2 The social security management system has not been straightened out.

As far as rural social endowment insurance is concerned, due to historical reasons and interests, insurance companies have never stopped competing with civil affairs departments, and in some places, they jointly insure rural private teachers with education departments, which will inevitably lead to the division of rural endowment insurance.

2.3 The process of population aging is accelerating, and it is more and more difficult to provide for the aged in society.

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the development of medical technology, the average life expectancy of the elderly population has increased to 70 years, and the proportion of the elderly population over 60 years old in the total population has increased from 6.08% in 1964 to 9.76% in 1995. By the end of the 20th century, the elderly population had exceeded1300,000.

2.4 Security funds are difficult to raise. Due to the large income gap between urban and rural areas, many enterprises recruit migrant workers with low wages and avoid a series of expenses such as welfare, which makes it difficult to collect security funds.

General Secretary Hu Jintao pointed out in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: "Accelerate the establishment of a social security system covering urban and rural residents and ensuring people's basic livelihood. It is necessary to speed up the improvement of the social security system based on social insurance, social assistance and social welfare, focusing on basic old-age care, basic medical care and minimum living security systems, supplemented by charity and commercial insurance. " As a big agricultural country, China has a rural population of more than 800 million. Rural social security is an extremely important part of China's social security system. Promoting rural urbanization is the process and development trend of the transformation from rural community form to urban community form, and it is the necessity of rural economic development.

3. Countermeasures to establish and improve China's rural social security system

4. 1 Vigorously develop the rural economy and strive to increase farmers' income. With the development of rural economy and the increase of farmers' income, more social security funds can be accumulated.

4.2 Establish rural social endowment insurance system, replace traditional land security with modern social security system, improve the entry mechanism of farmers' citizenization, and fundamentally solve the social security problem in rural areas.

4.3 Accelerate the transfer of rural surplus labor force

Vigorously develop small and medium-sized enterprises, broaden the employment channels of rural surplus labor force, and strive to improve the cultural quality of rural population and the level of rural human resources in order to fully meet the employment needs.

4.4 Reform the rural land circulation system

On the premise of adhering to the collective ownership of rural land, the government should ensure the dominant position of farmers, allow migrant workers to transfer their land management rights independently, effectively realize land appreciation through leasing, auction and enterprise trusteeship, so that migrant workers can get rid of the worries of land management and finally enjoy the same social security treatment as urban population.