(1) Historical origin > The so-called palace officials refer to the female officials in the palace, who are in charge of various specific affairs in the palace, and are usually held by people with certain cultural knowledge and talents. Judging from the existing literature, the records of palace officials can be found in Zhou Li and Notes of Zongbo's Mansion in Guan Chun, Zhou Li: "Teachers, all Gong Er people, four doctors, eight sergeants, two female officials, two female historians and six Xi historians." "Xiao sun woman, harem officer also. The queen's sixth house ... women's politics, women's history, and women slaves are only knowledgeable. " The queen is in charge of the sixth house, each with two palace officials and twelve * * *. Her female officials, female history and female slaves are all female officials. Judging from the setting of doctors, foot soldiers and other officials, the palace officials stipulated in Zhou Li also use scholars, but not all of them are female officials. Later dynasties also had examples of using scholars, but all of them used female officials. Scholars, such as those in charge of court affairs, belong to the palace province. & gt Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, this system has been used, but there are differences in the work of past dynasties. Most of the female officials in the Han Dynasty were responsible for the daily work in the palace. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the palace began to set up the position of female minister, responsible for the performance of documents and chapters. During its reign, it was given greater power. The so-called "choose six women to know the book and attach a letter, thinking that women are ministers, so that the classics are played outside the province and punished as' subjects'" ("Taiping Magnolia" volume 94, Emperor Department). It can be seen that the female minister has the power to read the imperial edict instead of the emperor. During the Jin Dynasty, the setting of female officials in the palace was quite inconsistent, with different names and positions and no customization. & gt During the reign of Emperor Wen, there were six officials in charge of palace affairs, including Shang Liu, Liu Si and Liu Dian, but they were not allowed to get their hands on foreign affairs, and their ranks were low. For example, Shang Liu regarded Jiupin, Liu Si regarded Jiupin as an honorable product, and Liu Dian regarded Jiupin as a defective product. During the reign of Yang Di, Shang Liu was replaced, and his position was slightly the same as that of Emperor Wen, but his rank was improved. Shangliu belongs to five grades, six to six grades and six to nine grades. In addition, there are many foreign positions. Among them, Shanggong Bureau is responsible for the transmission, Shangyi Bureau is responsible for the teaching of palace classics, melody and guests, and Mi Shang Bureau is responsible for seals, Jeff and costumes. The Staff Sergeant's Bureau is in charge of catering, wine and wine, and the Staff Sergeant's Bureau is in charge of mattresses, curtains, laying and sweeping. , and ShangGongJu in charge of construction, tailoring, treasures, money goods. The characteristics of court officials in Sui Dynasty are as follows: all female officials are appointed, and literati are no longer involved; No longer be granted the right to ask questions about foreign court affairs, only responsible for various daily work in the palace; The organization is sound, the division of labor is clear, and the number and grade of posts are strictly stipulated. All these show that the palace official system has been relatively perfect and sound after the development of the Sui Dynasty, and had a direct impact on the Tang Dynasty. & gt (II) Establishment and functions of official posts > The official system of China Palace follows the Sui system, but its organization and functions are more perfect than that of the Sui Dynasty, which has a great influence on later generations. In the Tang dynasty, the official institutions of the court were still in vogue, and their specific settings and functions were as follows: > 1. Shanggong Bureau: Set Shanggong as the main official, with five products. Under its jurisdiction are: > two secretaries, who are six products; Canon recorded two people, positive seven products; Remember two people in the palm of your hand, and you are eight products. & gt Four words and two people, positive six products; Canon said that two people are seven products; Two people in the palm of your hand are eight products. & gt Two bookkeepers and six products; Two books, seven items; Two people in the palm are good at eight things. There are six people in> company, which are six products; Canon Wei six people, is seven products; Six people in the palm, eight products. The main function of Shanggong Bureau is to guide the entrance and exit of Zhonggong and take charge of Guan Gong's seal. The articles needed in the palace are specifically undertaken by the foreign court, and the relevant documents are submitted to the Shanggong Bureau, copied and audited by the secretary, and then sent to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which will hand over the reply to the relevant foreign court. The other five books also have their own seals, but they can only be used inside the organs, and can't be stamped on foreign documents and books, but can only be printed by the Shanghai Industrial Bureau. The specific division of labor is as follows: > The secretary leaves a handprint, and the books and accounts of various institutions in the palace are audited by him. Those that have not been audited cannot be implemented. Dian Ji and Zhang Ji assist the secretary in charge of these affairs (so do other departments, so I won't list them one by one below). & gt Si Yan is responsible for transmitting and playing, and the specific working procedure is: whenever the emperor issues an imperial edict, he must give it to Si Yan for signature, registration, and another copy to the official in charge of the palace gate for delivery. If foreign court institutions play a role, the emperor's reply after reading should also be handed over to Si Yan, who will register and copy it, and then hand it over to the relevant departments for execution. & gt The treasurer is in charge of the imperial secretary's roster and the things given to the imperial secretary. & gt company is responsible for all the door keys. & gt2. Shangyi Bureau: Shangyi is the chief officer, with five products. Its jurisdiction is: > two companies, six products; Two classics, seven items; Two people in the palm, eight products. & gt Le Si four people, positive six products; Four people, seven products; There are four people in the palm of your hand, which are eight products. & gt Two customers, six products; Two guests, seven products; Two people are palm guests, not eight products. & gt Four praises and two people, positive six products; Canon praised two people, positive seven products; Praise two people, it is eight products. & gt two people, contemporary, six products. & gt Shangyi Bureau is in charge of palace etiquette and daily life. & gt This department is a professor in charge of the four books A, B, C and D, as well as the pens and cases used in the palace. & gt Lesi is responsible for teaching court music, dance and instrumental music. & gt Spencer is responsible for guests' attendance and banquet rewards. Si Zan is responsible for guiding the audience, praising the banquet and so on. When there is a banquet in the palace, Si Zan will generally guide the guests to stand under the palace, Si Yan will announce their seats on behalf of the emperor, and then Si Zan will guide them to their seats. When the emperor gives wine, guests have to get up to thank humbly, give food, and get up to worship. All these etiquette should be carried out under the guidance of Si Zan, otherwise it will be rude and will be punished. & gt Tong Shi is responsible for recording Gong Yu's daily life. & gt3. Fu Shang Bureau: Set Mi Shang's second product as the official and positive five products. Under its jurisdiction are: > Bos two products, positive six products; Dianbao two people, positive seven products; Zhang Bao is two people and eight products. & gt Two garments, six products; Two people wearing standard clothes are seven products; Two people are in charge of clothes, which is eight products. & gt The company is decorated with two people, and the six products are positive; There are two people in the code, which are seven products; Palm ornaments for two people, eight products. & gt Two divisions and two battles are six products; Canon war two people, is seven products; The two men in charge of fighting are eight products. & gt Mi Shang Bureau is responsible for all kinds of costumes, utensils, ceremonies, etc. & gt Bao Si is responsible for keeping all kinds of seals, deeds and account books, which are usually classified and kept. If the relevant departments need to use it, they will "let it go" and deliver it after approval. Whether the deed is handed in or taken back, it must be registered in the book, and it is stipulated that it must be registered with a brush when it is taken back for verification. & gt The wardrobe is in charge of clothes and jewelry. & gt decorations are responsible for bathing and keeping towel racks and utensils. & gt The quartermaster is responsible for matters such as feather clothing, honor guard and so on. & gt4. Staff Sergeant's Bureau: Staff Sergeant is appointed as the main officer, with five grades. Its jurisdiction is: > four catering companies, six products; There are four people in the classic diet, which are seven products; There are four people in charge of rice, and they are eight products. & gt Division transports two people, which are six products; The code carries two people, which is seven products; Two people are in charge, both of which are eight products. & gt Two teachers and medicines are six products; Two standard drugs and seven products; There are two people in charge of medicine, eight products. & gt Division II, positive six products; Code two, positive seven products; Two hands, eight products. & gt Shangshu Bureau is responsible for the food supply of emperors, queens and concubines in the palace. When giving food to the emperor and queen, they must taste it first and check whether it is safe before presenting it to the court. & gt The caterer is responsible for cooking the meals of the Queen and the concubines. & gt This company is responsible for the supply of alcoholic beverages. & gt The Minister of Medicine is in charge of doctors' medicine. The> secretary is responsible for the imperial secretary's food supply and firewood. & gt5. Shang Sleeping Bureau: Shang Sleeping is the first mate, with five grades. Under the jurisdiction of: > two departments, six products are positive; There are two people in the code, which are seven products; Two people in the palm, eight products. & gt division and two people are all six products; Canon two people, positive seven products; Two people, Zhang Yu, are eight products. & gt Siyuan two people, six products; Dian yuan two people, seven products; There are two people in Palm Garden, who are eight products. & gt Two lamps and six products; Two standard lights and seven items; There are two people holding lanterns, which are eight products. & gt The Sleeping Bureau is responsible for managing the bedrooms and related items of the queen and concubines. & gt The secretary is responsible for arranging curtains, cushions, etc. And cleaning. & gt Yu Si is in charge of Empress Dowager Cixi, concubines, umbrellas and feather instruments. & gt The gardener is responsible for growing vegetables and fruits in the garden. & gt The steward is responsible for the supply and management of lamps and candles. & gt6. Shanggong Bureau: Shanggong is set as the main official, with five grades. Under the jurisdiction of: > division system two products, six products; Standard two people, seven products are positive; Two palms, eight palms. & gt Four truths, two people, are six products; Canon Jane two people, is seven products; Two people, Zhang zhen, are eight products. & gt Chase, two people, are six products; Canon color two people, positive seven products; Palm color two people, is eight products. & gt company plans to have two people, with six products; Two people count, seven products are positive; Two palms, eight palms. & gt Shanggong Bureau is in charge of sewing palace clothes and other affairs not involved in the above five bureaus. & gt This company is responsible for garment cutting and sewing. & gt Sizhen is responsible for the collection and preservation of jade articles and valuables. & gt Chase is responsible for storing and supplying colorful articles, brocade and silk. & gt The treasurer is responsible for the accounts and the distribution of clothes, food and firewood. In addition to the above-mentioned institutions and responsibilities, the Tang Dynasty also set up female officials responsible for picketing palace affairs. This is because there are many people in the palace and the affairs are complicated. If there is no full-time staff to supervise and supervise the various departments in the palace, it is difficult to ensure the normal and orderly conduct of court life. This kind of personnel includes one person, Gong Zheng, five products; The teacher is two people, six products; Canon is four people, not seven products. Anyone above the palace who fails to perform his duties and violates the ban in the palace will generally be written by the minister and reported to the palace for ruling. Small things are directly punished by Gong Zheng, and big things are written by the emperor or queen, and then punished.