How to summarize the main idea of the article in Chinese
1 knowledge points
1, the main idea of the article is the central meaning expressed by the author in the article (including the author's views and attitudes, etc. ) understanding the main idea of the article belongs to grasping the ideological content of the article.
Ask students to understand and analyze the core of the article from a macro perspective. In different genres of articles, the expression of the theme of the article is different. The gist of an argumentative paper is the central argument of the article, and the characteristics of the things introduced or the reasons expounded in the scientific and technological discussion are the gist of the article. In literary works, some opinions, understandings or emotions expressed by the author through writing human narratives are the theme of the article.
2. Thinking expansion
2. The most basic requirement for summarizing the main idea of the article is to master the full text first. We should be able to grasp the given materials macroscopically. The whole article should be made clear. Only in this way can we grasp the meaning of the text and understand the author's purpose and intention.
3. Understand the theme of literary works
(1) Start with the title of the article. Some topics summarize the center of the article and reflect the main content of the article; Some titles directly reveal the central idea of the article.
(2) Starting with the analysis of the beginning and end of the article. Some articles start with a topic, which plays the role of guiding the full text, pointing out or implying the central idea, while others point out or deepen the central idea at the end of the article.
(3) Starting with the analysis of argumentative sentences and lyric sentences in the text. Some comments and lyric sentences in this article have the function of making the finishing point, such as litchi honey.
(4) Starting with summarizing paragraphs or analyzing character events. The central idea of some articles is implied in people's events or various parts of the article, which needs to be comprehensively summarized to highlight the center.
(5) Starting with analyzing the background of the article. When analyzing the article center, it is sometimes necessary to understand and analyze the relevant background of the times, find out the relationship between the content of the article and the background of the times, and understand under what background the events and characters in the article are generated and active, and what is the writing intention.
4. Understand the theme of argumentative writing
Analyze the sample questions and see how they were tested before.
Interpretation of famous teachers
[Question 1] Read the following article and do the questions.
Switzerland is a rich country. But who knows that before 150, Switzerland was still so poor that mature people sold themselves to serve abroad. /kloc-At the end of 0/8th century, in order to change the poverty and backwardness in Switzerland, the great educator Pestalozzi advocated "using both hands" and told people not to use their brains, but to improve their skills. Since then, this country has acted accordingly, attached importance to and implemented the system of combining education with practice, and made great achievements in industrial precision technology, making the country gradually rich.
(2) Swiss children should receive preschool education before the age of six, and every student must receive nine years of compulsory general education from the age of six. After that, about 12% ~ 14% students enter regular senior middle schools or teachers' training schools as a step to enter universities. Another 65,438+06% students have obtained some basic vocational training and entered social work. About 70% students enter ordinary senior middle schools or vocational schools with the nature of vocational schools. Students have ample choice and choose courses that can give full play to their talents, so that students can master a technology in depth and provide more opportunities to enter colleges and universities.
There are not many universities in Switzerland, but they have complete disciplines, including one humanities university, one normal university, seven state universities, two federal polytechnics, thirty-seven technical colleges and vocational colleges, and several theological seminaries. In addition, it also provides opportunities for employees at work to further their studies. There are various advanced courses to choose from. It can be said that everyone has sufficient learning opportunities.
It is precisely because of the combination of education and practical work that most people have learned useful things. Especially in the development of science and technology, many scientific and technological projects have been in the forefront of the world, bringing great economic benefits to the country. Because of the diversity of domestic languages, it has promoted the rapid progress of learning. Switzerland's national wealth is inseparable from its long-term emphasis on education and the cultivation of senior scientific and technological talents. In Switzerland, the power of education is indispensable.
The center of this article is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
[Analysis] The article is written in a general way, and a key sentence can be caught in the first natural paragraph. "Since then, this country has acted accordingly, attaching importance to and implementing the system of combining education with practice, so it has made great achievements in industrial precision technology and made the country gradually rich." If you condense this sentence, you can understand the main point of this paragraph.
Paragraphs (2) to (3) specify the education of Swiss students (all).
The fourth paragraph summarizes that Switzerland's national wealth is inseparable from attaching importance to education and cultivating talents.
Based on the above paragraphs, the main point of this paper is: Swiss education makes the country rich and strong. If the key sentences are grasped, the underlined part of the paragraph 1 can be summarized as the center of the article.
[Answer] "Switzerland educates and enriches the country" or "Switzerland attaches importance to and implements the system of combining education with practice to make the country gradually rich."
(1) Look at the title. The title of some argumentative papers is or contains the central argument. Some titles provide the scope of the central argument.
(2) Look at the beginning and the end. Some argumentative papers come straight to the point and directly put forward the central argument; Some argumentative essays, such as The Whistle, put facts and truth first and draw a conclusion at the end. This is the central argument.
(3) Look at the discussion process. Some argumentative essays, out of the need of reasoning, put forward the central argument of the article after preliminary discussion.
5. Understanding of the theme of science and technology fair
(1) Look at the title. In particular, the decorative and restrictive elements in the title are often the characteristics of the object, such as the majestic Great Hall of the People.
(2) Grasp the central sentence (key sentence). Many articles focus on the characteristics of the objects described, such as Suzhou gardens and humanistic language.
There are also many articles whose main idea runs through the content, so there is no centralized and distinct expression form. We should summarize the main idea of the article on the basis of understanding the full text. When reading, the main idea of each paragraph of the full text should be coherent and summarized comprehensively, and then the author's views, attitudes and feelings should be pointed out. For example, the natural alarm bell can summarize the main idea of this article on the basis of summarizing the meaning of each paragraph: our natural ecological environment has been seriously damaged, and this situation will continue. The consequences are unimaginable, so we must resolutely stop the destruction of the natural ecological environment and prevent the ecological environment from deteriorating.
3 comprehensive innovation
6. Format method
Generally speaking, there are some formats for summarizing the theme (center) of the article, and different stylistic summary centers have different formats. It is helpful for the induction center to know something about this, but don't stick to this format.
(1) literary works
Mainly write: narration … praise … expression.
Notebook-based: narration ... criticism (praise) ... expression ...
Describe and praise ... with ....
Travel Notes: Describe … and express … feelings.
(2) Argumentative essay
Argument: The article discusses ... and clarifies. ...
Refutation: This article refutes such a proposition (reason) ......
(3) Science and technology
This article explains (introduces) ... embodiment (shows and praises) ...
[Question 2] Maple Leaf Steamed Bread
(1) As soon as I set foot on the wharf of Himiya Island in Seto, I saw a big billboard selling steamed buns. Sure enough, when I arrived on the island, I found steamed buns sold everywhere, stuffed and mostly in the shape of maple leaves. Miyajima, originally known as one of the "Three Scenes of Japan", has two specialties besides beautiful scenery and dense historical sites: one is a spoon; Steamed bread is another specialty of this island.
When people go to places of interest, they always buy some traditional handicrafts as souvenirs, and they always buy some local traditional food to taste. I can't and don't want to evade customs. I bought a spoon with the words "safe at home" on Miyajima, and I also bought maple leaf steamed bread to chew with green Japanese fried tea.
(3) Twilight is approaching. After swimming, I rushed to the dock and waited for the next ferry to return to the hotel in Hiroshima. At this time, a large group of Japanese middle school students, led by several teachers, were waiting for the ferry. I met Japanese teachers and students on my autumn trip. This large group of middle school students waiting for an autumn outing are all well fed and clothed, and some even appear to be overnourished and chubby. Without exception, they all carry paper bags full of maple leaf steamed bread. Obviously, they bought it according to their parents' instructions. I sat on the bench waiting for the boat and found that almost everyone bought maple leaf steamed bread, the most famous "bird house" on the island. The merchant's paper bag is thick in texture and printed with elegant and warm patterns on the outside. A paper bag as big as a schoolbag can hold at least five flat boxes of steamed bread. Maple Leaf Steamed Bread is more expensive, and torii Steamed Bread is more expensive as a famous brand of famous shops, but these middle school students have high purchasing power, and they all seem to be "just seeking happiness, not mentioning the price".
(4) However, suddenly a unique steamed bun bag caught my attention. That's not a big paper bag in the birdhouse, but a small plastic bag. There is only one box of maple leaf steamed bread in the bag. I observed that it was a boy carrying this small plastic bag. Some classmates before and after him seem to be joking with him, and some even hit his shabby little plastic bag with their own big paper bags. Indeed, he bought too little, or it may be because of his purchasing power that he only bought products from non-famous stores.
This detail made me realize that there are still differences between the rich and the poor in Japanese society. The boy's family must be very difficult, and his parents can only give him such a sum of money to buy back this small box of maple leaf steamed bread. After careful observation, I found that the boy was not too short, but a little thin. Of course, he is not weak. He stands straight and looks very thin. He seems to have no response to the teasing of his classmates. However, his chin pursed slightly, his lips pursed into a crack, and he took the plastic bag closest to my eyes and drummed his hand, as if the weight he was bearing was not a box of steamed bread, but a secret oath. ...
⑥ The trip to Miyajima, the memory of maple leaf steamed bread, was finally fixed in the silhouette of a boy who only bought a box of steamed bread to take home. This is really an unexpected fate.
The taste of maple leaf steamed bread will gradually fade away, but the yearning is linked with that boy. But it may last forever.
The most accurate expression of the theme of the article is ()
A. exposed the social phenomenon of the disparity between the rich and the poor in Japanese society.
B. expressed the author's pity for poor students.
C. when life is low or difficult, we should maintain self-esteem and self-confidence.
D. Look at the philosophy of life from the maple leaf steamed bread.
(the title of Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province)
[Resolution] Item C is correct.
To solve this problem, we should grasp the key paragraph ⑤ ⑤, especially the author's description of the little boy in paragraph ⑤; Pretty thin, not weak, with a straight back, but still strong. In particular, the portrayal of his expression and attitude: there is no response to the teasing of his classmates, but "the chin is slightly pursed, the lips are pursed into a crack, and the muscle veins stand out suddenly and violently, as if the weight is not a box of steamed bread, but a secret oath." From this description, we can sum up the self-confidence, self-esteem and self-improvement of boys from poor families in difficulties. This is exactly the theme that the author wants to express.
4 ability problem design
[Forecast 1] When you wake up in the morning and open your eyes, the first thing you should look at is a bottle of flower arrangement on the desk in front of the window. Bottles are very common vases, and flowers are very common cauliflower-it can be seen everywhere in the vegetable fields by the river, commonly known as "tofu flower".
The reason why this flower was picked for offering is because Huang Cancan's round face, which looks like a sunflower, always smiles at the sun.
Reminds me of Van Gogh, who was not noticed before his death, but was auctioned at a sky-high price after his death-showing the vitality of sunflowers in the sun with strong golden yellow-blooming after flowers, all unfortunate painters love life and yearn for a bright heart!
When my eyes fell on the flowers, golden yellow with warm morning light jumped in my heart with Van Gogh and his sunflower. So I can't help but say: Today is another day full of hope. I must cherish it, love it and make it full and happy.
Let it have confidence in tomorrow.
(1) Use "||" to segment the article and write the meaning of the paragraph.
(2) Underline the sentences that can reveal the center of the article with "~".
[Prediction 2] As soon as the 30-year-old county magistrate took office, his father's good friend Wu Ming, the county insurance director, sent someone to send a new car for the county magistrate to try out.
Alas, Uncle Wu has always been honest and clean. Why did he start this practice? After thinking about it, he pushed the new bike into Director Wu's simple hut. Pushing the door open, Director Wu mysteriously asked, "Comrade Xinxian, what can I do for you?" "I ... I'll give you your car back, Uncle Wu. What are you doing? "
Uncle Wu flashed a comforting smile on his face: "OK, OK, I'll send it later." He's confused. "Well, someone asked me to buy a car for your dad, and I ignored it. Your father registered for two years before buying this car. I-I have a bad idea. I'll send someone to try you out so that we can retire safely. If we don't send the car, our old people will not be at ease, haha ... "Director Wu said as he walked to the bed and lay down with a smile.
He suddenly realized that he also gave a knowing laugh. ...
(1) There are three places in the article where Secretary Wu's "integrity" is written. Please extract relevant sentences.
①__________
②__________
③__________
(2) "suddenly realize" is out of _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) By describing the process of returning the car to the new county magistrate, praise the honesty and harmony of the old cadres-lofty.
Quality also shows the consciousness of new cadres _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
[Prediction 3] ① The branches of the fruit tree have been covered with countless fruits, and the accompanying autumn leaves have withered and yellow, and it requests to leave.
The fruit is unbearable, but the branches remain.
(3) "It's time for me to make room for new shoots in the future," said Akiba affectionately. "Fruits are covered with branches, and the cause is multiplied. How can I love Gao Zhi? " But I won't leave the profession of fruit trees, just for a change.
(4) Autumn leaves finally fall, and it rubs itself into the soil covered with plastic film, silently delivering nutrition to the fruit trees. ...
(1) "It" in "Autumn leaves that grow with it are withered and yellow" means _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; "It asked to leave" means _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) If the central content of this article is summarized in four words, it should be written as _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) This article has profound practical significance ()
A. take the initiative to give way and take a back seat. B. metabolism, spit out the old and absorb the new.
C. make way for the rookie and give full play to the waste heat. D. there are successors to the revolutionary cause.
[Prediction 4] Praise is more effective
Teachers should adopt different educational methods for students of different ages. For junior high school students, we should advocate "appreciation education", that is to say, we should give priority to praise.
Does too much praise make people complacent? Facts have proved that this kind of worry is unnecessary. There is an educator abroad who educates students in two classes by praise and criticism respectively. As a result, the classes that focus on criticism often violate the rules and regulations, while the classes that focus on praise have good class spirit and excellent grades. It can be seen that the positive role of praise can make the whole class make continuous progress.
In a cross-country competition in the summer camp for Chinese and Japanese students, Japanese children took the lead in reaching their destination with obvious advantages. The leader of the China team said to the depressed China children, "Your performance is not bad." This sentence inspired the children, who beat the Japanese children many times in future competitions. It can be seen from this point that praise plays a competitive role and enhances children's self-confidence.
Teachers praise junior high school students more and criticize them less, which can avoid hurting their self-esteem. Excellent students will continue to work hard and achieve better results; Poor students will also catch up for honor. This has aroused the enthusiasm of students.
Praise is more acceptable and effective than criticism. Ask the teacher to praise the students more.
(1) The underlined sentences in this article are wrong. Please use common modifiers to correct it.
Does too much praise make people complacent?
Praise plays a competitive role and enhances children's confidence.
(2) The central argument of the article is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) Use two examples to demonstrate the central argument. Please summarize its contents in one sentence.
①____________________。 ②____________________。
(4) Is it appropriate to use Mao Zedong's famous saying "Modesty makes people progress, while pride makes people lag behind" as the rational argument of the central argument? Please briefly explain the reasons.
Please cite an example from your experience as an argument to prove your point. (within 80 words)
[Forecast 5] Accumulation
It is an irrefutable truth that mountains build on the earth and rivers meet, but some people don't believe it. They always like to take shortcuts, want to eat fat in one bite, and their dreams suddenly hit great achievements.
② A. Wealth depends on accumulation. B. Some people are good at saving and getting rich. C. Some people despise the savings of tens of dollars a month and think it is better to spend them all. D. they fantasized that a bag of diamonds fell from the sky. I found a gold ingot on the ground, or I won tens of millions in the lottery and became rich overnight. E. Of course, such people can only be daydreams. & lt/P & lt； p & gt
(3) The same is true for learning. Accumulate knowledge in order to enrich life. It seems useless to accumulate, but it is valuable to use, and it will last a lifetime. However, many people disdain to read a page of books and write a page of notes every day, but believe that what medicine they take will increase their intelligence sharply and then become brilliant overnight. I didn't know that scholars all over the world don't take medicine.
It is not a good thing to become famous prematurely because of insufficient accumulation. Just like some people don't have much money in the bank, but they like to put on airs, talk big, and get fat in the face. As a result, they were short of money and laughed at. Some people wrote an article, a piece of music or a poem, which was well received, praised by public opinion and won awards. However, because the author's accumulation is not thick, the honor he won destroyed their determination to continue to forge ahead, and no new work surpassed the existing achievements.
⑤ "A long detour is often the shortest path to reach the goal." This sentence seems contradictory, but it is full of philosophy. Long and circuitous is a process of continuous hard accumulation, and the purpose of taking shortcuts is often short-lived, even "haste makes waste."
6. In order to build a successful life building, whenever and wherever, we should persistently move sand and build stones.
(1) The word "point" in Xinhua Dictionary has the following meanings. (1) the top of the head. ② Start. Three down, down. (4) bumps, up and down. ⑤ Same as "epilepsy". Please choose the correct meaning for the word "irrefutable" in paragraph (1) and write the serial number in brackets. ( )
(2) In paragraph (2) of the article, please choose the sentence with the correct level ().
a/b//cde B.a/b//cd//e.a
C.A/B/C//De D.ab/ced
(3) The argument in paragraph (3) of the article is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) Please summarize the two factual arguments in paragraph (4) in concise language (each argument should not exceed 20 words).
Argument ① _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Argument ② _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(five) the "building" in the sixth paragraph of this article refers to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. "Sand removal masonry" refers to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Standard solution
1. The topic of the second part is the exam topic. The answer is: from "Today is another day full of hope" to "Let it have confidence in tomorrow". The answer to the question (1) is: Part I (paragraph 1): When you wake up in the morning, you should look at the flowers first. The second part (paragraphs 2-4) explains what flowers to look at and why to raise them. The third part (the fifth paragraph): the feeling of seeing I flowers.
Item (3) is a test entitled Point out the central idea of the article. The answer is: care about new cadres; Resist unhealthy trends. The answers to other questions are: (1)① Uncle Wu has always been honest and clean; I 2 a simple little house; I was asked to buy a car for your father, but I ignored it. I bought a car and tried it myself.
Question (2) is a sentence that summarizes the main idea of the article. The answer is: autumn leaves protect the roots. The answers to other questions are: (1) fruitful; Autumn leaves (3)c
4. The second part is the topic test of the article. The answer is: "Appreciation education should be advocated" or "Praise is more effective". The answers to other questions are: (1)① Remove; "produce"; ② Change "competition" into "encouragement" or "encouragement". (3)① The practice of an educator abroad proves that the effect of praise is good; In the summer camp, the praise from the team leader China inspired the children in China. (4) inappropriate; Mao Zedong's famous saying "Modesty makes people progress and pride makes people lag behind" is the truth of "modesty", which is inconsistent with the central argument of this paper and cannot be used as a reasonable argument. Question (5), first of all, we should grasp the central argument of this article, and then choose our own experiences as arguments around the central argument. I
5. The title of item (3) is the corresponding training question. The answer is: knowledge depends on accumulation. The answers to other questions are: (1)③(2)A(4)① Some people like to put on airs, and the result is! Lack of money, being laughed at. (2) Some people have not accumulated enough, and no new works have surpassed the existing achievements. (5) Successful accumulation.
I hope my answer is helpful to you and I hope you will adopt it.