Paper Keywords: the effectiveness of undergraduate tutorial system in newly-built undergraduate colleges Abstract: At present, most newly-built undergraduate colleges in China have implemented the undergraduate tutorial system, but the effect of the undergraduate tutorial system is limited due to problems such as too unified mode, unclear positioning and defects in the design of the system itself. Newly-built undergraduate colleges can fundamentally improve the effectiveness of the undergraduate tutorial system only by combining the factors such as school orientation, school conditions and personnel training, and establishing the type and system of undergraduate tutorial system that conforms to their own reality. ?

With the popularization of the credit system, the tutorial system for undergraduates has been gradually introduced into Chinese universities, which has effectively promoted the smooth implementation of the credit system, promoted the change of ideas and improved the quality of education to a certain extent. But, as a? Imported goods? There are still many problems in the process of localization. Many colleges and universities do not fully consider their own positioning and conditions in the implementation process, which leads to the disunity of the types and modes of tutorial system and the unclear positioning of tutors' responsibilities. Due to the lack of seriousness and restraint of the system, the tutorial system is very arbitrary in the implementation process, and it can not achieve the expected results theoretically and subjectively. The defects in the system design and implementation of some newly-built undergraduate colleges make the undergraduate tutorial system more successful? Is it a pity to eat tasteless and abandon it? what's up Chicken ribs? . Therefore, the newly-built undergraduate colleges can only improve the effectiveness of the undergraduate tutorial system by establishing an undergraduate tutorial system that conforms to their own reality.

The first is the top-level design of the tutorial system in newly-built undergraduate colleges.

1. Orientation of tutorial system for undergraduates based on basic teaching system

Judging from the development of undergraduate tutorial system in China, whether to make up for the deficiency of the previous credit system or for the students and development now, what is the orientation of undergraduate tutorial system? Teaching management? Or? Student management? In fact, it has not become an independent teaching system, let alone a basic teaching method. It can be seen that the current undergraduate tutorial system in China belongs to the traditional training mode, which is a measure to improve the existing undergraduate training quality without changing the class teaching as the leading factor, but it is not dominant. Therefore, the tutorial system for undergraduates in China also emphasizes its basic orientation. Auxiliary? Its function has been diluted and it is marginalized in the whole teaching system of the university. Teachers and students lack sufficient conceptual identity and status identity.

According to ai? Reese and Jack? Trout's positioning view, the positioning of tutorial system should fully consider the overall planning of the school and what role the tutor wants to play, that is, the essence of positioning is to make the tutorial system determine a reasonable position in the public mind, that is, the position of tutorial system in the public mind. This orientation can be regarded as a creative change to the status quo of the tutorial system, or it may just be a kind of repair in a certain sense, but it actually changes the orientation of the tutorial system: sometimes it is just a decoration, but it can gain a favorable position in the hearts of schools and the public, which is itself a successful orientation of the tutorial system. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the undergraduate tutorial system as a basic teaching system and make it truly an innovative talent training model. Only when teachers regard the individual guidance of tutors as an effective teaching method and means to teach students in accordance with their aptitude and cultivate their individuality, and pay attention to the individual development of students, can people agree with the undergraduate tutorial system conceptually.

2.？ Staged dual tutorial system? Type Selection of Tutorial System for Undergraduates

At present, there are generally three types of tutorial system for undergraduate students in colleges and universities in China: according to the responsibilities of tutors, there are full-time tutorial system and specific task-based tutorial system, such as tutorial system, ideological and political tutorial system and management-assisted tutorial system; From the study period, there are full tutorial system and grade tutorial system; From the scope of guiding students, there are full tutorial system and excellent student tutorial system.

Different types of tutorial system need different conditions. The principle of choosing the type of tutorial system is: it should not only conform to the orientation of the school, but also consider the actual situation of the school, especially the teaching staff. If these factors are not considered, choosing a tutorial system that is not suitable for the actual situation of the school may not achieve the expected effect of the tutorial system. Now many newly-built undergraduate colleges are implementing it? Full-time, full-time and full-time tutorial system? I think it's a kind of? What is the income? System.

One is? Full-time, full-time and full-time tutorial system? Sufficient tutor resources are needed as the backing, otherwise providing tutors for every student from grade one to grade four will only be at the expense of increasing the number of tutors, and too many teachers will inevitably affect the guidance effect.

And second? Full-time, full-time and full-time tutorial system? The requirements for tutors are higher, the workload of tutors is greater, and the guidance tasks are heavier, including freshmen's entrance guidance to senior employment guidance. However, the teachers in newly-built undergraduate colleges are mostly young, and there are relatively few teachers with rich teaching experience and high academic level. Full-time teachers have relatively low professional titles, heavy teaching tasks and scientific research pressure, so it is inevitable that they will be unable to guide students in the whole process.

In my opinion, for newly-built undergraduate colleges, is there a phased dual tutorial system? It is a beneficial attempt, that is, according to the training goal of applied talents and the situation of school teachers, the college and society jointly guide students. The specific approach is to provide on-campus tutors for students in freshmen and sophomores, and to provide off-campus tutors for students in juniors and seniors selectively according to their professional nature. Judging from the teaching staff of newly-built undergraduate colleges, what is the staged dual tutorial system? It can effectively alleviate the pressure of the weak teachers in the school. For newly-built undergraduate colleges, the full tutorial system is obviously not an ideal choice because of the relative shortage of teachers. Staged dual tutorial system? Due to the implementation of subsection guidance, the demand for teachers in schools is relatively small, which is more suitable for universities that lack tutor resources.

There are three main reasons for having an on-campus tutor in the first and second years of college.

The transition and adaptation of the first and second grades are extremely important for the whole university life. The first year is a transitional period for freshmen to adapt to university study and life. College students are facing a brand-new situation. If they want to adapt to the university learning style, learn to choose courses, understand their majors and cultivate their professional interests, they urgently need the guidance of tutors. In the second year of college, professional learning has become the main learning task of students. At this time, the guidance of teachers in professional learning is very important.

Second, after two years of college life and study, students in grade three and four often seek help through various channels when they encounter problems, and are more willing to solve problems through classmates, friends and professional teachers. There are far fewer channels and information for junior students to get help, so it is necessary to equip them with in-school tutors.

Third, compared with the tutorial system in senior grades, the tutorial system in junior grades can appropriately relax the title and specific requirements of tutors. As long as they have a strong sense of responsibility, rich experience in education and teaching, understand the laws of education, be familiar with the training objectives and teaching plans of their major, and have certain professional guidance ability, they can be competent, and there is no rigid requirement for the title.

Judging from the orientation of newly-built undergraduate colleges, what is the dual tutorial system? It fully embodies the characteristics of cultivating applied talents. Newly-built undergraduate colleges are generally application-oriented undergraduate colleges, and the remarkable feature of their talent training is to closely combine the needs of local industries and cultivate senior application-oriented professionals. Wide caliber, thick foundation and strong practice and innovation? The professional training goal requires students to have a solid professional foundation, strong practical ability and innovative ability. However, in reality, due to the limitations of school conditions and teachers' level, as well as the lag of teaching content, the phenomenon of disconnection between theory and practice in teaching is becoming more and more serious, which greatly affects the cultivation of students' adaptability and innovation ability. And adopt? Double tutorial system? Only then can we know the needs of employers in time, adjust the training contents and methods, undertake the task of cultivating talents with society, effectively combine social needs with school education, and overcome the lack of disconnection between school education and social needs.

Second, what is the guidance of undergraduate tutors on the responsibility orientation of tutorial system in newly-built undergraduate colleges?

For most newly-built universities in China, the overall situation of the teaching staff is limited? Full-time tutorial system Therefore, in order to determine the scientific and reasonable undergraduate tutor responsibilities, newly-built undergraduate colleges must distinguish and focus on their own actual situation. What kind? Big and complete? what's up The responsibility orientation of full-time tutors must be changed.

Judging from the actual situation of students, most of the students in newly-built undergraduate colleges come from cities and towns, and their learning foundation is not solid. Most of the college entrance examination results are in the middle and lower level, and their self-study ability is relatively poor. There is a widespread problem of inferiority and weariness of learning, and they are at a loss about their ideals and future. Therefore, it is often more important to adjust students' mentality, motivate students to make progress and cultivate students' professional interest and application innovation ability than to complete a specific scientific research task.

Considering the teacher structure and overall level of newly-built undergraduate colleges, the tutor's guiding responsibilities should not be too much, but should be followed? Accurate positioning, focused? The principle of. I think it should be based on? Auxiliary learning+auxiliary use? Mainly, that is to say, the core and focus of tutor's duties should be academic guidance and practical application to students. The main responsibilities of tutors in schools can be summarized as follows: helping students adapt to university study as soon as possible, defining learning objectives, mastering correct learning methods and cultivating self-study ability; Guide students to understand the teaching system and make feasible study plans; Introduce disciplines and majors, including research content and direction, so that students can understand and clarify their learning direction as soon as possible and improve their professional interest; Guide students to choose courses according to professional characteristics, take into account students' interests and ambitions, and build a reasonable knowledge framework. The main responsibilities of off-campus tutors can be summarized as follows: to cultivate students' good career and guide them to form their initial professional judgment ability; Aiming at the deficiency of classroom theoretical study, we should cultivate students' practical cognitive ability and ability to adapt to future work.

Third, improve the effectiveness of the tutorial system from the specific design and implementation of the system.

1. About the selection of tutors

First of all, as far as the qualifications of tutors are concerned, not every tutor can be employed as an undergraduate tutor. Only those teachers who have a strong sense of responsibility and have a good evaluation of their own quality, professional level and personal accomplishment are qualified. In terms of professional titles, departments lacking teachers may not make rigid requirements for this.

Secondly, in order to reflect the wishes of both teachers and students, it is necessary to improve the authority and fairness of the selection process, pay attention to stimulating the enthusiasm of teachers and students in the selection process, and implement tutors and students? Two-way choice? . In the specific operation, the information of tutors and students can be published through websites or employment meetings, and students should tutor first? Volunteer to fill in? Each student can choose at most two tutors and obey them? Adjust? Then the tutor will screen the students he chooses, and finally the functional departments will distribute them uniformly. This will not only take into account the wishes and requirements of both teachers and students, but also help to raise everyone's attention to the undergraduate tutorial system. For departments with many students and teachers and difficult undergraduate tutors, it can be proposed to the school that the school should allocate teachers from the class or a tutor group composed of several teachers to guide several students. However, the leader of the tutor group must be recommended by the department and assessed by the school. Other tutors can be young teachers or senior students with excellent academic performance.

2. On teacher-student interaction

A perfect system design should have a binding effect on the objects involved in the system, otherwise the effectiveness of the system cannot be effectively guaranteed. Tutorial system for undergraduates is based on the participation of teachers and students. If the biggest problem now is that there is little interaction and communication between teachers and students, then both teachers and students have unshirkable responsibilities. Therefore, when implementing the tutorial system, it is necessary to clarify the time and way of interaction between teachers and students. For example, tutors should combine collective guidance with individual guidance, with collective guidance at least once a month and individual guidance for each student at least once a semester. While standardizing teachers, students should also be required to abide by discipline and system design, so that students can consciously accept the guidance of tutors according to the regulations of the school. In the specific operation, students can be required to do the following five things: respect the tutor, take the initiative to contact the tutor and seek guidance and help from the tutor; Meet with the tutor within two weeks of each semester, and make the study plan and comprehensive quality development plan for this semester according to the tutor's opinions and my actual situation; Participate in the activities formulated by the tutor with a positive and serious attitude, and shall not be absent without reason; Complete the tasks assigned by the tutor and report your learning situation to the tutor actively; Evaluate the guidance of the tutor objectively and fairly every academic year.

3. On the assessment and encouragement of tutors

In order to improve the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of tutor work, the school must incorporate the assessment of undergraduate tutor work into the annual assessment of school staff.

(1) A reasonable and perfect evaluation index system should be established.

Because of the complexity and diversity of tutor's work, the evaluation content of tutor's work must be comprehensive and specific, and the evaluation index must cover the whole work process and results of tutor. In addition to evaluating the performance of the tutor, it is also necessary to evaluate the tutor's personal influence, working attitude, working methods and guiding effect on students. In the process of index refinement, we should try our best to avoid excessively praising the indicators required by quantification and ignoring the qualitative description in the indicators.

(2) Pay attention to the diversification of evaluation subjects and methods.

In addition to students, the evaluation subject should also consider the self-evaluation and peer review of tutors, and the evaluation methods should also be combined with questionnaires, observation, law and interviews to make the evaluation results more objective and fair.

(3) Ensure that the purpose of undergraduate tutor job evaluation can be achieved.

The work assessment of undergraduate tutors is not only aimed at the workload of tutors, but also includes the annual assessment of tutors, promotion of professional and technical positions and post appointment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a reward and restraint system related to the interests of tutors. In view of this, the school can establish an excellent undergraduate tutor awarding system or set up a special reward fund to commend and reward teachers who have made outstanding achievements in undergraduate tutor work. Teachers who are rated as excellent undergraduate tutors can enjoy special care in job evaluation and employment in addition to the special funds issued by the school, and they are given priority in the same situation; Teachers who fail to pass the work assessment of undergraduate tutors will be disqualified in the current year, disqualified from promotion in the current year, and reduced or suspended post appointment; For qualified teachers who refuse to undertake the task of tutor, the annual assessment shall not be rated as excellent.

4. Management and supervision of tutorial system

As the implementation of undergraduate tutorial system is a normal and systematic work, involving many objects and complicated work, schools must provide corresponding organizational and institutional guarantees.

(1) There should be special management organizations and personnel to ensure the normal operation of the tutorial system.

Generally speaking, a two-level tutorial system management organization can be established. School-level management institutions are mainly responsible for formulating the implementation measures of the tutorial system and regularly studying the work, assessment and evaluation of tutors; College (department) level management institutions are mainly responsible for the selection, training and related work of tutors in their own units.

(2) It is necessary to strengthen the daily supervision of undergraduate tutors and focus on building three supervision mechanisms.

First, take students as the main body and establish a supervision mechanism with guidance effect evaluation as the core. This mechanism can be carried out through student seminars, questionnaires, etc., paying attention to students' feedback on teachers' guidance effect.

The second is to establish a supervision mechanism with hospitals (departments) as the main body and guidance, recording and evaluation as the core. Track the daily work and performance of the management tutor by looking at the tutor's guidance records, logs, homework comments and other words.

Third, take the school as the main body, establish a supervision mechanism with performance appraisal as the core, insist on evaluating the tutor's work by semester and school year, and record the evaluation results in the tutor's own business, so as to truly link the evaluation with the tutor's personal rewards and punishments, and play a role in encouraging the advanced, rewarding the excellent and punishing the poor.

In short, only by choosing the appropriate type of undergraduate tutorial system according to the characteristics and orientation of the school, and determining the responsibilities and plans of the tutor according to the school's teachers and personnel training objectives, can the tutor guide the students in a targeted manner and the undergraduate tutorial system really play its role.

References:

[1] Hu Shouhua. Research on tutorial system for undergraduates [D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2006.

[2] Gao Xin. Orientation analysis of tutorial system for undergraduates in China [EB/OL].

[3] Zhou. On the basic responsibilities of undergraduate tutors in local universities [J]. Journal of hunan university of science and engineering, 2005, (12).

[4] Zhou Hongyi, Li,. Research on the quality assurance and evaluation system of undergraduate tutorial system [J]. Journal of Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences, 2007, (10).

Related papers: college students' papers, business finance papers, economic papers, education papers, popular graduation papers?

;