During World War II, the U.S. military asked Dr. Mochili of the University of Pennsylvania and his student eckert to design an "electronic" computer-ENIAC (Electronic Digital Integrator and Calculator), which used vacuum tubes instead of relays to calculate the trajectory of shells.

This machine uses 18800 vacuum tube, which is 50 feet long and 30 feet wide. It covers an area of 1500 square feet and weighs 30 tons (about one and a half classrooms, six elephants). Its calculation speed is very fast, and it can engage in 5000 addition operations per second. It has been running for nine years. Eating electricity is fierce. It is said that every time ENIAC is turned on, the lights in the west side of Philadelphia will be eclipsed.

In addition, the loss rate of vacuum tubes is quite high, and a vacuum tube may be burned out almost every 15 minutes. It takes the operator more than 15 minutes to find out the broken pipe, which is extremely inconvenient to use. Someone once joked: "As long as that machine can run continuously for five days without burning vacuum tubes, congratulations to the inventor." .

It has been more than 50 years since the first computer was born. During this period, computers developed at an alarming rate. First, transistors replaced electron tubes, and then, with the development of microelectronics technology, the components on computer processors and memories became smaller and smaller, and the computing speed and storage capacity of computers increased rapidly.

19941In February 1994, Intel Corporation of the United States announced that it had successfully developed the fastest supercomputer in the world, which can perform 328 billion addition operations per second (66 million times that of the first electronic computer). If people are allowed to complete the calculation in one second, it takes one person to calculate around the clock for more than 10 thousand years.

Compared with today's computers, "Eniac" at that time was not as good as some advanced pocket calculators, but its birth opened a brand-new information age for mankind and brought about great changes in human society.

1996 February 14, on the 50th anniversary of the advent of every electronic computer in the world, US Vice President Al Gore started this computer again to commemorate the arrival of the information age.

1On June 2nd, 925, John Logie Baird, a scot, scanned the image of a puppet in an experiment in London. People usually regarded him as the symbol of the birth of television, and he was called the "father of television". However, this view is controversial. Because, also in that year, American vladimir zworykin showed his TV system to his boss in Westinghouse.

Although the time is the same, the TV systems in John Logie Baird and vladimir zworykin are quite different. Historically, John Logie Baird's television system was called mechanical television, while Sforokin's system was called electronic television. This difference is mainly due to the different transmission and reception principles.

The development of television is complicated. Almost at the same time, many people are doing the same research.

American RCA 1939 introduced the world's first black-and-white TV set, 1953 formulated the national color TV standard, and 1954 introduced RCA color TV set.

The discoverer of penicillin was British bacteriologist Fleming. 1928 One day, Fleming studied staphylococci causing human fever in his humble laboratory. As the lid was not properly covered, he found that there was a layer of Penicillium attached to the agar used to cultivate bacteria. This is coming from the window of a scholar who studies Penicillium upstairs. To Fleming's surprise, Staphylococcus suddenly disappeared near Penicillium. This accidental discovery deeply attracted him, and he successfully cultivated this mold many times, which proved that penicillin could kill all staphylococci in a few hours. Fleming invented penicillin, the bane of staphylococcus.

British scientist Fleming, the inventor of penicillin, conducted this research in his laboratory by Australian pathologist Howard Frohring.

Study penicillin chemicals, and use Fleming

1945 nobel prize in physiology or medicine,

1929, Fleming published an academic paper and reported his findings, but it was not paid attention to at that time, and the purification of penicillin was not solved.

From 65438 to 0935, biochemist Qian En and physicist Flory of Oxford University in England were very interested in Fleming's discovery. Ernst Boris Ernst boris chain is responsible for the cultivation of Penicillium and the separation, purification and strengthening of penicillin, which has improved its antibacterial power by thousands of times. Flory is responsible for the observation and experiment of animals. At this point, the efficacy of penicillin has been proved.