1. To know and master the "information processing characteristics", whether a driver is driving on the beach or on the road, his action process is to collect all kinds of information, predict the situation and make a decision before acting. To make the action correct, the key is to collect all kinds of situations and consciously not to do driving behavior beyond his potential during driving.
2. Drivers should learn all kinds of knowledge about safe driving to meet the requirements of traffic safety. Drivers should not only master the driving characteristics of vehicles, but also be familiar with their own vehicle performance. With the development of national economic construction, different road conditions have changed, and various characteristics, speed, horsepower and body quality of vehicles have been improved accordingly. It is necessary to pay attention to the mobility, stability, braking directionality and inertia force of vehicles ideologically, form good driving habits in safe driving, think before driving, have a look, and insist on inspection and maintenance on the way after returning to the field to master safety.
3. As a driver, we should learn traffic safety psychology, pay attention to mental health, understand the nature of accidents from the perspective of man-vehicle system, correctly understand the contingency and inevitability after accidents, and predict the necessity and possibility of traffic accidents, so as to eliminate budding accidents, increase confidence and establish scientific basis.
4, strict training, improve the technical level. Correct driving operation is the premise of ensuring safe driving. Therefore, the trained drivers have undergone strict training and requirements. During the internship, we should strengthen the practice of self-following training, master the outdoor laws of vehicles, improve the potential of handling various situations independently, and avoid the emergence of "professional killers".
Second, the technical method of automobile fuel saving
From my driving experience, there are four main factors in automobile economy. (Heart-tired sentence)
1, automobile body mass, 2, automobile body resistance coefficient, 3, automobile engine.
On the technical level, 4, the driver's driving habits are related to technology. If you start at a low gear and then brake with your big foot, the fuel consumption will increase. Experts remind that the new car must be run-in within the first 3000 kilometers, and the speed of the new car should be controlled within 80 kilometers per hour to minimize sudden acceleration and deceleration.
For the reasonable maintenance of automobiles, air filters, gasoline filters and oil filters need to be replaced every 5,000 kilometers or more. It is precisely because air will reduce the gas volume, which will lead to insufficient combustion of gasoline and reduce fuel efficiency. The blockage of gasoline filtration will also make the engine work abnormally. For refueling, pay attention to the quality of the oil gauge. The marked scale will flood the crankshaft, increase the resistance, and too little oil will not play a role in lubrication and sealing, and even affect the efficiency of the engine. Cultivate good driving habits, choose a reasonable driving state according to different road conditions, and reduce emergency turns. When driving, you should not only look at the first car, but also look at the situation of the first two or three cars at the same time. Take measures in advance to reduce sudden braking and avoid sudden refueling. When accelerating suddenly and slowly to the same speed, the fuel consumption difference can reach about 10 ml. When driving at a constant speed, the most economical working conditions will continue, with the engine speed of 2000 ~ 3000 rpm and the speed of 60 ~ 90 km/h. Low-grade and high-speed driving often makes the fuel consumption exceed 45% of the normal value. Fuel saving is a new topic, which often involves many factors. Therefore, how to save fuel for vehicles, it is best not to be limited to a certain point or a certain aspect. From the above analysis, we can understand that the fuel saving of vehicles is mainly related to the driver, and the driver's attention to driving operation technology and vehicle application method is the true meaning of fuel saving. Only by knowing and understanding vehicles and using them correctly can we really enter the realm of vehicle fuel saving.
For essential models, the fuel consumption of the car mainly depends on the technical level of the driver's driving operation, which determines the fuel consumption of the car. The technical level of driving operation mainly includes the following aspects:
1, hot car: the car engine can be started within 3 ~ 5 minutes after the hot car is started, which can effectively reduce fuel consumption and the emission of harmful substances.
2. Starting: After starting in winter, you should continue to drive at a low speed, and you can accelerate normally only after the temperature of the engine and each assembly rises to normal; Start from the first gear in daily life, and try to avoid stepping on the accelerator when starting.
3. Selection of gear and speed: When the car is driving on a good road, try to choose a higher gear (high gear does not mean high speed). When going uphill, accelerate ahead of time and use inertia to wash the slope. If you can't use inertia to wash the slope, you should lower it to the appropriate gear in advance, so as to avoid the lack of power, increase the number of gear shifts and increase fuel consumption.
4. Application of clutch: The experiment proves that the one-foot clutch shift method can save oil by 0.4ml, shorten the time by 1s, downshift on the ramp, and save oil by 1.65ml and shorten the time by 0.56s by reducing the fifth gear by the fourth gear.
5. Control of the accelerator pedal: When the car is driving, the accelerator pedal should be lightly stepped on and slowly controlled, so as to avoid rapid acceleration and empty stepping on the accelerator as much as possible. Advocate predictive driving, carefully observe the road conditions within 100 meters ahead, and then decide whether to refuel. It is clear that there are still a few seconds before the red light, and we have to rush at the accelerator, which will increase fuel consumption and affect the safety of pedestrians on the road. Pay more attention to the surrounding car conditions and road conditions before making a decision. Pay more attention to it at ordinary times, and the fuel economy will add up.
6. Reasonable use of brakes: When the car is driving, the engine should be used as much as possible, and the brake pedal should be stepped less. Be predictable before braking, control the speed reasonably, and try to avoid emergency braking. (Funny talk about Daquan)
7. Engine temperature control: If the engine temperature is too high or too low, it will directly affect the working condition and fuel consumption of the engine. Normal engine temperature (80 ~ 95℃) is conducive to fuel atomization and uniform distribution of mixed gas, which makes the engine have good fuel economy and power performance, and can ensure the lubrication potential of engine oil, thus reducing engine wear and reducing the consumption of friction work.
8. Air conditioning temperature setting: Air conditioning is an important factor for high fuel consumption in summer, so be sure to pay attention when using air conditioning, and try not to set the temperature to the lowest. If the air conditioner compressor keeps working at the lowest temperature, the fuel consumption burden will increase.
Three, the main fault of automobile maintenance
As a driver, you must have the potential to repair the basic faults of the car. Basic automobile faults include automobile engine faults and automobile chassis faults.
65438+ To eliminate this fault, check whether the piston head has melted or shows signs of melting. If it has melted, replace the piston with a new one and clean the oil pan to check and remove the molten aluminum particles in the oil passage. Finally, reassemble the test run.
2, when the car starts, the clutch can't be smoothly combined, and produce jitter. The main reason for this failure is that the steel plate or pressure plate of the driven plate is warped and deformed, which leads to the failure of normal combination of the driven plate with the flywheel or pressure plate. The way to eliminate this fault is to replace the driven disk or pressure plate.
3. When the car is driving or taxiing, the driving axle will make a lot of noise. The main reasons for this failure are serious wear of a pair of bevel gears in the main drive, gear deformation, gear fracture, tooth surface wear, improper adjustment of meshing surface, too large or too small meshing clearance, uneven meshing clearance or inability to replace gears in pairs. The main way to eliminate this fault is to replace the bevel gear of the main drive.