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Technical paper on chemical safety production
The chemical industry is a multi-industry, multi-variety and long-standing industrial sector. The following is a technical paper on chemical safety production compiled by me. Thank you for reading.

Discussion on safety technology in chemical production

Abstract: Chemical industry is an industry that produces products by chemical methods. It is a multi-industry, multi-variety and long-standing industrial department. At present, the status of chemical products in the national economy is getting higher and higher. Developing chemical industry is very important for promoting industry of workers and peasants, developing national defense and improving people's life. However, the chemical industry itself is also facing the important problem of safe production. With the rapid development of chemical industry, these phenomena become more and more prominent. This paper discusses the safety technology in chemical production.

Keywords: chemical production; Security technology; survey

China Library Classification Number: C35 Document Identification Number: A

introduce

Chemical industry is the pillar industry of China's national economy. Chemical production is mainly chemical change or chemical treatment, which is characterized by high temperature and high pressure, flammability, explosion and strong corrosiveness. Therefore, it is common to know the process of chemical production.

It is very important for human life and property to explore effective measures to control risks and control the safety technology of chemical production.

First, the significance of chemical safety production

Most chemical production operations are complicated, many production materials are flammable, explosive, corrosive and toxic, and the process flow is also very complicated, which greatly increases the danger of chemical production and makes chemical production have certain security risks. Once a safety accident (such as fire and explosion) occurs in chemical enterprises, it will not only cause huge economic losses, but also often cause casualties. As far as China is concerned, chemical enterprises occupy a pillar position in the national economy and play an irreplaceable role in economic development. Therefore, chemical safety production management is a very important field. No matter from the perspective of economic benefits or social impact, doing a good job in safety production in chemical enterprises is to ensure the safety production in chemical enterprises, the personal safety of chemical workers, the stability of social order and the healthy development of the national economy.

Second, the safety technology commonly used in chemical production

Chemical process has the characteristics of many production processes and high control requirements. The production process of any chemical product includes chemical reaction, heat transfer, product separation, material transportation and other processes, and each chemical production process needs to take corresponding safety measures.

1, heating and heat transfer

Temperature is the most common control index in chemical production process, which is of great significance in chemical production process. The process of heating and heat transfer is an extremely important process in chemical production, and the important means of heating is heating. But the heating process is dangerous, so the temperature range and heating rate must be strictly controlled. If the temperature rises too fast or too high during the heating process, it will cause some damage to chemical equipment, and even lead to chemical reaction out of control and explosion accidents. Therefore, in the process of chemical production, we must strictly control the temperature and adopt appropriate heat transfer equipment. During the heating process, it is necessary to prevent the heating equipment from contacting with inflammable and explosive materials or use inert gas for protection to prevent explosion.

2. Condensation and freezing

Cooling and condensation are two cooling operations in chemical production, which seriously affect the fire safety in chemical production. If the reaction equipment and materials are not cooled or condensed in time, it will often lead to fire or even explosion. In the process of condensation and freezing, we must strictly control the technical requirements, correctly select the cooling equipment and coolant according to the temperature, pressure, physical and chemical properties of the cooled substance and the required cooling process conditions, and strictly pay attention to the sealing of the cooling equipment to prevent pollution.

The material enters the coolant or the coolant enters the material. Air and water are commonly used as cooling media in chemical production, while freon and ammonia are commonly used as condensation media. In the process of refrigeration operation, the cooling medium should be continuously supplied, otherwise it will cause heat accumulation, make the system temperature and pressure rise sharply, and cause fire or explosion. In the process of condensation, special attention should be paid to the sealing of condenser and pipeline to prevent leakage and explosion. In chemical production, we should first remove the accumulated liquid in the condenser, then introduce the cooling medium, and finally introduce the high temperature.

Warm materials. When parking, stop the material first, and then stop the cooling system.

3. Distillation

Distillation is a thermodynamic separation process, which uses the different boiling points of components in mixed liquid or liquid-solid system to evaporate and condense low-boiling components, thus separating all components. It is a combination of evaporation and condensation (see figure 1). The steam generated by liquid boiling is introduced into the condenser tube to be cooled and condensed into liquid, so as to achieve the functions of evaporation and condensation. Distillation is an important operation technology to separate high boiling point mixtures, especially liquid mixtures. Its advantage is that it does not need to use other solvents other than system components, thus ensuring that no new impurities will be introduced. In atmospheric distillation, it should be noted that the distillation heat source of flammable liquid can not be naked flame, but can be heated by steam or superheated steam. For high temperature distillation system, cooling water should be prevented from suddenly leaking into the system, which will make water evaporate quickly and the system

The internal pressure suddenly increases, and the substance is washed away or exploded. However, water cannot enter the cylinder, and the pressure in the pipeline must be kept positive.

Step 4 filter

Filtration is a process of purifying fluid by a special device, and the liquid in suspension can be effectively separated from suspended solid particles in production (see Figure 2). The filtration operation is to make the liquid in the suspension pass through the porous object under the action of gravity, vacuum, pressurization and centrifugal force, and intercept the solid suspended particles for separation. The safe operation of filtration process should adopt continuous automatic operation as far as possible, so as to separate the operator from the contact with toxic substances. The material selection and welding quality of filtering equipment should be reliable, and the equipment should not run over time and overload to avoid drum wear or corrosion, and the starting speed should not be too high, otherwise an accident will occur.

Step 5 dry

Drying is usually needed to remove a small amount of water from raw materials and crude products. Drying refers to the operation of removing a small amount of water from solids, liquids or gases. Drying methods can be divided into physical methods and chemical methods. Physical methods include adsorption, boiling distillation, fractionation, freeze drying, heating and vacuum drying. Chemical methods can be divided into two categories according to dehydration methods: one can reversibly combine with water to form hydrates, such as calcium chloride and sodium sulfate; One kind reacts violently with water, such as sodium metal and phosphorus pentoxide. In order to prevent fire, explosion and poisoning accidents, the temperature should be strictly controlled in the drying process to prevent local overheating and the existence of substances with low self-ignition point. Flammable and explosive gas or dust emitted during the process shall not touch open flames and high-temperature surfaces to prevent explosion.

Third, the risk factors in chemical production

1. There are potential safety hazards in the production equipment.

Many chemical production links need to be carried out in high temperature and high pressure environment, which has strict requirements on the performance of chemical equipment. However, due to the consideration of economic cost, many chemical enterprises purchase unqualified chemical production equipment when purchasing chemical equipment, which brings security risks. Some chemical equipment manufacturers lack the sense of responsibility and quality, and the quality of chemical equipment produced is not up to standard, which leads to chemical accidents from time to time. 2. The quality of chemical production personnel is not high.

The quality of employees is an important factor to realize safe production. However, the low quality of employees in most chemical enterprises in China has become another dangerous factor causing safety accidents. Some employees are inattentive in production, whispering to others, failing to report abnormal phenomena in time and failing to deal with them according to the correct operating procedures. Some employees disassemble the parts of chemical equipment at will, resulting in the loss of parts, which leads to potential safety hazards and is prone to anomalies.

3. The enterprise management level is low.

Failure to implement the safety management system is an important factor causing chemical safety accidents. In the production process of chemical enterprises, safety production management system is an important guarantee to realize safety production, but in the actual production process, many chemical enterprises do not strictly implement these systems. Coupled with the lack of propaganda means, the laws and regulations on chemical safety production formulated by the state have become superficial articles and have not played their due role. For example, in February 20 12, the explosion accident of guanidine nitrate in Hebei Keer Chemical Industry caused more than 80 deaths and injuries. The direct reason is that the implementation of safety management is not in place and the level of safety management is not high.

This enterprise has developed too fast.

In recent years, China's chemical industry has developed rapidly, and the scale of enterprises in the industry has been expanded to varying degrees. In this process, some enterprises blindly expand their scale in pursuit of greater economic benefits, but fail to follow up in terms of technical level, management experience and economic strength, which leads to the inability of enterprises to effectively supervise and manage safety production and eliminate potential safety hazards in time.

Four, strengthen the safety management measures of chemical production

First of all, it is necessary to establish and improve the equipment production-safety early warning-production management system, monitor production and equipment operation in real time, install early warning system on dangerous equipment and refresh data in real time. When the temperature or pressure reaches a certain value, the alarm device will start, and the manager will judge and deal with the received alarm treatment scheme in time, and constantly update and improve the safety management system in the process to realize efficient and timely safety production management in chemical production. Secondly, chemical production enterprises need to do a good job in employee training, strengthen employees' awareness of safety in production, and regularly do safety education and training and various safety drills. Organize employees to learn the causes of all kinds of accidents, sum up experiences and lessons, and through the study of safety activities, make employees more deeply realize that safety in production is the premise of everything, and urge all employees to seriously study various safety knowledge.

Concluding remarks

Chemical production is a high-risk and high-risk production process, which requires safety technology to identify, evaluate and control the hazards of its production system to ensure the safety management and accident prevention of chemical production process. In the process of chemical production, we must strictly control all operations, strengthen safety awareness, improve the scientific, standardized and standardized level of safety management, enhance the safety guarantee ability in the production process, and reduce or avoid accidents.

refer to

Zhu Chao. Discussion on safety technology in chemical production [J]. Guide to getting rich through science and technology, 20 14, (17).

[2] Li Tingfu. Study on the application of safety technology in chemical production [J]. China Chemical Trade, 20 13, (8).

Wang Leyan Ma Fengxian. Study on the application of safety technology in chemical production [J]. China Petrochemical Standards and Quality, 20 1 1, (10).

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