Chemical pharmaceutical industry and green chemistry

The production of chemical pharmaceutical industry inevitably produces industrial waste, but stagnation is not the solution to the problem. We should start with the production process, eliminate or reduce the discharge of pollutants, comprehensively utilize the pollutants that must be discharged, and realize the ecological cycle of the pharmaceutical industry and the green achievements of environmental protection and clean production. The green production mode of chemical pharmaceutical industry is summarized.

Keywords chemical pharmaceutical industry, green chemistry, production mode

I. Introduction

Nowadays, the concept of sustainable development is recognized by the world as Scientific Outlook on Development. It emphasizes the coordinated development of population, economy, society, environment and resources, not only to develop economy, but also to protect natural resources and environment, so that future generations can develop sustainably. Green pharmacy takes the research and development of harmless clean technology as the primary condition, and promotes clean production by developing new principles of green chemistry with efficient, reasonable and pollution-free utilization of resources. With the goal of environmental harmony and economic development, we will create advanced production technologies that are environmentally friendly, and realize the "ecological" cycle, "environmentally friendly" and "green" results of cleaner production in the pharmaceutical industry [1].

Chemical pharmaceutical industry belongs to a large category of technology-intensive fine chemicals [2]. Green chemistry uses chemical techniques and methods to reduce or eliminate the use and production of raw materials, catalysts, solvents and reagents, products and by-products harmful to human health, community safety and ecological environment. This is a chemical method to prevent pollution from the source.

Green chemistry is a sustainable development based on the harmonious development between man and nature [3], which can not only fundamentally protect the environment, but also further promote the development of chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, the way out for chemical pharmaceutical industry lies in developing and applying green chemical technology according to the principle of green chemical production.

Second, the production mode of green chemical pharmaceutical industry

2. 1 Designing pollution-free green production technology is the fundamental measure to eliminate environmental pollution.

In traditional crafts, people often ignore the importance of the environment in pursuit of interests and profits. When the ecological circle sounded the alarm to people again and again, people realized that it was not advisable to gain benefits at the expense of destroying the environment. Green chemistry not only protects the environment and creates a good chemical image, but also brings great economic benefits to enterprises. It is estimated that in the United States, due to the implementation of the environmental protection law, the industry will spend 654.38 billion to 654.38 billion US dollars every year. If the expenditure on environmental protection can be used to study green production technology, it will undoubtedly be very beneficial to the development of enterprises [4]. For example, the traditional route to synthesize benzaldehyde is obtained by hydrolysis of benzylidene diamine from toluene. This process route will not only produce a lot of wastewater to be treated, but also produce a lot of ammonia with light and heat, which will cause serious pollution to the surrounding environment [5]. Indirect electrooxidation of benzaldehyde is a green production process, and its basic principle is that Mn2+ is electrolytically oxidized to Mn3+ in an electrolytic cell, and then Mn3+ and toluene are directionally oxidized to toluene formaldehyde outside the cell, and Mn3+ is reduced to Mn2+. After oil-water separation, the water phase returns to the electrolytic cell for electrolytic oxidation, and the oil phase returns to the reactor after benzaldehyde is separated by runoff. In this process, the oil phase and the water phase form a closed cycle respectively, and no pollutants are discharged in the whole process.

2.2 Comprehensive utilization of pollutants that must be discharged to turn harm into benefit.

The pursuit of green chemistry does not mean that pollutants are not produced in the production process, and pollutants should be recycled as much as possible. Most chemical production wastes actually contain raw materials, and pollutants themselves are misplaced resources. In recent years, there are many successful examples of comprehensive utilization of resources in the pollution control of pharmaceutical industry. For example, o-nitroethylbenzene, a by-product in chloramphenicol production, is one of the important pollutants and an excellent herbicide for making oxadiazon [7]. For example, p-chlorophenol refers to the main raw material of clofibrate, a hypolipidemic drug, and the by-product o-chlorophenol in its production process is one of the important pollutants. The 2,6-dichlorophenol prepared from it can be used as the raw material of diclofenac sodium, an antipyretic and analgesic drug [8].

2.3 Harmless treatment of pollutants that must be discharged.

While adopting green chemical process, some pollutants still do not meet the current emission standards. Therefore, scientific treatment methods must be adopted to treat pollutants that must be discharged harmlessly. Mainly the treatment of industrial wastewater, waste gas and waste residue.

2.3. 1 wastewater treatment

The essence of wastewater treatment is to separate pollutants from wastewater by various technical means, so as to purify wastewater. Wastewater treatment technology can be generally divided into physical method, chemical method and biological method according to the principle of action. Physical method is to separate suspended pollutants from wastewater by physical action, and its chemical properties will not change during the separation process; Chemical method uses the principle of chemical reaction to separate and recover various pollutants in wastewater, such as neutralization, coagulation, oxidation and reduction. Toxic and harmful wastewater is often treated by chemical methods, so that the wastewater can not meet the conditions that affect biological treatment. For example, manganese-containing wastewater can be made into manganese sulfate or high-purity manganese carbonate after a series of chemical treatments [9]; Biological method is to use the metabolism of microorganisms to transform dissolved and colloidal organic pollutants in wastewater into stable and harmless substances.

Treatment of waste gas

According to the nature of the main pollutants, the waste gas discharged by chemical pharmaceutical factories can be divided into three categories, namely, dusty waste gas, inorganic waste gas and organic waste gas. Treating dust-bearing waste gas is to separate gas-solid two-phase mixture, and use the high quality of dust to separate it by external force. For example, the filtering and dust removal method adopted by ordinary bag filter [10] is the treatment of dusty waste gas; Waste gas containing inorganic or organic pollutants should be treated harmlessly by condensation, absorption, packaging, combustion, broken flowers and other methods according to the physical and chemical properties of pollutants.

Disposal of waste residue

The treatment methods of waste residue mainly include chemical method, incineration method, pyrolysis method and landfill method. Chemical method is to use the chemical properties of pollutants contained in waste residue to transform them into stable and safe substances through chemical reactions; Incineration method is to make the treated waste residue oxidized and burned in an incinerator with excessive air, so that the pollutants are oxidized and decomposed at high temperature and destroyed; Pyrolysis is the decomposition of macromolecular organic matter in waste residue into combustible small molecular gas, oil and solid carbon under the condition of high temperature without feeding and lack of oxygen. Landfill is to bury the waste residue that can not be used temporarily and has no special harm in the soil, and degrade the harmful substances through long-term decomposition of microorganisms.

Three. Concluding remarks

With people's increasing concern for the environment, green production technology has become the development direction of the pharmaceutical industry. Many green production technologies have been widely used in chemical pharmaceutical industry, such as catalysis, organic synthesis, template synthesis, magnetochemistry, combinatorial chemistry, solid-phase synthesis, liquid-phase synthesis, microwave technology, supercritical fluid technology, ultrasonic technology, membrane technology and so on. After experiencing the double benefits of environment and economy, people pay more attention and energy to the development of this technology. With the progress of science and technology, green production technology will be further developed and optimized.

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