The chemical formula of chlorine gas is Clz, which is yellow-green gas at normal temperature and pressure and has a strong pungent smell. The density of chlorine gas is 2.5 times that of air. The melting point of chlorine gas is relatively low. At normal temperature and pressure, the melting point is-10 1.00℃ and the boiling point is -34.05℃. Chlorine can be changed into liquid chlorine by pressurizing it to 600~700kPa at normal temperature or cooling it to -34℃ at normal pressure.
Physical properties of chlorine gas
Chlorine is soluble in water, in organic solvents and insoluble in saturated salt water. 1 volume of water can dissolve 2 volumes of chlorine at room temperature, forming yellow-green chlorine water with a density of 3. 170g/L, which is higher than that of air.
There are seven electrons in the outermost layer of chlorine atom, so it is easy to get 1 electron in the reaction or * * * use an electron pair to realize a stable structure (* * * valence bond). Chlorine molecule is a diatomic molecule with molecular formula Cl2.
Chemical properties of chlorine gas
Combustion supporting performance
Chlorine supports combustion, and many substances can burn in chlorine (except a few substances such as elemental carbon, etc. ).
Oxidation: Chlorine gas is highly oxidizing and can react with all metals when heated.
Reaction with sodium: 2Na+C 12=2NaCl.
Phenomenon: sodium burns violently in chlorine, producing a lot of white smoke and releasing heat.
Reaction with copper: Cu+C 12=CuC 12.
Phenomenon: the red-hot copper wire burns violently in chlorine gas, and the bottle is full of brown smoke. After adding a small amount of water, the solution is blue-green.
The green color is obvious, and the solution is completely blue after adding enough water.
Reaction with iron: 2Fe+3C 12=2FeC 13.
Phenomenon: the iron wire burns violently in chlorine, and the bottle is full of brown-red smoke. After adding a small amount of water, the solution turns yellow.
Reaction with magnesium: Mg+C 12=MgC 12.
Phenomenon: very intense combustion, producing white smoke.
Knowledge expansion
To learn chemistry well, here are some suggestions:
Cultivate interest in chemistry: chemistry is an interesting subject, and understanding and cultivating interest in chemistry is the first step to learn chemistry well. You can cultivate your interest by reading chemistry-related books and paying attention to chemistry news and experiments.
Master basic knowledge: The key to learning chemistry well is to master basic knowledge. To start learning chemistry, we should start with the basic knowledge, including the periodic table of elements, atomic structure, chemical bonds and so on. It is suggested that you take notes during the study to facilitate review and review.
Integrating theory with practice: Chemistry is an experimental science, and practice is an important means to learn chemistry well. Taking part in experimental courses or projects while studying chemistry is helpful to consolidate and understand theoretical knowledge. At the same time, we should abide by the safety rules and pay attention to the accuracy and meticulousness of the experimental operation.
Consolidate knowledge by doing problems: chemistry is a subject that needs to be understood and applied, and knowledge can be consolidated by solving problems. You can find related problem sets and practice according to different chapters to strengthen your understanding and memory of knowledge points.
Participate in discussions and exchanges: participating in discussions and exchanges can broaden the understanding of chemistry. You can participate in extracurricular activities related to chemistry, attend academic seminars or join academic societies. And share your learning experience and opinions with others.
Resource utilization: There are many chemistry learning resources available now, such as chemistry textbooks, online open classes, academic papers and scientific research documents. Make full use of these resources to expand the understanding and learning of chemical knowledge.
Perseverance: Learning chemistry well requires persistent efforts. Chemistry is a subject that needs repeated training and mastery. We should persist in studying, be diligent in practice, and constantly improve our understanding and ability.
In short, learning chemistry well requires interest, basic knowledge, practical experience, problem-solving ability and continuous efforts. I believe that as long as you pay enough time and energy, you can understand and master chemistry knowledge and become an excellent chemistry learner.