The fundamental task of socialism is to develop productive forces, which is fundamentally determined by the main contradictions in socialist society. After China's socialist transformation is basically completed, socialist relations of production have dominated, but the level of social productivity is still very low. The main social contradiction is the contradiction between people's growing material and cultural needs and backward social production, which runs through the whole process of China's socialist stage and all aspects of social life. Especially in the primary stage of socialism, we should first concentrate on developing social productive forces. Judging from the actual situation in the primary stage of socialism in China, it is more important and urgent to develop productive forces. This is because:
First, only by vigorously developing productive forces can we build a solid socialist material and technological foundation, consolidate and develop the socialist economic system, and finally defeat the capitalist system.
Second, only by vigorously developing productive forces can we better achieve the goal of socialist production and improve the material and cultural life of working people.
Third, only by vigorously developing productive forces can we build a socialist spiritual civilization on the basis of a high level of material civilization. Fourth, only by vigorously developing productive forces can the country's independence be guaranteed economically. The premise of developing productive forces is to liberate productive forces, and only by liberating productive forces can we develop productive forces. The liberation of productive forces has two meanings: First, through social revolution, the old relations of production are destroyed and new ones are established, thus liberating productive forces. Therefore, revolution is the liberation of productive forces. Second, fundamentally change the traditional rigid economic system that restricts the development of productive forces and establish a dynamic socialist economic system, so that the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of workers are no longer bound and suppressed, and the limited social resources are rationally allocated, thus promoting the development of social productive forces. Therefore, reform is also the liberation of productive forces.
2. Why is reform and opening up the only way to develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics?
In an important speech delivered by the Central Party School, General Secretary Hu Jintao pointed out that reform and opening-up is an inevitable requirement for liberating and developing social productive forces, constantly innovating dynamic institutional mechanisms, and a powerful driving force for Socialism with Chinese characteristics's development, which must be unswervingly promoted. This important exposition is a full affirmation and high evaluation of China's brilliant achievements in reform and opening up in the past 29 years, and also a political requirement and solemn declaration for China to unswervingly push forward reform and opening up in the new period and new stage.
From a historical perspective, reform and opening up have opened up a great road for Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Reform and opening up is the main theme of contemporary China, the road to a strong country and a basic national policy that must be adhered to. Comrade Deng Xiaoping once pointed out that "reform and opening up is a measure to determine the fate of China", because the original socialist system in China has seriously hindered the development of productive forces. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of the Party's reform and opening-up policy, our Party has shifted its focus of work, greatly liberated and developed social productive forces, broke through the institutional obstacles that bound the development of productive forces, promoted the initial establishment of the socialist market economic system, formed a brand-new pattern of opening up to the outside world, and opened up a great road for Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
From the perspective of development achievements, reform and opening up have achieved a historic leap in China's all-round economic and social development. Since the reform and opening up, China's social productive forces have been greatly liberated and developed. From 1978 to 2006, China's GDP increased from 362.4 billion yuan to 210.09 trillion yuan, and its fiscal revenue increased from11320 million yuan to 3.94 trillion yuan. At present, China ranks fourth in the world in terms of gross domestic product, second in terms of total import and export volume, first in terms of national foreign exchange reserves, and first in terms of output of major agricultural products such as cereals, meat and cotton, steel, coal, televisions, computers and other major industrial products. While the rapid economic growth has laid a solid material foundation for Socialism with Chinese characteristics, China has basically realized the fundamental transformation from a highly centralized planned economic system to a socialist market economic system; A basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together has been established, and various institutional mechanisms are more dynamic; It has basically formed an all-round, wide-ranging and multi-level opening-up pattern, and realized the transformation from a closed economic system to an open economic system; The comprehensive national strength has been significantly improved, and the international influence and national cohesion have been greatly enhanced; Social and political stability, people's life in general has achieved a historic leap from food and clothing to a well-off society. The superiority of the socialist system is more and more fully demonstrated.
From the perspective of development prospects, reform and opening up will provide a strong impetus for the future development of China. While feeling the new changes and new atmosphere brought about by the reform and opening up, we should also clearly see that developing the market economy under socialist conditions is an unprecedented great initiative. We are still facing many difficulties and problems, such as underdeveloped productive forces, unbalanced urban and rural development and regional development, imperfect socialist market economic system, imperfect democracy and legal system and immature socialist system. Only by unswervingly promoting reform and opening up can Socialism with Chinese characteristics always be full of vitality; Only in this way can the major system reform related to the overall economic and social development make breakthrough progress and promote sound and rapid economic and social development; Only in this way can we better solve the most concerned, direct and realistic interests of the people, and realize that development is for the people, development depends on the people, and development results are enjoyed by the people.
Our course shows that reform and opening up is the only way to develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The development of society will also prove that only by deepening reform and opening wider to the outside world can we consolidate our achievements and create greater glories.
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